Pfupiso:Kunzwisisa kurima kwezvivakwa zvemazuva ano kunonyanya kuenderana nehurongwa hwekushanda nekugadzirisa. Kunzwisisa kurima kwezvivakwa zvemazuva ano kunoenderana zvakananga nekushanda zvakanaka kwegreenhouse, uye kunomiririrawo kuvandudzwa kurima kwezvivakwa, uko kune kukosha kwekukurumbira uye kukura kwakadzama. Pepa iri rinosuma kushandiswa kwehurongwa hwekushanda nekuchengetedza hwakangwara munzvimbo yekurima yezvivakwa muQingdao, rinoongorora kushanda kwayo, uye rinoongorora kukosha kwekukurumbira kwehurongwa, kuitira kuti ripe ruzivo rwevashandi vakakodzera uye kuwedzera kudzidza kwakadzama kwehurongwa hwakabatana, nokudaro richivandudza hunyanzvi uye hungwaru hwekurima kwezvivakwa.

Mazwi akakosha: Sisitimu yeKushanda neKugadzirisa Yakangwara; Kurima Kwenzvimbo; Kushandiswa

Nekukura kuri kuita China nekukurumidza, nzira dzekurima dzechinyakare hadzina kukwanisa kugutsa zvinodiwa nenzanga zvemhando yepamusoro nehuwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvekurima. Kurima kwezvirimwa zvemazuva ano, kunoratidzwa negoho guru, kushanda zvakanaka, uye mhando yepamusoro, kwakawedzera nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura, zvichiratidza mukana mukuru wemusika. Zvisinei, kana tichienzanisa nenyika dzakabudirira dzekurima kana matunhu pasi rose, nhanho yetekinoroji yekurima yezvivakwa yeChina ichiri kunonoka zvakanyanya, kunyanya mukushandiswa kwemasisitimu ekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza ezvekurima akavakirwa paIoT senge masensa ezvekurima uye machine cloud brains, uko digitalization inoda kuvandudzwa nekukurumidza.

1. Sisitimu Yekuchenjera Yekushanda Nekuchengetedza Zvekurima

1.1 Tsananguro yeSisitimu

Sisitimu yekushanda nekuchengetedza yakangwara yekurima itekinoroji iri kubuda inosanganisa zvakanyanya tekinoroji yeIoT, tekinoroji yekutarisira yakangwara, uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekurima akadai sekudyara, kuchengetedza, kugadzirisa, kutakura, kutevedza, uye kushandisa. Kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwe "system+hardware", sisitimu yekushanda nekuchengetedza yakangwara yekurima inoshandisa matekinoroji akakosha eInternet of Things, akadai setekinoroji yekuona, tekinoroji yekutumira, tekinoroji yekugadzirisa uye tekinoroji yakajairika, kugadzirisa zvizere matambudziko akawanda anobatanidza akadai sekuzivikanwa kwemunhu wega wekurima, kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu, network yemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana, kugadzirisa data rakawanda-siyana, kuwana ruzivo uye rutsigiro rwesarudzo.

1.2 Nzira yeUnyanzvi

Kazhinji, chimiro chehurongwa hwekutarisira kurima chinowanzo umbwa nemaonero, network uye puratifomu. Pachikonzero ichi, mabhizinesi anogona kuwedzera matanho ane musoro zvichienderana nemhando dzekurima uye zvinodiwa nebhizinesi. Magadzirirwo ehurongwa hwekushanda nekugadzirisa hwezvekurima hunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.

Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zvekushanda nekuchengetedza kurima kwezvivakwa, masensa akadai se sensor yekupisa nehunyoro, sensor yekabhoni dhayiokisijeni, sensor yechiedza, sensor yemazuva ano, sensor yemvura inoyerera, sensor yemhepo inoyerera, sensor yemhepo inoyerera, sensor yemhepo inoyerera, sensor yehuremu, sensor yeEC uye sensor yepH inogona kugadziriswa, uye mabhizinesi ane kudiwa kukuru anogona kutsvagisa nekugadzira masensa, uye kupinda muprotocol yekutumira data kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti data rinotumirwa zvakanaka uye rinotorwa.

1.3 Kukosha Kwebudiriro

Sisitimu yekushanda nekuchengetedza yakangwara inoshandisa tekinoroji yekunzwisisa yakangwara, tekinoroji yekutumira ruzivo uye tekinoroji yekugadzirisa yakangwara kuburikidza neInternet yeZvinhu zvekurima kuti iite kutarisa panguva chaiyo uye kudzora kure kwese kunongedzera mumabasa ekurima, kukurudzira ruzivo rwakangwara rwekugadzirwa kwekurima, manejimendi uye sarudzo dzehurongwa, uye kuona kushanda kwepamusoro, kuwedzera, chiyero uye kurongeka kwekugadzirwa kwekurima. Chekupedzisira, kubatana kwakatwasuka kwese kunongedzera mukugadzirwa kwezvirimwa uye kubatana kwakatwasuka kwese kunongedzera muindasitiri yese yekurima kuchaitwa. Gadzira economism yakatenderera ine sisitimu yetekinoroji yekudyara, chikuva chepfungwa dzekurima, kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu chekurima, chikuva chekutengeserana kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima, sisitimu itsva yemari yecheni yezvekudyara, kushanya kwezvekurima kwakasarudzika uye kudyara nekubereka kwakawedzerwa (Mufananidzo 2).

 

2.Kuongororwa kwemashoko ekubatanidzwa kwemvura nefetereza

2.1 Nheyo yeSisitimu

Sisitimu iyi inoita mhinduro isina kunaka kumvura nefetereza nekuona huwandu hwemvura, EC, pH nezvimwe zvinodiwa zvematrix emukokonati, izvo zvinoita basa rakakosha mukutungamira kudiridza nemazvo. Zvichienderana nehunhu hwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekudyara, kuburikidza nekuongorora nekutsvagisa hunhu hwematrix nemaumbirwo, kugadzira modhi yekudiridza yenguva, modhi yekudiridza yepamusoro nepazasi yekuisa mvura mu matrix; sisitimu yekuunganidza ruzivo rwakabatanidzwa rwemvura nefetereza inogona kudzora modhi yekudiridza, kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kunogona kuitwa nguva dzose mukushanda kwekugadzira nekugadzirisa.

2.2 Kuumbwa Kwemasisitimu

Sisitimu iyi ine mudziyo wekuunganidza mvura inopinza, mudziyo wekuunganidza mvura inodzoka, mudziyo wekutarisa mvura inopinza uye chikamu chekutaurirana, umo mudziyo wekuunganidza mvura inopinza une sensor yepH, sensor yeEC, pombi yemvura, flowmeter nezvimwe zvikamu; uye mudziyo wekuunganidza mvura inodzoka une sensor yekumanikidza, sensor yepH, sensor yeEC nezvimwe zvikamu; Mudziyo wekutarisa mvura inopinza une tray yekuunganidza mvura inodzoka, skrini yefirita yekudzorera mvura inodzoka, sensor yekumanikidza, sensor yepH, sensor yeEC, sensor yetembiricha nehunyoro nezvimwe zvikamu. Module yekutaurirana inosanganisira mamodule maviri eLoRa, rimwe riri mukamuri yekudzora yepakati uye rimwe riri mugreenhouse (Mufananidzo 3). Kubatana kwewaya kuripo pakati pekombuta nechikamu chekutaurirana chakaiswa mukamuri yekudzora yepakati, kubatana kwewaya kuripo pakati pechikamu chekutaurirana chakaiswa mukamuri yekudzora yepakati nechikamu chekutaurirana chakaiswa mugreenhouse, uye kubatana kwewaya kuripo pakati pechikamu chekutaurirana mugreenhouse nerelay, chikamu chekuona mvura inopinza uye chikamu chekuona mvura inodzoka (Mufananidzo 4).

2.3 Mhedzisiro Yekushandisa

Mhedzisiro yekudiridza nemvura nefetereza inotsigirwa neiyi nzira yekutarisa inoenzaniswa neyekudiridza inopihwa nevatengesi chete. Zvichienzaniswa neyazvino, avhareji yekudiridza pamuti wega wega wematomatisi ine iyi nzira yekutarisa inoderedzwa ne8.7% pazuva, uye huwandu hwemvura inodzoka hunoderedzwa ne18%, uye kukosha kweEC kwemvura inodzoka kwakafanana, izvo zvinoratidza kuti mhinduro yakawanda yekudya inoshandiswa nezvirimwa kana iyi nzira yekutarisa ichishandiswa pakudiridza zvichienderana nemutemo wekutorwa kwemvura inovaka muviri nezvirimwa. Kushandisa iyi nzira yekuchenesa ine njere kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwekudiridza ne29% uye kudzoka kwemvura ne53% paavhareji zvichienzaniswa nekudiridza kwenguva yakatarwa (Mufananidzo 5 ~ 6).

 

3. Sisitimu Yekudzora Zvakatipoteredza Yakavakirwa paIoT

Tichitarisana nekudiwa kwekudzora kwakarurama ma "hombe-dynamic spectral nodes" mumafekitori ezvirimwa, tekinoroji ye "fusion Internet of Things" yakaunzwa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuwana ma "node" makuru uye akasiyana-siyana uye kudzora kwakarurama kwenzvimbo yechiedza yezvirimwa. Sisitimu yekudzora mwenje yakangwara mufekitori yezvirimwa inotora ma "LED light fixtures" akangwara senzira yekutakura, uye inoshandisa tekinoroji yeWF-IOT big data fusion Internet of Things kuti ivake network yakakura-yakaganhurirwa inotsigira kuwanikwa kwedata, kutapurirana uye kudzora. Sisitimu iyi inogona kuunganidzwa zvakasununguka zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira, uye kusimba kwechiedza chezvimiti kunogona kugadziriswa nguva nenguva zvichienderana nemamiriro akasiyana emwenje uye zvinodiwa pakukura kwezvirimwa, kuitira kuti pave nekudzora kwakarurama kwesimba rechiedza chekuwedzera nehuwandu hwechiedza chekuwedzera (Mufananidzo 7). Kuburikidza nenetwork yeperipheral, kuunganidzwa kwakasimba uye kutapurirana kwedata rekuona senge nharaunda nekuvhenekesa kunogona kuitika, uye panguva imwe chete, kutarisa kwekushandiswa kwesimba online kunogona kuitika, uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwechiedza chekuwedzera munzvimbo yega yega yekukura kunogona kunzwisiswa munguva chaiyo.

Sisitimu iyi inoita kuti zvirimwa zvitarisirwe zvakanaka nekuunganidza data remukati nekunze kwegreenhouse, uye inopedzisa kugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa che "plant management model". Kuburikidza nemasensa emagetsi, CO2, gasi rechisikigo nemvura, kuunganidzwa kwedata rekutarisa re "energy system" kunoitika. Uchishandisa tekinoroji yekuona kwemarobhoti, kuburikidza nedata reruvara rwemichero, nhamba yemichero, saizi yehunde yemichero, mashizha, hunde nezvimwewo, maitiro ese ekukura kwezvirimwa anotariswa uye anoonekwa (Mufananidzo 8).

4.Kukosha Kwekusimudzira

Sisitimu yekushanda nekuchengetedza zvinhu zvekurima, ichishandisa zvakanakira zvepuratifomu yeInternet yeindasitiri, mari imwe chete, kushandiswa kakawanda kwesevhisi, ichishandisa pfungwa yekugovana yeInternet yeindasitiri, inokurudzira kuvaka Internet yezvinhu mukurima kwezvivakwa nemutengo wakaderera uye kushanda zvakanaka, uye inovandudza mwero wehungwaru uye wegirini wekurima kwezvivakwa. Tichitora purojekiti inoshandisa sisitimu iyi muLaixi City, Qingdao semuenzaniso, mwero wekushandiswa kwefetereza wakakwana unogona kusvika pamusoro pe90%, inova katatu kupfuura kurimwa kwevhu rechinyakare. Hapana kuburitswa kwetsvina yekugadzira mukuita kwese, izvo zvinochengetedza 95% yemvura zvichienzaniswa nekurima mumunda uye zvinoderedza kusvibiswa kwefetereza ichienda kuvhu. Kuburikidza nekuona CO2 mugreenhouse nesisitimu iyi, zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvakaita sekupisa nekuvhenekesa mukati nekunze kwegreenhouse zvinoongororwa zvakakwana, uye kuwanikwa kweCO2 kunodzorwa munguva chaiyo, izvo zvisingangosanganisi zvinodiwa nezvirimwa chete, asiwo zvinodzivirira marara, zvinosimbisa photosynthesis yezvirimwa, zvinokurumidzisa kuunganidzwa kwemakabohidrati, zvinowedzera goho pachikamu chimwe nechimwe uye zvinovandudza mhando yemiriwo. Sisitimu yese yekutarisira mashandiro nekuchengetedza yakawana mashandiro otomatiki enzvimbo dzekudzora nharaunda yegreenhouse, mashandiro otomatiki uye akarurama emidziyo inoshanda panguva dzese, kuderedza mutengo wesimba ne10% uye mutengo wekushandisa nemaoko ne60%, uye panguva imwe chete, inogona kuita dziviriro dzakadai sekuvhara hwindo kekutanga kubva kumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka akadai semhepo ine simba, mvura nechando, zvichidzivirira kurasikirwa negreenhouse pachayo nezvirimwa mugreenhouse kana mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka kamwe kamwe.

5.Mhedziso

Kuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano kwekurima kwezvivakwa hakugoni kuparadzaniswa nekukomborerwa kwehurongwa hwekutarisira zvekurima hwakangwara. Hurongwa hwekutarisira hunoenderana chete ndihwo hune pfungwa dzakasimba, ongororo uye kugona kuita sarudzo ndihwo hunogona kuramba huchifambira mberi munzira yekuvandudza. Hurongwa hwekutarisira zvekurima hwakangwara hunoderedza zvakanyanya zvikanganiso zvehutungamiriri hwekugadzira uye hunokurudzira ruzivo rwakangwara rwekugadzira zvekurima, hutungamiriri uye sarudzo dzakarongeka. Nekuwedzera kwezvinopihwa uye kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekushandisa ehurongwa, modhi yaro yedata inofanirwa kuvandudzwa uye kudzokororwa nguva dzose zvichienderana nedata rakawanda, ichiwedzera hungwaru, uye ichivandudza zvizere mwero wehungwaru hwekurima kwezvivakwa zvemazuva ano.

MUGUMO

[ruzivo rwekutsanangura]

Munyori wekutanga Sha Bifeng, Zhang Zheng, nezvimwewo. Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology Kubvumbi 19, 2024 10:47 Beijing