Munyori: Yamin Li naHoucheng Liu, nezvimwewo, kubva kuCollege of Horticulture, South China Agriculture University

Chinyorwa Kunobva: Greenhouse Horticulture

Mhando dzenzvimbo dzekurima horticulture dzinonyanya kusanganisira epurasitiki greenhouses, solar greenhouses, akawanda-span greenhouses, uye mafekitori ezvirimwa. Nekuti zvivakwa zvezvivakwa zvinovharira masosi emwenje masosi kusvika padanho rakati, hapana mwenje wemukati wakakwana, izvo zvinozoderedza goho nemhando. Naizvozvo, mwenje wekuwedzera unobata basa rinokosha muzvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye negoho renzvimbo iyi, asi zvavewo chinhu chikuru mukuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwesimba uye mari yekushandisa munzvimbo iyi.

Kwenguva yakareba, magetsi ekugadzira magetsi anoshandiswa mumunda wenzvimbo yekurima horticulture anonyanya kusanganisira high pressure sodium rambi, fluorescent rambi, simbi halogen rambi, incandescent rambi, nezvimwewo zvipingamupinyi zvakakurumbira ndezvokugadzirwa kwekupisa, kushandiswa kwesimba uye kushandiswa kwepamusoro kwemari. Kuvandudzwa kwechizvarwa chitsva mwenje emitting diode (LED) inoita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa yakaderera simba rekugadzira mwenje sosi mumunda wenzvimbo yekurima horticulture. LED ine mabhenefiti epamusoro photoelectric kutendeuka kushanda zvakanaka, DC simba, vhoriyamu diki, hupenyu hurefu, kushomeka kwesimba rekushandisa, yakatarwa wavelength, yakaderera kupisa kwemwaranzi uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuenzaniswa ne-high-pressure sodium rambi uye fluorescent rambi rinowanzoshandiswa pari zvino, LED haingogadzirise huwandu hwechiedza uye mhando (chikamu cheakasiyana bhendi mwenje) zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvechirimwa kukura, uye inogona kuvhenekesa zvidyarwa zviri padhuze nekuda. kuchiedza chayo chinotonhora, Saka, nhamba yezvikamu zvekurima uye chiyero chekushandiswa kwenzvimbo inogona kuvandudzwa, uye mabasa ekuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza uye nzvimbo inoshandiswa zvakanaka iyo isingagoni kutsiviwa nechiedza chechinyakare inogona kuitika.

Zvichienderana neaya mabhenefiti, LED yakashandiswa zvinobudirira munzvimbo yekuvhenekesa mwenje, yekutanga tsvakiridzo yenzvimbo inodzoreka, tsika yekudyara mutisi, chirimwa fekitori mhodzi uye aerospace ecosystem. Mumakore achangopfuura, kuita kwe LED kukura mwenje kuri kuita nani, mutengo uri kudzikira, uye marudzi ese ezvigadzirwa zvine chaiwo wavelengths ari kuvandudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma, saka mashandisiro ayo mundima yekurima uye biology ichave yakakura.

Ichi chinyorwa chinopfupisa chimiro chekutsvagisa che LED mumunda wenzvimbo yekurima horticulture, inotarisa pakushandiswa kwe LED yekuwedzera mwenje muchiedza biology hwaro, LED inokura mwenje pachirimwa mwenje kugadzira, hutano hutano uye mhedzisiro yekunonoka kuchembera, kuvaka uye kushandisa. yemwenje formula, uye inoongorora uye tarisiro yezvinetso zvazvino uye tarisiro ye LED yekuwedzera mwenje tekinoroji.

Mhedzisiro ye LED yekuwedzera mwenje pakukura kwezvirimwa zvehorticultural

Magadzirirwo emwenje pakukura nekukura kwechirimwa anosanganisira kumera kwembeu, kureba kwedzinde, kukura kweshizha nemidzi, phototropism, chlorophyll synthesis uye kuora, uye maruva induction. Mamiriro ekunze ekuvhenekesa munzvimbo iyi anosanganisira kusimba kwechiedza, kutenderera kwechiedza uye spectral kugovera. Izvo zvinhu zvinogona kugadziridzwa neyakagadzirwa mwenje wekuwedzera pasina kudzikiswa kwemamiriro ekunze.

Parizvino, kune angangoita matatu marudzi emafotoreceptors muzvirimwa: phytochrome (inotora mwenje dzvuku uye kure kure tsvuku), cryptochrome (inotora bhuruu mwenje uye pedyo neultraviolet mwenje) uye UV-A uye UV-B. Iko kushandiswa kweiyo wavelength mwenje sosi kune irradiate zvirimwa kunogona kuvandudza photosynthetic kushanda zvakanaka kwezvirimwa, kukurumidza mwenje morphogenesis, uye kukurudzira kukura nekukura kwezvirimwa. Chiedza chitsvuku cheorenji (610 ~ 720 nm) uye bhuruu violet mwenje (400 ~ 510 nm) zvakashandiswa muchirimwa photosynthesis. Uchishandisa tekinoroji yeLED, chiedza chemonochromatic (sechiedza chitsvuku chine 660nm peak, chiedza chebhuruu chine 450nm peak, zvichingodaro) chinogona kuvhenekerwa maererano nebhendi rakasimba rekunyudza rechlorophyll, uye spectral domain wide inongova ± 20 nm.

Parizvino zvinotendwa kuti mwenje dzvuku-orenji uchamhanyisa kukura kwezvirimwa, kusimudzira kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma, kuumbwa kwema bulbs, machubhu, mashizha emashizha uye dzimwe nhengo dzechirimwa, zvinoita kuti zvirimwa zvitumbuke uye zvibereke michero kare, uye kutamba. basa rinotungamirira mukuwedzera kwemavara emiti; Chiedza chebhuruu uye violet chinogona kudzora phototropism yemashizha emiti, kukurudzira stomata kuvhurika uye chloroplast kufamba, inhibit stem elongation, kudzivirira kureba kwechirimwa, kunonoka maruva maruva, uye kukurudzira kukura kwezvinomera nhengo; musanganiswa wema LED dzvuku neblue unogona kutsiva chiedza chisina kukwana cheruvara rwumwechete rwezviviri uye kuumba spectral absorption peak inonyanyoenderana nechirimwa photosynthesis uye morphology. Chiyero chekushandisa simba rechiedza chinogona kusvika 80% kusvika 90%, uye simba rekuchengetedza simba rakakosha.

Yakashongedzerwa nemwenje yekuwedzera ye LED munzvimbo yekurima horticulture inogona kuwana yakakura kwazvo kuwedzera mukugadzirwa. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti huwandu hwemichero, huwandu hwakazara uye huremu hwechero cherry tomato pasi pechiedza chekuwedzera che300 μmol/(m²·s) LED strips uye LED machubhu kwe12h (8:00-20:00) zvakanyanya. yakawedzera. Chiedza chekuwedzera che LED strip chakawedzera ne 42.67%, 66.89% uye 16.97% zvakateerana, uye mwenje wekuwedzera we LED chubhu yakawedzera ne48.91%, 94.86% uye 30.86% zvichiteerana. Chiedza chekuwedzera mwenje we LED inokura mwenje panguva yese yekukura [reshiyo yechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu i3: 2, uye kusimba kwechiedza i300 μmol/(m²·s)] inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kunaka kwemuchero uye goho. per unit area ye chiehwa ne eggplant. Chikuquan yakawedzera ne5.3% ne15,6%, uye eggplant yakawedzera ne7,6% ne7,8%. Kuburikidza nemhando yemwenje ye LED uye kusimba kwayo uye nguva yenguva yese yekukura, kutenderera kwekukura kwechirimwa kunogona kupfupikiswa, goho rekutengesa, hutano hwehutano uye morphological kukosha kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima zvinogona kuvandudzwa, uye kugona kwakanyanya, kuchengetedza simba uye kugadzirwa nehungwaru kwezvivakwa zvehorticultural zvirimwa zvinogona kuitika.

Kushandiswa kwemwenje we LED mukurima mbesa dzemuriwo

Kudzora morphology yechirimwa uye kukura uye kusimudzira ne LED mwenje sosi ndiyo yakakosha tekinoroji mumunda wekurima greenhouse. Zvidyarwa zvepamusoro zvinokwanisa kunzwa uye kugashira masaini emwenje kuburikidza nephotoreceptor masisitimu akadai sefitochrome, cryptochrome, uye photoreceptor, uye kuita shanduko ye morphological kuburikidza ne intracellular vatumwa kudzora matishu ezvirimwa uye nhengo. Photomorphogenesis inoreva kuti zvirimwa zvinovimba nechiedza kudzora kusiyanisa kwesero, kuumbwa uye kushanduka kwekushanda, pamwe nekuumbwa kwematishu uye nhengo, kusanganisira pesvedzero pakumera kweimwe mhodzi, kukurudzira kweapical dominance, inhibition ye lateral bud kukura, stem elongation. , uye tropism.

Kurimwa kwembesa dzemuriwo chikamu chakakosha chekurima kwenzvimbo. Kuenderera mberi kwekunaya kwemamiriro ekunze kunokonzera chiedza chisina kukwana munzvimbo, uye mbesa dzinowanzorebesa, izvo zvinokanganisa kukura kwemiriwo, kusiyanisa kwemaruva uye kukura kwemichero, uye pakupedzisira kukanganisa goho ravo uye kunaka. Mukugadzira, mamwe magadzirirwo ekukura kwezvirimwa, akadai segibberellin, auxin, paclobutrazol uye chlormequat, anoshandiswa kugadzirisa kukura kwembesa. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kusina musoro kwezvinomera zvinomera zvinogona kusvibisa zviri nyore zvakatipoteredza zvemiriwo uye zvivako, hutano hwevanhu husina kunaka.

Chiedza chekuwedzera che LED chine zvakawanda zvakasarudzika zvechiedza chekuwedzera, uye inzira inogoneka yekushandisa LED yekuwedzera mwenje kusimudza mbesa. Muchiedza che LED chekuwedzera [25±5 μmol/(m²·s)] chiyedzo chakaitwa pasi pechiedza chakaderera [0~35 μmol/(m²·s)], zvakaonekwa kuti chiedza chegirini chinokurudzira kurebesa uye kukura kwe cucumber madzinde. Chiedza chitsvuku uye chiedza chebhuruu chinodzivisa kukura kwembesa. Kuenzaniswa nechiedza chechisikigo chisina simba, indekisi yakasimba yembesa yembesa yakawedzerwa nechiedza chitsvuku uye chebhuruu chakawedzera ne 151.26% uye 237.98%, maererano. Kuenzaniswa nemhando yechiedza chemonochromatic, indekisi yembeu yakasimba ine zvikamu zvitsvuku uye zvebhuruu pasi pekurapwa kwechiedza chekuwedzera chiedza chakawedzera ne 304.46%.

Kuwedzera chiedza chitsvuku kune cucumber miche inogona kuwedzera nhamba yemashizha echokwadi, nzvimbo yeshizha, kureba kwemiti, stem diameter, yakaoma uye itsva quality, yakasimba seedling index, simba remidzi, basa reSOD uye soluble protein content ye cucumber seeds. Kuwedzera UV-B kunogona kuwedzera zviri mu chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b uye carotenoids mucucumber seedling mashizha. Kuenzaniswa nechiedza chechisikigo, kuwedzera tsvuku uye bhuruu LED mwenje inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya nzvimbo yeshizha, yakaoma nyaya yemhando uye yakasimba seedling index yematomatisi mbesa. Kuwedzera mwenje mutsvuku we LED uye girinhi mwenje zvakanyanya kunowedzera kureba uye hunde hwemadomasi mbesa. Iyo LED yakasvibirira mwenje yekuwedzera mwenje kurapwa inogona zvakanyanya kuwedzera biomass yemagaka nemadomasi madzinde, uye huremu hutsva uye hwakaoma hwembeu hunowedzera nekuwedzera kwechiedza chegirinhi chinowedzera kusimba kwechiedza, ukuwo hunde gobvu uye simba rembeu indekisi yematomatisi. madzinde ose anotevera chiedza chegreen light. Kuwedzera kwesimba kunowedzera. Iko kusanganiswa kwe LED tsvuku uye yebhuruu mwenje inogona kuwedzera hunde hutema, shizha nzvimbo, yakaoma huremu hwechirimwa chose, midzi yekupfura reshiyo, uye yakasimba seedling index ye eggplant. Kana ichienzaniswa nechiedza chichena, mwenje dzvuku ye LED inogona kuwedzera mbesa yemakabheji uye kukurudzira kukura uye kuwedzera kwemashizha emadzinde ekabichi. Chiedza cheblue che LED chinosimudzira kukura kwakasimba, kuunganidza zvinhu zvakaoma uye indekisi yakasimba yemadzinde emakabheji, uye inoita kuti mhodzi dzekabichi dziite shoma. Migumisiro iri pamusoro inoratidza kuti zvakanakira mbeu yemiriwo inorimwa nemagetsi ekugadzirisa chiedza zviri pachena.

Mhedzisiro ye LED yekuwedzera mwenje pahutano hwehutano hwemichero nemiriwo

Mapuroteni, shuga, organic acid uye vhitamini iri mumichero nemiriwo zvinhu zvinovaka muviri zvinobatsira kuhutano hwevanhu. Hunhu hwechiedza hunogona kukanganisa zvirimo zveVC muzvirimwa nekugadzirisa basa reVC synthesis uye kuora enzyme, uye inogona kudzora mapuroteni metabolism uye kuunganidzwa kwemakhahydrates muzvirimwa zvehorticultural. Chiedza chitsvuku chinokurudzira kuunganidzwa kwemakhahydrates, kurapwa kwechiedza chebhuruu kunobatsira pakuumbwa kweprotein, nepo kusanganiswa kwechiedza chitsvuku uye chebhuruu chinogona kuvandudza hutano hwemiti yemiti yakanyanya kudarika iyo yechiedza che monochromatic.

Kuwedzera dzvuku kana bhuruu mwenje we LED unogona kuderedza nitrate yemukati mulettuce, kuwedzera bhuruu kana girini mwenje we LED unogona kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kweshuga yakanyungudika mulettuce, uye kuwedzera infrared LED mwenje inokodzera kuunganidzwa kweVC mulettuce. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzera kwechiedza chebhuruu kunogona kuvandudza VC content uye soluble protein content ye tomato; mwenje dzvuku uye tsvuku yebhuruu yakasanganiswa mwenje inogona kukurudzira shuga neasidhi zvemuchero wemadomasi, uye reshiyo yeshuga kune asidhi yaive yepamusoro pasi pechiedza chitsvuku chakasanganiswa; tsvuku yebhuruu yakasanganiswa mwenje inogona kuvandudza iyo VC yemukati yemuchero wemagaka.

The phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins uye zvimwe zvinhu mumichero nemiriwo kwete chete zvakakosha pesvedzero paruvara, kuravira uye commodity kukosha kwemichero nemiriwo, asiwo ane natural antioxidant basa, uye anogona zvinobudirira inhibisa kana kubvisa mahara radicals mumuviri womunhu.

Kushandisa chiedza chebhuruu che LED kuwedzera chiedza chinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya anthocyanin yeganda re eggplant ne 73.6%, apo kushandisa LED chiedza chitsvuku uye kusanganiswa kwechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu kunogona kuwedzera zvinyorwa zveflavonoids uye phenols yakazara. Chiedza chebhuruu chinogona kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kwe lycopene, flavonoids uye anthocyanins mumichero yemadomasi. Iko kusanganiswa kwechiedza chitsvuku uye chebhuruu kunosimudzira kugadzirwa kweanthocyanins kusvika pamwero wakati, asi inhibits synthesis ye flavonoids. Kuenzaniswa nechena mwenje kurapwa, tsvuku mwenje kurapwa kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya anthocyanin yemukati yelettuce pfuti, asi yebhuruu mwenje kurapwa ine yakaderera anthocyanin yemukati. Iyo yakazara phenol yegirinhi shizha, yepepuru shizha uye tsvuku mashizha lettuce yaive yakakwirira pasi pechiedza chena, tsvuku-yebhuruu yakasanganiswa chiedza uye yebhuruu chiedza kurapwa, asi ndiyo yakaderera pasi pechiedza chitsvuku kurapwa. Kuwedzera mwenje we ultraviolet kana mwenje weorenji unogona kuwedzera zvirimo zve phenolic makomisheni mumashizha eretisi, nepo kuwedzera mwenje wegirini unogona kuwedzera zvirimo zveanthocyanins. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwe LED kukura mwenje inzira inoshanda yekudzora hutano hwemichero nemiriwo munzvimbo yekurima horticultural.

Mhedzisiro ye LED yekuwedzera mwenje pane anti-kukwegura kwezvirimwa

Chlorophyll degradation, kukurumidza kurasikirwa kweprotein uye RNA hydrolysis panguva yechirimwa senescence inonyanya kuratidzwa seshizha senescence. Chloroplasts inonetseka zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwekunze kwechiedza nharaunda, kunyanya kukanganiswa nemhando yechiedza. Chiedza chitsvuku, chiedza chebhuruu uye tsvuku-yebhuruu yakasanganiswa chiedza inokodzera chloroplast morphogenesis, chiedza chebhuruu chinobatsira kuunganidzwa kwezviyo zve starch mumakloroplasts, uye, chiedza chitsvuku uye kure-kure-kure-kure kune kukanganisa pakukura kwechloroplast. Iko kusanganiswa kwechiedza chebhuruu uye tsvuku uye bhuruu mwenje unogona kusimudzira kuumbwa kwechlorophyll mumashizha egaka, uye kusanganiswa kwechiedza tsvuku nebhuruu kunogonawo kunonotsa kudzikira kwemashizha echlorophyll munguva inotevera. Mhedzisiro iyi inonyanya kuoneka nekudzikira kweyero yemwenje dzvuku uye kuwedzera kwereji yebhuruu. Iyo chlorophyll yemukati megaka seeding mashizha pasi pe LED tsvuku uye yebhuruu yakasanganiswa mwenje kurapwa yaive yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo iri pasi pefluorescent light control uye monochromatic tsvuku uye bhuruu mwenje marapirwo. Chiedza chebhuruu che LED chinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kukosha kweklorophyll a/b yeWutacai uye mbesa dzegirini dzegoriki.

Munguva ye senescence, kune cytokinins (CTK), auxin (IAA), abscisic acid content inoshanduka (ABA) uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuchinja mune enzyme basa. Zvinyorwa zvemahomoni emiti zvinokanganiswa nyore nyore nemamiriro echiedza. Hunhu hwechiedza hwakasiyana hune mhedzisiro dzakasiyana dzemahomoni ezvirimwa, uye matanho ekutanga enzira yekuchinjisa chiratidzo chechiedza anosanganisira cytokinins.

CTK inokurudzira kuwedzera kwemasero emashizha, inowedzera photosynthesis yemashizha, ichidzivisa mabasa e ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease uye protease, uye inononoka kuparara kwe nucleic acids, mapuroteni uye chlorophyll, saka inogona kunyanya kunonoka mashizha senescence. Pane kudyidzana pakati pechiedza neCTK-mediated development regulation, uye chiedza chinogona kukurudzira kuwedzera endogenous cytokinin mazinga. Kana matishu echirimwa ari muchimiro chesenescence, endogenous cytokinin yemukati inodzikira.

IAA inonyanya kutariswa muzvikamu zvekukura kwakasimba, uye pane zvishoma zvemukati muchembera tishu kana nhengo. Chiedza cheViolet chinogona kuwedzera chiitiko cheindole acetic acid oxidase, uye yakaderera IAA mazinga anogona kutadzisa kurebesa uye kukura kwezvirimwa.

ABA inonyanya kuumbwa mune senescent mashizha tishu, michero yakakura, mhodzi, madzinde, midzi uye zvimwe zvikamu. Iyo ABA yemukati megaka nekabheji pasi pemusanganiswa wechiedza tsvuku nebhuruu yakadzikira pane yemwenje chena uye yebhuruu mwenje.

Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) inonyanya kukosha uye ine hukama hwekudzivirira ma enzymes mumiti. Kana zvirimwa zvakura, mabasa ema enzymes aya anokurumidza kuderera.

Hunhu hwechiedza hwakasiyana hune mhedzisiro yakakosha pachirimwa antioxidant enzyme zviitiko. Mushure memazuva e9 ekurapwa kwechiedza chitsvuku, basa reAPX rekubatwa chibharo mbesa rakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye basa rePOD rakaderera. Chiitiko chePOD chematomatisi mushure memazuva gumi nemashanu emwenje dzvuku uye mwenje webhuruu chaive chakakwira kupfuura chechiedza chena ne20.9% uye 11.7% zvichiteerana. Mushure memazuva makumi maviri ekurapwa kwegirinhi mwenje, chiitiko chePOD chematomatisi chaive chakaderera, 55.4% chete yechiedza chichena. Kuwedzera 4h mwenje weblue unogona zvakanyanya kuwedzera soluble protein yemukati, POD, SOD, APX, uye CAT enzyme zviitiko mumashizha cucumber padanho rekudyara. Pamusoro pezvo, zviitiko zveSOD neAPX zvishoma nezvishoma zvinodzikira nekurebesa kwechiedza. Chiitiko cheSOD neAPX pasi pechiedza chebhuruu uye mwenje dzvuku chinodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma asi chinogara chiri pamusoro pane icho chechiedza chichena. Red light irradiation yakadzikira zvakanyanya peroxidase uye IAA peroxidase zviitiko zvematomatisi mashizha uye IAA peroxidase yemashizha eggplant, asi yakakonzera peroxidase basa remashizha eggplant kuwedzera zvakanyanya. Naizvozvo, kutora inonzwisisika LED yekuwedzera mwenje nzira inogona kunonoka kunonoka kwezvivakwa zvehorticultural zvirimwa uye kugadzirisa goho uye mhando.

Kuvaka uye kushandiswa kwe LED light formula

Kukura nekusimudzirwa kwezvirimwa zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nehunyoro hwemhando uye huwandu hwayo hwakasiyana hwekuumbwa. Iyo mwenje formula inonyanya kusanganisira akati wandei senge light quality ratio, light intensity, uye light time. Sezvo zvidyarwa zvakasiyana zviine zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana zvechiedza uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvekukura uye nhanho dzebudiriro, yakanakisa musanganiswa wemhando yechiedza, kusimba kwechiedza uye chiedza chekuwedzera nguva inodiwa kune zvirimwa zvakarimwa.

 ◆Chiedza chemagetsi

Kuenzaniswa nechiedza chichena uye chiedza chimwe chete chitsvuku uye chebhuruu, kusanganiswa kwe LED tsvuku uye bhuruu chiedza kune ruzivo rwakakwana pakukura uye kukura kwemagaka nemakabheji.

Kana chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chiri 8: 2, kukora kwemuti, kureba kwechirimwa, chirimwa chakaoma huremu, huremu hutsva, indekisi yakasimba yembesa, nezvimwe, zvinowedzerwa zvakanyanya, uye zvinobatsirawo pakuumbwa kwechloroplast matrix uye. basal lamella uye kubuda kwezvinhu zvekufananidza.

Kushandiswa kwemusanganiswa wemhando dzvuku, girinhi nebhuruu pambeu dzebhinzi dzvuku kunobatsira pakuunganidzwa kwayo kwakaoma, uye mwenje wegirinhi unogona kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kwakaoma kwebhinzi dzvuku. Kukura kunonyanya kuoneka kana reshiyo yemwenje tsvuku, yegirinhi nebhuruu iri 6:2:1. Mbeu yebhinzi tsvuku mhodzi yemuriwo hypocotyl elongation effect ndiyo yakanakisa pasi peyeshiyo tsvuku neblue ye8:1, uye bhinzi dzvuku bhinzi hypocotyl kureba kwaidzivirirwa pasi pechiyero tsvuku nebhuruu che6: 3, asi protein inonyungudika. zvemukati ndizvo zvaive zvepamusoro.

Kana reshiyo yechiedza dzvuku neblue iri 8:1 pambesa dzeloofah, indekisi yakasimba yembesa neshuga inonyungudika yemhodzi dzeloofah ndizvo zvakanyanya. Pakushandisa chiedza chechiedza chine reshiyo yechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu che6: 3, chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, uye soluble protein content yemhodzi dzeloofah ndiyo yaive yepamusoro-soro.

Paunenge uchishandisa chiyero che3: 1 chechiedza chitsvuku uye chebhuruu kune celery, inogona kunyatso kusimudzira kuwedzera kwechirimwa kureba, kureba kwepetiole, nhamba yemashizha, mhando yakaoma, VC yemukati, soluble protein content uye soluble sugar content. Mukurima madomasi, kuwedzera chikamu chechiedza chebhuruu che LED kunokurudzira kuumbwa kwe lycopene, mahara amino acids uye flavonoids, uye kuwedzera chikamu chechiedza chitsvuku kunokurudzira kuumbwa kwetitratable acids. Kana chiedza chine chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku uye chebhuruu kune lettuce mashizha chiri 8: 1, inobatsira kuunganidza carotenoids, uye inobudirira inoderedza zvinyorwa zve nitrate uye inowedzera zvinyorwa zveVC.

 ◆Kusimba kwechiedza

Zvirimwa zvinokura pasi pechiedza chisina simba zvinonyanya kubatwa ne photoinhibition pane pasi pechiedza chakasimba. Iyo mambure ephotosynthetic chiyero chemhodzi dzemadomasi inowedzera nekuwedzera kwekusimba kwechiedza [50, 150, 200, 300, 450, 550μmol/(m²·s)], ichiratidza maitiro ekutanga kuwedzera uye kuderera, uye pa300μmol/(m²). ·s) kusvika pakakwirira. Kureba kwechirimwa, nzvimbo yeshizha, mvura yemukati uye VC yemukati ye lettuce yakawedzera zvakanyanya pasi pe150μmol/(m²·s) light intensity kurapwa. Pasi pe200μmol/(m²·s) kurapwa kwesimba, huremu hutsva, huremu hwakazara uye zvirimo zvemahara amino acid zvakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye pasi pekurapwa kwe300μmol/(m²·s) kusimba kwechiedza, nzvimbo yeshizha, mvura yemukati. , chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b uye carotenoids yelettuce zvese zvakadzikira. Zvichienzaniswa nerima, nekuwedzera kwe LED kukura chiedza chechiedza [3, 9, 15 μmol/(m²·s)], zvinyorwa zve chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, uye chlorophyll a+b yemashizha ebhinzi nhema yakawedzera zvakanyanya. Iyo VC yemukati ndiyo yepamusoro-soro pa 3μmol/(m²·s), uye protein inonyungudika, shuga inonyungudika uye sucrose zviri pa 9μmol/(m²·s). Pasi pemamiriro ekushisa akafanana, nekuwedzera kwechiedza chechiedza [(2~2.5)lx×103 lx, (4~4.5)lx×103 lx, (6~6.5)lx×103 lx], nguva yekudyara mbesa dzepepper. yakapfupikiswa, zviri mukati meshuga yakanyungudika yakawedzera, asi zvirimo zve chlorophyll a uye carotenoids zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaderera.

 ◆Nguva yechiedza

Kurebesa nguva yechiedza nenzira kwayo kunogona kuderedza kuderera kwechiedza chinokonzerwa nekusakwana kwechiedza kusvika pamwero wakati, kubatsira kuunganidzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvephotosynthetic zvezvirimwa zvehorticultural, uye kuwana mhedzisiro yekuwedzera goho nekuvandudza mhando. Zvimiro zveVC zvemabukira zvakaratidza kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma pamwe nekurebesa kwenguva yechiedza (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20h/zuva), nepo zvemahara amino acid zvirimo, SOD neCAT zviitiko zvese zvakaratidza kuderera. Nekurebesa kwenguva yechiedza (12, 15, 18h), huremu hutsva hweChinese cabbage zvirimwa hwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Izvo zviri mukati meVC mumashizha uye mashanga eChinese cabbage yaive yepamusoro pa15 uye 12h, zvichiteerana. Protein yakanyungudika yemashizha eChinese cabbage yakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi mashanga aive akakwirira mushure me15h. Iyo inonyungudika yeshuga yeChinese kabichi mashizha zvishoma nezvishoma yakawedzera, nepo mashanga aive akanyanya pa12h. Kana chiyero chechiedza tsvuku nebhuruu chiri 1: 2, zvichienzaniswa ne12h chiedza chenguva, 20h chiedza kurapwa kunoderedza hukama hwehuwandu hwe phenols uye flavonoids mumashizha emashizha emashizha, asi kana chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chiri 2: 1, iyo 20h chiedza kurapwa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya hukama hwehuwandu hwe phenols uye flavonoids mu green leaf lettuce.

Kubva pane zviri pamusoro, zvinogona kuoneka kuti mafomula akasiyana emwenje ane mhedzisiro dzakasiyana paphotosynthesis, photomorphogenesis uye kabhoni uye nitrogen metabolism yemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa. Maitiro ekuwana yakanakisa mwenje formula, mwenje sosi kumisikidzwa uye kugadzirwa kwehungwaru kudzora nzira kunoda mhando dzezvirimwa sepokutangira, uye, kugadzirisa kwakakodzera kunofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvezvirimwa zvehorticultural, zvinangwa zvekugadzira, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, nezvimwe. kuzadzisa chinangwa chehungwaru kutonga kwenzvimbo yechiedza uye yakakwirira-yepamusoro uye yepamusoro-yegoho horticultural zvirimwa pasi pemamiriro ekuchengetedza simba.

Matambudziko aripo uye tarisiro

Iyo yakakosha mukana we LED kukura mwenje ndeyekuti inogona kugadzira yakangwara musanganiswa gadziriso zvinoenderana neinodiwa spectrum yephotosynthetic maitiro, morphology, mhando uye goho rezvirimwa zvakasiyana. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa uye nguva dzekukura dzakasiyana dzechirimwa chimwe zvese zvine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana pamhando yechiedza, kusimba kwechiedza uye photoperiod. Izvi zvinoda kumwe kuvandudzwa nekuvandudzwa kwekutsvagisa kwefomula yemwenje kuti igadzire dhatabhesi hombe refomula. Yakasanganiswa nekutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwemarambi ehunyanzvi, iyo yakanyanya kukosha yemwenje yekuwedzera ye LED mune zvekurima zvekushandisa inogona kuitika, kuitira kuchengetedza zvirinani simba, kunatsiridza kugadzirwa kwekugadzira uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi. Kushandiswa kwe LED kukura mwenje munzvimbo yehorticulture kwakaratidza simba rakasimba, asi mutengo wemidziyo yekuvhenekesa LED kana michina wakakwira zvakanyanya, uye mari yenguva imwe chete yakakura. Iyo yekuwedzera mwenje zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa zvakasiyana pasi pezvakasiyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza hazvina kujeka, iyo yekuwedzera mwenje spectrum, Kusimba kusinganzwisisike uye nguva yekukura kwechiedza zvinokonzeresa matambudziko akasiyana mukushandiswa kwekukura kwemwenje indasitiri.

Nekudaro, nekufambira mberi nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye kudzikiswa kwemutengo wekugadzira we LED kukura mwenje, mwenje wekuwedzera we LED uchashandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekurima. Panguva imwecheteyo, kusimudzira uye kufambira mberi kweiyo LED yekuwedzera mwenje tekinoroji system uye kusanganiswa kwesimba idzva kuchagonesa kukurumidza kusimudzira kwekurima kwenzvimbo, kurima kwemhuri, kurima kwemadhorobha uye kurima kwemuchadenga kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevanhu zvezvirimwa zvekurima munzvimbo dzakakosha.