Munyori: Yamin Li naHoucheng Liu, nezvimwewo, vanobva kuKoreji yeHorticulture, South China Agriculture University

Chinyorwa Chinobva: Greenhouse Horticulture

Mhando dzezvivakwa zvekurima zvirimwa dzinosanganisira magreenhouse epurasitiki, magreenhouse ezuva, magreenhouse ane span yakawanda, uye mafekitori emiti. Nekuti zvivakwa zvezvivakwa zvinovhara matsime echiedza chechisikigo kusvika pamwero wakati, hapana chiedza chakakwana chemukati, izvo zvinoderedza goho rezvirimwa uye mhando. Naizvozvo, chiedza chekuwedzera chinoita basa rinokosha muzvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvinobereka goho guru zvechivako, asi chavewo chinhu chikuru mukuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwesimba uye mari yekushanda muchivako.

Kwenguva yakareba, maturusi emwenje ekugadzira anoshandiswa mumunda wekurima zvirimwa anosanganisira rambi re sodium rine simba rakawanda, rambi re fluorescent, rambi re halogen resimbi, rambi re incandescent, nezvimwewo. Zvakashata zvikuru kugadzirwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya, kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye mari yakawanda yekushanda. Kugadzirwa kwechiedza chechizvarwa chitsva chinoburitsa chiedza (LED) kunoita kuti zvikwanisike kushandisa chiedza chemagetsi chine simba shoma mumunda wekurima zvirimwa. LED ine zvakanakira kushanda zvakanaka kwe photoelectric, simba re DC, vhoriyamu diki, hupenyu hurefu, kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, wavelength yakagadzika, mwaranzi yakaderera yekupisa uye dziviriro yezvakatipoteredza. Zvichienzaniswa nerambi re sodium rine simba rakawanda uye rambi re fluorescent rinowanzoshandiswa pari zvino, LED haingogone kugadzirisa huwandu hwechiedza nemhando (chikamu chemwenje yakasiyana-siyana) zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nekukura kwezvirimwa, uye inogona kuvhenekera zvirimwa zviri pedyo nekuda kwechiedza chayo chinotonhora, Saka, huwandu hwezvikamu zvekurima uye mwero wekushandiswa kwenzvimbo zvinogona kuvandudzwa, uye mabasa ekuchengetedza simba, dziviriro yezvakatipoteredza uye kushandiswa zvakanaka kwenzvimbo izvo zvisingagone kutsiviwa nechiedza chekare zvinogona kuitwa.

Zvichibva pamabhenefiti aya, LED yave kushandiswa zvinobudirira mumwenje wekurima, tsvakiridzo yekutanga yenzvimbo inodzorwa, kurimwa kwemiti, zvirimwa zvefekitori yezvirimwa uye ecosystem yemuchadenga. Mumakore achangopfuura, mashandiro emwenje yekukura kwe LED ari kuvandudzika, mutengo uri kudzikira, uye mhando dzese dzezvigadzirwa zvine mawavelength chaiwo dziri kugadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma, saka kushandiswa kwayo mumunda wekurima nebiology kuchave kwakakura.

Chinyorwa chino chinopfupikisa mamiriro ekutsvagisa kwe LED mumunda wekurima horticulture, chinotarisa pakushandiswa kwechiedza che LED mu light biology foundation, LED grow lights pakugadzira plant light, hutano hwekudya uye mhedzisiro yekunonoka kukwegura, kuvakwa nekushandiswa kwe light formula, uye kuongorora nekutarisira matambudziko aripo uye tarisiro ye LED supplemental light technology.

Mhedzisiro yechiedza che LED pakukura kwezvirimwa zvekurima

Mhedzisiro yechiedza pakukura nekukura kwemiti inosanganisira kumera kwembeu, kureba kwehunde, kukura kwemashizha nemidzi, phototropism, kugadzirwa kwechlorophyll nekuora, uye kupinza maruva. ​​Zvinhu zvechiedza munzvimbo ino zvinosanganisira kupenya kwechiedza, kutenderera kwechiedza uye kugoverwa kwespectral. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa nekuwedzera kwechiedza chekugadzira pasina kudziviswa kwemamiriro ekunze.

Parizvino, kune mhando nhatu dzema photoreceptors mumiti: phytochrome (inotora chiedza chitsvuku nechiedza chitsvuku), cryptochrome (inotora chiedza chebhuruu nechiedza chepedyo che ultraviolet) uye UV-A neUV-B. Kushandiswa kwechiedza chewavelength chaiyo kunwisa zvirimwa kunogona kuvandudza kushanda kwe photosynthesis kwemiti, kukurumidzisa morphogenesis yechiedza, uye kukurudzira kukura nekukura kwemiti. Chiedza cheorenji chitsvuku (610 ~ 720 nm) nechiedza chebhuruu violet (400 ~ 510 nm) zvakashandiswa mu photosynthesis yemiti. Uchishandisa tekinoroji ye LED, chiedza che monochromatic (senge chiedza chitsvuku chine peak ye 660nm, chiedza chebhuruu chine peak ye 450nm, nezvimwewo) chinogona kuratidzwa zvichienderana nebhendi re chlorophyll rakasimba kwazvo, uye upamhi hwe spectral domain hunongova ± 20 nm.

Pari zvino zvinotendwa kuti chiedza chetsvuku-orenji chichakurumidzisa kukura kwezvirimwa, kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakaoma, kuumbwa kwemababu, tuber, mashizha emashizha nedzimwe nhengo dzemiti, kukonzera kuti zvirimwa zvitumbuke uye zvibereke michero kare, uye zvinotungamira mukuwedzera ruvara rwezvirimwa; Chiedza chebhuruu neruvara rwepepuru chinogona kudzora phototropism yemashizha emiti, kukurudzira kuvhurika kwestomata nekufamba kwechloroplast, kudzivirira kureba kwehunde, kudzivirira kureba kwezvirimwa, kunonoka kutumbuka kwezvirimwa, uye kukurudzira kukura kwenhengo dzinomera; kusanganiswa kwema LED matsvuku nebhuruu kunogona kutsiva chiedza chisina kukwana cheruvara rumwe chete rwezviviri uye kugadzira peak yekunyudzwa kwespectral iyo inoenderana ne crop photosynthesis uye morphology. Mwero wekushandiswa kwesimba rechiedza unogona kusvika 80% kusvika 90%, uye simba rekuchengetedza simba rakakosha.

Zvine mwenje ye LED yekuwedzera mukurima kwezvirimwa zvinogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kugadzirwa. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti huwandu hwemichero, huwandu hwese hwemichero uye huremu hwematomatisi echerry imwe neimwe pasi pechiedza chekuwedzera che 300 μmol/(m²·s) LED strips nema LED tubes kwemaawa gumi nemaviri (8:00-20:00) zvakawedzerwa zvakanyanya. Mwenje wekuwedzera we LED strip wakawedzera ne42.67%, 66.89% uye 16.97% zvichiteerana, uye mwenje we LED tube wakawedzera ne48.91%, 94.86% uye 30.86% zvichiteerana. Mwenje we LED we LED grow light fixture munguva yese yekukura [chiyero chemwenje mutsvuku nebhuruu i3:2, uye simba remwenje i300 μmol/(m²·s)] unogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya mhando yemuchero mumwe chete uye goho pachikamu chimwe che chiehwa ne eggplant. Chikuquan yakawedzera ne5.3% ne15.6%, uye eggplant yakawedzera ne7.6% ne7.8%. Kuburikidza nehunhu hwemwenje we LED uye kusimba kwayo uye nguva yekukura kwayo, kutenderera kwekukura kwezvirimwa kunogona kupfupikiswa, goho rekutengesa, hunhu hwekudya uye kukosha kwechimiro chezvigadzirwa zvekurima zvinogona kuvandudzwa, uye kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvekurima zvine hungwaru, kuchengetedza simba uye kugona.

Kushandiswa kwechiedza che LED mukurima mbeu dzemuriwo

Kudzora chimiro chemiti, kukura kwayo nekukura kwayo uchishandisa chiedza che LED inyanzvi yakakosha mumunda wekurima greenhouse. Zvirimwa zvepamusoro zvinogona kunzwa nekugamuchira zviratidzo zvechiedza kuburikidza nemasisitimu e photoreceptor akadai se phytochrome, cryptochrome, uye photoreceptor, uye zvinoita shanduko dzechimiro kuburikidza nevatumwa vemukati memasero kuti vatonge tishu dzemiti nenhengo. Photomorphogenesis zvinoreva kuti zvirimwa zvinovimba nechiedza kudzora kusiyana kwemasero, shanduko dzechimiro uye mashandiro ayo, pamwe nekuumbwa kwenyama nenhengo, kusanganisira simba rekumera kwembeu dzimwe, kukurudzira kutonga kwe apical, kudzivirira kukura kwe lateral bud, stem elongation, uye tropism.

Kurima mhodzi dzemuriwo chikamu chakakosha chekurima kwenzvimbo. Mvura inonaya nguva dzose inokonzera chiedza chisina kukwana munzvimbo yacho, uye mhodzi dzinogona kureba, izvo zvinokanganisa kukura kwemuriwo, kusiyana kwemabukira emaruva nekukura kwemichero, uye pakupedzisira zvinokanganisa goho rawo uye kunaka kwawo. Mukugadzira, mamwe magadzirirwo ekukura kwemiti, akadai segibberellin, auxin, paclobutrazol uye chlormequat, anoshandiswa kudzora kukura kwemiti. Zvisinei, kushandiswa zvisina musoro kwevagadziri vekukura kwemiti kunogona kusvibisa nharaunda yemuriwo nenzvimbo, hutano hwevanhu husina kunaka.

Mwenje wekuwedzera we LED une mabhenefiti akawanda akasiyana emwenje wekuwedzera, uye inzira inogoneka yekushandisa mwenje wekuwedzera we LED kukudza mbesa. Mukuyedza kwemwenje wekuwedzera we LED [25±5 μmol/(m²·s)] kwakaitwa pasi pechiedza chidiki [0~35 μmol/(m²·s)], zvakaonekwa kuti mwenje wegirini unokurudzira kureba nekukura kwembesa dzemacucumber. Mwenje mutsvuku nechiedza chebhuruu zvinodzivisa kukura kwembesa. Zvichienzaniswa nechiedza chechisikigo chisina simba, chiyero chakasimba chembesa chembesa chakawedzerwa nechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chakawedzera ne151.26% uye 237.98%, zvichiteerana. Zvichienzaniswa nechiedza chemonochromatic, chiyero chembesa dzakasimba dzine zvikamu zvitsvuku nebhuruu pasi pekurapwa kwechiedza chekuwedzera chemagetsi chakawedzera ne304.46%.

Kuwedzera chiedza chitsvuku kumbeu dzemacucumber kunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwemashizha chaiwo, nzvimbo yemashizha, kureba kwemuti, dhayamita yehunde, mhando yakaoma uye itsva, indekisi yakasimba yembeu, simba remidzi, basa reSOD uye huwandu hweprotein inonyunguduka mumbeu dzemacucumber. Kuwedzera UV-B kunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwechlorophyll a, chlorophyll b uye carotenoids mumashizha embeu dzemacucumber. Zvichienzaniswa nechiedza chechisikigo, kuwedzera chiedza cheLED chitsvuku nebhuruu kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya nzvimbo yemashizha, mhando yechinhu chakaoma uye indekisi yakasimba yembeu dzematomatisi. Kuwedzera chiedza chitsvuku cheLED nechiedza chegirini kunowedzera zvakanyanya kureba uye ukobvu hwehunde hwembeu dzematomatisi. Kurapa kwechiedza chekuwedzera chemwenje cheLED chegirini kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya biomass yembeu dzemacucumber nematomatisi, uye huremu hutsva uye hwakaoma hwembeu hunowedzera nekuwedzera kwechiedza chekuwedzera chemwenje chegirini, nepo hunde yakakora uye indekisi yakasimba yembeu dzematomatisi zvese zvichitevera chiedza chekuwedzera chemwenje chegirini. Kuwedzera kwesimba kunowedzera. Kusanganiswa kwechiedza cheLED chitsvuku nebhuruu kunogona kuwedzera ukobvu hwehunde, nzvimbo yemashizha, huremu hwakaoma hwechirimwa chose, chiyero chemidzi nenhungirwa, uye indekisi yakasimba yembeu yebhinzi. Kana tichienzanisa nechiedza chichena, chiedza chitsvuku che LED chinogona kuwedzera huwandu hwembeu dzemakabheji uye kukurudzira kukura kwenguva refu uye kukura kwemashizha embeu dzemakabheji. Chiedza chebhuruu che LED chinokurudzira kukura kwakakora, kuunganidzwa kwezvimedu zvakaoma uye kukura kwakasimba kwembeu dzemakabheji, uye chinoita kuti mbeu dzemakabheji dzive diki. Mhedzisiro iri pamusoro inoratidza kuti zvakanakira mbeu dzemiriwo dzinorimwa nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa chiedza zviri pachena.

Mhedzisiro yemwenje we LED pahutano hwemichero nemiriwo

Mapuroteni, shuga, organic acid uye vhitamini zviri mumichero nemiriwo ndizvo zvinhu zvinovaka muviri zvinobatsira hutano hwevanhu. Hunhu hwechiedza hunogona kukanganisa huwandu hweVC muzvirimwa nekudzora mashandiro eVC synthesis uye decomposing enzyme, uye hunogona kudzora metabolism yemapuroteni uye kuunganidzwa kwemakabhohaidhiretsi muzvirimwa zvekurima. Mwenje mutsvuku unokurudzira kuunganidzwa kwemakabhohaidhiretsi, kurapwa kwechiedza chebhuruu kunobatsira pakuumbwa kwemapuroteni, nepo kusanganiswa kwechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu kunogona kuvandudza hutano hwezvirimwa zvakanyanya kupfuura hwechiedza chemonochromatic.

Kuwedzera chiedza che LED chitsvuku kana chebhuruu kunogona kuderedza huwandu hwe nitrate mu lettuce, kuwedzera chiedza che LED chebhuruu kana chegirini kunogona kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kweshuga inonyunguduka mu lettuce, uye kuwedzera chiedza che LED che infrared kunobatsira pakuunganidzwa kweVC mu lettuce. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzerwa kwechiedza chebhuruu kunogona kuvandudza huwandu hweVC uye huwandu hweprotein inonyunguduka mu domasi; chiedza chitsvuku nechiedza chebhuruu chitsvuku zvinogona kusimudzira huwandu hweshuga ne acid mu domasi, uye chiyero cheshuga ne acid chaive chepamusoro pasi pechiedza chebhuruu chitsvuku; chiedza chebhuruu chitsvuku chinogona kuvandudza huwandu hweVC mu domasi.

Ma phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins nezvimwe zvinhu zviri mumichero nemiriwo hazvina chete simba guru paruvara, kunaka uye kukosha kwezvinhu zvemichero nemiriwo, asiwo zvine simba rekuchengetedza ma antioxidants, uye zvinogona kudzivirira kana kubvisa ma free radicals mumuviri wemunhu.

Kushandisa chiedza chebhuruu che LED kuwedzera chiedza kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwe anthocyanin muganda re eggplant ne73.6%, ukuwo kushandisa chiedza chitsvuku che LED pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu kunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwe flavonoids uye total phenols. Chiedza chebhuruu chinogona kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kwe lycopene, flavonoids uye anthocyanins mumichero yematomatisi. Kusanganiswa kwechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu kunokurudzira kugadzirwa kwe anthocyanins kusvika pamwero wakati, asi kunodzivisa kugadzirwa kwe flavonoids. Kana tichienzanisa nekurapa chiedza chichena, kurapwa kwechiedza chitsvuku kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwe anthocyanin mu lettuce shoots, asi kurapwa kwechiedza chebhuruu kune huwandu hwakaderera hwe anthocyanin. Huwandu hwe phenol hwe lettuce yegreen leaf, purple leaf nered leaf hwaive hwakakwira pasi pechiedza chichena, red-blue yakabatana chiedza neblue leaf, asi ndiyo yaive yakaderera pasi pekurapa kwechiedza chitsvuku. Kuwedzera chiedza che LED ultraviolet kana orange light kunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwe phenolic compounds mu lettuce, ukuwo kuwedzera chiedza chegirini kunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwe anthocyanins. Saka, kushandiswa kwemwenje we LED grow inzira inoshanda yekugadzirisa hutano hwemichero nemiriwo mukurima kwezvirimwa.

Mhedzisiro yemwenje we LED pakudzivirira kukwegura kwemiti

Kuora kwechlorophyll, kurasikirwa nekukurumidza kwemapuroteni uye RNA hydrolysis panguva yekuchembera kwemiti zvinonyanya kuoneka sekuchembera kwemashizha. Machloroplast anonyanya kunzwa shanduko munzvimbo yechiedza chekunze, kunyanya inokanganiswa nemhando yechiedza. Mwenje mutsvuku, chiedza chebhuruu uye chiedza chakabatana chetsvuku-bhuruu zvinobatsira morphogenesis yechloroplast, chiedza chebhuruu chinobatsira kuunganidzwa kwezviyo zvestarch mumachloroplast, uye, chiedza chitsvuku nechiedza chitsvuku-kuruka zvine mhedzisiro yakaipa pakukura kwechloroplast. Kusanganiswa kwechiedza chebhuruu nechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu kunogona kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwechlorophyll mumashizha emhodzi dzemacucumber, uye kusanganiswa kwechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu kunogonawo kunonotsa kudzikira kwehuwandu hwechlorophyll muchikamu chekupedzisira. Mhedzisiro iyi inonyanya kuoneka nekudzikira kwechiyero chechiedza chitsvuku uye kuwedzera kwechiyero chechiedza chebhuruu. Huwandu hwechlorophyll mumashizha emhodzi dzemacucumber pasi pekurapa kwechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu kwaive kwakanyanya kupfuura pasi pekutonga kwechiedza chefluorescent uye kurapwa kwechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu che monochromatic. Mwenje webhuruu weLED unogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kukosha kwechlorophyll a/b yeWutacai nembeu dzegariki dzegirini.

Munguva yekuyaruka, pane ma cytokinins (CTK), auxin (IAA), abscisic acid content changes (ABA) uye shanduko dzakasiyana-siyana mukushanda kwema enzyme. Hunhu hwema hormone emiti hunokanganiswa nyore nyore nemamiriro echiedza. Hunhu hwakasiyana hwechiedza hune mhedzisiro yakasiyana pakutonga kwema hormone emiti, uye matanho ekutanga enzira yekupa chiratidzo chechiedza anosanganisira ma cytokinins.

CTK inokurudzira kukura kwemasero emashizha, inowedzera photosynthesis yemashizha, ukuwo ichidzivisa mashandiro e ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease ne protease, uye inononotsa kuparara kwe nucleic acids, mapuroteni ne chlorophyll, saka inogona kunonotsa zvakanyanya kusakura kwemashizha. Pane hukama pakati pechiedza ne CTK-mediated development regulation, uye chiedza chinogona kukurudzira kuwedzera kwemazinga e cytokinin e endogenous. Kana zvirimwa zviri muchimiro chekusakura, huwandu hwazvo hwe cytokinin endogenous hunoderera.

IAA inonyanya kuunganidzwa muzvikamu zvinokura nesimba, uye hapana zvakawanda zviri munyama kana nhengo dzinokura. Mwenje weviolet unogona kuwedzera kushanda kweindole acetic acid oxidase, uye mazinga akaderera eIAA anogona kudzivirira kureba nekukura kwezvirimwa.

ABA inonyanya kuumbwa mumashizha achangoburwa, michero yakakura, mbeu, madzinde, midzi nezvimwe zvikamu. Huwandu hweABA huri mucucumber nekabheji pasi pemusanganiswa wechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu hwakaderera pane hwechiedza chichena nechiedza chebhuruu.

Peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) ndiwo maenzyme anodzivirira akakosha uye ane chekuita nechiedza muzvirimwa. Kana zvirimwa zvikakura, mashandiro emaenzyme aya anodzikira nekukurumidza.

Hunhu hwakasiyana hwechiedza hune mhedzisiro yakakura pamabasa e enzymes dzinorwisa antioxidant yemiti. Mushure memazuva mapfumbamwe ekurapwa nechiedza chitsvuku, basa reAPX rembeu dzerape rakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye basa rePOD rakaderera. Basa rePOD rematomatisi mushure memazuva gumi nemashanu ekurapwa nechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu raive rakakwirira kupfuura rechiedza chichena ne20.9% uye 11.7%, zvichiteerana. Mushure memazuva makumi maviri ekurapwa nechiedza chitsvuku, basa rePOD rematomatisi raive rakaderera, 55.4% chete yechiedza chichena. Kuwedzera chiedza chebhuruu kwemaawa mana kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hweprotein inonyunguduka, mabasa ePOD, SOD, APX, uye CAT enzyme mumashizha ecucumber padanho rembeu. Pamusoro pezvo, mabasa eSOD neAPX anodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma nekurebesa kwechiedza. Basa reSOD neAPX pasi pechiedza chebhuruu nechiedza chitsvuku rinodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma asi rinogara rakakwirira kupfuura rechiedza chichena. Kupiswa nechiedza chitsvuku kwakaderedza zvakanyanya mabasa eperoxidase neIAA peroxidase emashizha ematomatisi neIAA peroxidase yemashizha eeggplant, asi kwakakonzera kuti basa reperoxidase remashizha eeggplant riwedzere zvakanyanya. Saka, kushandisa nzira yakanaka yekuwedzera mwenje we LED kunogona kunonotsa kukwegura kwezvirimwa zvekurima uye kuwedzera goho nehunhu.

Kuvaka nekushandisa fomura yemwenje ye LED

Kukura nekukura kwezvirimwa kunokanganiswa zvakanyanya nehunhu hwechiedza uye huwandu hwakasiyana hwekuumbwa kwacho. Fomura yechiedza inonyanya kusanganisira zvinhu zvakati wandei zvakaita sehuwandu hwechiedza, simba rechiedza, uye nguva yechiedza. Sezvo zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvechiedza uye matanho akasiyana ekukura nekukura, musanganiswa wakanakisa wehunhu hwechiedza, simba rechiedza nenguva yekuwedzera chiedza unodiwa kune zvirimwa zvinorimwa.

 ◆Chiyero chechiedza

Zvichienzaniswa nechiedza chichena nechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chimwe chete, kusanganiswa kwechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu che LED kune mukana wakakwana pakukura nekukura kwembeu dzemagaka nekabheji.

Kana chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chiri 8:2, ukobvu hwehunde yemuti, kureba kwemuti, huremu hwakaoma hwemuti, huremu hutsva, indekisi yakasimba yembeu, nezvimwewo, zvinowedzerwa zvakanyanya, uye zvinobatsirawo pakuumbwa kwechloroplast matrix ne basal lamella uye kubuda kwezvinhu zvinoita kuti zvirimwa zvibatane.

Kushandiswa kwemusanganiswa wemhando yetsvuku, girini nebhuruu pakugadzira michero yebhinzi dzvuku kunobatsira pakuunganidzwa kwayo kwezvirimwa zvakaoma, uye chiedza chegirini chinogona kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kwezvirimwa zvakaoma zvebhinzi dzvuku. Kukura kwacho kunonyanya kuoneka kana chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku, girini nebhuruu chiri 6:2:1. Mhedzisiro yekukura kwembeu dzvuku yembeu yemuriwo wehypocotyl ndiyo yaive yakanakisa pasi pechiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu che8:1, uye chidimbu chebvudzi dzvuku chehypocotyl chakanga chakadziviswa zviri pachena pasi pechiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu che6:3, asi huwandu hweprotein inonyungudika ndiyo yaive yakakwira.

Kana chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chiri 8:1 pambeu dzeloofah, chiyero chakasimba chembeu uye huwandu hweshuga inonyungudika mumbeu dzeloofah ndizvo zvakanyanya. Kana uchishandisa hunhu hwechiedza chine chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu che6:3, huwandu hwechlorophyll a, huwandu hwechlorophyll a/b, uye huwandu hweprotein inonyungudika mumbeu dzeloofah ndizvo zvakanyanya.

Kana uchishandisa chiyero che3:1 chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu kune celery, zvinogona kukurudzira kuwedzera kwehurefu hwechirimwa checelery, kureba kwepetiole, huwandu hwemashizha, mhando yedry matter, huwandu hweVC, huwandu hweprotein inonyungudika uye huwandu hweshuga inonyungudika. Mukurima madomasi, kuwedzera huwandu hwechiedza chebhuruu che LED kunokurudzira kuumbwa kwe lycopene, maamino acids emahara uye flavonoids, uye kuwedzera huwandu hwechiedza chitsvuku kunokurudzira kuumbwa kwemaacids anogona kuverengerwa. Kana chiedza chine chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu kumashizha e lettuce chiri 8:1, zvinobatsira pakuunganidzwa kwema carotenoids, uye zvinobudirira zvinoderedza huwandu hwe nitrate uye zvinowedzera huwandu hweVC.

 ◆Kupenya kwechiedza

Zvirimwa zvinokura pasi pechiedza chisina simba zvinokurumidza kubatwa nechiedza chinodzikamisa chiedza kupfuura pasi pechiedza chakasimba. Mwero wekugadzira madomasi unowedzera nekuwedzera kwechiedza [50, 150, 200, 300, 450, 550μmol/(m²·s)], zvichiratidza kuti zvinotanga kuwedzera uye zvichidzikira, uye pa300μmol/(m²·s) kusvika pakakwirira. Kureba kwemuti, nzvimbo yemashizha, huwandu hwemvura uye huwandu hweVC hwelettuce zvakawedzera zvakanyanya pasi pe150μmol/(m²·s) kurapwa kwechiedza. Pasi pe200μmol/(m²·s) kurapwa kwechiedza, huremu hutsva, huremu hwese uye huwandu hweamino acid yakasununguka zvakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye pasi pekurapa kwe300μmol/(m²·s) chiedza, nzvimbo yemashizha, huwandu hwemvura, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b uye carotenoids yelettuce zvese zvakadzikira. Zvichienzaniswa nerima, nekuwedzera kwechiedza che LED [3, 9, 15 μmol/(m²·s)], huwandu hwe chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, uye chlorophyll a+b hwe black bean sprouts hwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Huwandu hweVC hwakanyanya pa 3μmol/(m²·s), uye huwandu hwe protein inonyungudika, shuga inonyungudika uye sucrose hwakanyanya pa 9μmol/(m²·s). Pasi pemamiriro ekupisa akafanana, nekuwedzera kwechiedza [(2~2.5)lx×103 lx, (4~4.5)lx×103 lx, (6~6.5)lx×103 lx], nguva yembeu dzemhiripiri inopfupikiswa, huwandu hweshuga inonyungudika hwakawedzera, asi huwandu hwe chlorophyll a uye carotenoids hwakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma.

 ◆Nguva yechiedza

Kurebesa nguva yechiedza nemazvo kunogona kuderedza kushushikana kwechiedza kushoma kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwechiedza chakawanda kusvika pamwero wakati, kubatsira kuunganidzwa kwezvigadzirwa zve photosynthetic zvezvirimwa zvekurima, uye kuwana mhedzisiro yekuwedzera goho nekuvandudza mhando. Huwandu hweVC hwema sprouts hwakaratidza mafambiro anowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nekurebesa kwenguva yechiedza (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20h/zuva), nepo huwandu hweamino acid, SOD neCAT zvese zvakaratidza mafambiro akaderera. Nekuwedzera kwenguva yechiedza (12, 15, 18h), huremu hutsva hwezvirimwa zveChinese cabbage hwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Huwandu hweVC mumashizha nemadzinde eChinese cabbage hwaive hwakanyanya pa15 ne12h, zvichiteerana. Huwandu hweprotein inonyungudika mumashizha eChinese cabbage hwakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi madzinde ndiwo akanyanya mushure memaawa gumi nemashanu. Huwandu hweshuga inonyungudika mumashizha eChinese cabbage hwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, nepo madzinde acho akanyanya pa12h. Kana chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chiri 1:2, zvichienzaniswa nenguva yechiedza yemaawa gumi nemaviri, kurapwa kwechiedza kwemaawa makumi maviri kunoderedza huwandu hwemaphenols nemaflavonoids mulettuce yemashizha matema, asi kana chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chiri 2:1, kurapwa kwechiedza kwemaawa makumi maviri kwakawedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwemaphenols nemaflavonoids mulettuce yemashizha matema.

Kubva pane zviri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mafomura akasiyana echiedza ane mhedzisiro yakasiyana pa photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis uye kabhoni nenitrogen metabolism yemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa. Maitiro ekuwana fomura yechiedza yakanakisa, kurongeka kwechiedza uye kuumbwa kwenzira dzekudzora dzakangwara zvinoda kuti mhando dzezvirimwa dzive pokutangira, uye, kugadziriswa kwakakodzera kunofanirwa kuitwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nezvirimwa zvekurima, zvinangwa zvekugadzira, zvinhu zvekugadzira, nezvimwewo, kuti kuzadzisa chinangwa chekudzora kwakangwara kwenzvimbo yechiedza uye zvirimwa zvekurima zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvinobereka goho guru mumamiriro ekuchengetedza simba.

Matambudziko aripo uye tarisiro dziripo

Chinhu chakakosha chechiedza che LED grow light ndechekuti chinogona kugadzirisa zvinhu zvine hungwaru zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvinodiwa zve photosynthetic hunhu, morphology, mhando uye goho rezvirimwa zvakasiyana. Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa nenguva dzakasiyana dzekukura kwechirimwa chimwe chete dzine zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemhando yechiedza, simba rechiedza uye nguva ye photoperiod. Izvi zvinoda kuvandudzwa kwakawanda uye kuvandudzwa kwetsvakiridzo ye formula yechiedza kuti pave nedhatabhesi hombe ye formula yechiedza. Pamwe chete nekutsvaga nekugadzira marambi ehunyanzvi, kukosha kwakanyanya kwe LED supplementary lights mukushandiswa kwekurima kunogona kuwanikwa, kuitira kuchengetedza simba zviri nani, kuvandudza kushanda kwekugadzira uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi. Kushandiswa kwe LED grow light mu facility horticulture kwakaratidza simba rakasimba, asi mutengo we LED lighting equipment kana zvishandiso wakakwira, uye mari inodyarwa kamwe chete yakakura. Zvinodiwa zve supplement light zvezvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana pasi pemamiriro akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza hazvina kujeka, supplement light spectrum, Simba risingakoshi nenguva ye grow light zvichakonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana mukushandiswa kwe grow lighting industry.

Zvisinei, nekufambira mberi nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye kudzikiswa kwemitengo yekugadzira mwenje we LED grow light, mwenje we LED wekuwedzera uchashandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima zvirimwa. Panguva imwe chete, kuvandudzwa nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji ye LED yekuwedzera mwenje pamwe nekusanganiswa kwesimba idzva zvichagonesa kukura nekukurumidza kwekurima zvirimwa, kurima kwemhuri, kurima kwemaguta uye kurima kwemuchadenga kuti zvigutse zvinodiwa nevanhu zvezvirimwa zvekurima munzvimbo dzakakosha.