Munyori: Jing Zhao，Zengchan Zhou，Yunlong Bu,etc.Source Media:Agricultural Engineering Technology (greenhouse horticulture)

Iyo fekitori yekudyara inosanganisa indasitiri yemazuva ano, biotechnology, nutrient hydroponics uye ruzivo tekinoroji yekushandisa yakakwirira-chaiyo kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu munzvimbo.Iyo yakavharirwa zvizere, ine zvakaderera zvinodiwa panharaunda yakatenderedza, inopfupisa nguva yekukohwa chirimwa, inochengetedza mvura nefetereza, uye nezvakanakira zvisiri zvekugadzira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye pasina kuraswa kwemarara, iyo unit yekushandiswa kwevhu inobudirira ndeye 40 kusvika 108 nguva dzeiyo. yekugadzirwa kwemunda wakavhurika.Pakati pazvo, hungwaru hwekugadzira mwenje sosi uye chiedza chayo nharaunda kudzora kunoita basa rakasimba mukuita kwayo kugadzira.

Sechinhu chakakosha chemamiriro ekunze, chiedza chinoita basa rakakosha mukugadzirisa kukura kwechirimwa uye metabolism yezvinhu."Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvefekitari yemiti ndiyo yakazara chiedza chekugadzira chiedza uye kuzadzikiswa kwehungwaru kutonga kwenzvimbo yechiedza" kwakava kubvumirana kwevanhu vose mumhizha.

Zvirimwa 'kuda chiedza

Chiedza ndicho chete chinopa simba rechirimwa photosynthesis.Kusimba kwechiedza, chiedza chemhando (spectrum) uye nguva nenguva kuchinja kwechiedza kune simba guru pakukura nekukura kwezvirimwa, pakati peiyo chiedza chechiedza chine simba guru pa photosynthesis yemiti.

■ Kusimba kwechiedza

Kusimba kwechiedza kunogona kushandura chimiro chezvirimwa, zvakaita semaruva, kureba kweinternode, ukobvu hwedzinde, uye kukura kwemashizha nekukora.Zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa zvekusimba kwechiedza zvinogona kupatsanurwa kuita mwenje-inoda, yepakati-chiedza-inoda, uye yakaderera-inoshivirira zvirimwa.Miriwo kazhinji inodyara-inoda mwenje, uye iwo mapoinzi emuripo akareruka uye mapoinzi ekuzara kwemwenje akakwira.Mumafekitori ekugadzira chiedza chemwenje, zvinodikanwa zvezvirimwa zvekusimba kwechiedza hwaro hwakakosha pakusarudza magetsi ekugadzira.Kunzwisisa zvinodikanwa zvechiedza zvezvirimwa zvakasiyana kwakakosha pakugadzira magetsi ekugadzira magetsi, Izvo zvakanyanya kudikanwa kuti uvandudze kugadzirwa kweiyo system.

■ Chiedza chemhando

Chiedza chemhando (spectral) kugovera kunewo zvakakosha pamiti photosynthesis uye morphogenesis (Mufananidzo 1).Chiedza chikamu chemwaranzi, uye mwaranzi ndeye electromagnetic wave.Electromagnetic waves ane wave maitiro uye quantum (particle) maitiro.Iyo quantum yechiedza inonzi photon mumunda wehorticulture.Radiation ine wavelength range ye300 ~ 800nm ​​inonzi physiologically active radiation yezvirimwa;uye mwaranzi ine wavelength range ye400 ~ 700nm inonzi photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) yezvirimwa.

Chlorophyll uye carotenes ndiwo maviri akakosha pigment muchirimwa photosynthesis.Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza spectral absorption spectrum yeimwe neimwe photosynthetic pigment, umo chlorophyll absorption spectrum inonangana mumabhendi matsvuku nebhuruu.Iyo yekuvhenekesa sisitimu yakavakirwa pane zvinoonekwa zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa kuti zviwedzere chiedza, kuitira kusimudzira photosynthesis yezvirimwa.

■ photoperiod
Hukama huri pakati pephotosynthesis uye photomorphogenesis yezvirimwa uye kureba kwezuva (kana kuti photoperiod nguva) inonzi photoperiodity yemiti.Iyo photoperiodity inowirirana zvakanyanya nemaawa echiedza, izvo zvinoreva nguva iyo chirimwa chinovhenekerwa nechiedza.Zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvinoda imwe nhamba yemaawa echiedza kuti apedze photoperiod kuti itumbuke uye ibereke michero.Zvinoenderana neakasiyana mafotoperiods, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvirimwa zvemazuva mazhinji, senge kabichi, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinoda kupfuura 12-14h maawa echiedza pane imwe nhanho yekukura kwayo;zvirimwa zvemazuva mapfupi, zvakaita sehanyanisi, soya beans, zvichingodaro, zvinoda isingasviki 12-14h Kuvhenekera maawa;zvirimwa zvezuva riripakati nepakati, zvakaita semagaka, matomatisi, mhiripiri, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kutumbuka nekubereka michero pasi pezuva rakareba kana kupfupika.
Pakati pezvinhu zvitatu zvezvakatipoteredza, kusimba kwechiedza ndicho chikonzero chakakosha chekusarudza magetsi ekugadzira magetsi.Parizvino, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuratidza kusimba kwechiedza, kunyanya kusanganisira nhatu dzinotevera.
(1) Kuvhenekera kunoreva huwandu hwepamusoro hwekupenya kwekuyerera (ruminous flux pane imwe unit nzvimbo) inotambirwa mundege yakavhenekerwa, mune lux (lx).

(2) Photosynthetically inoshanda nemwaranzi, PAR, Chikamu: W/m².

(3) Iyo photosynthetically inoshanda photon flux density PPFD kana PPF inhamba yemwaranzi yephotosynthetically inoshanda inosvika kana kupfuura nemuyuniti nguva nenzvimbo yeyuniti, unit:μmol/(m²·s).Inonyanyo reva kusimba kwechiedza che400~700nm zvakanangana ne photosynthesis.Iyo zvakare ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mwenje intensity chiratidzo mumunda wekugadzira chirimwa.

Chiedza chekuongorora cheyakajairika chekuwedzera mwenje system
Artificial light supplement ndeyekuwedzera kusimba kwechiedza munzvimbo inotariswa kana kuwedzera nguva yechiedza nekuisa mwenje wekuwedzera mwenje kuzadzisa kudiwa kwechiedza chezvirimwa.Kazhinji kutaura, iyo yekuwedzera mwenje sisitimu inosanganisira yekuwedzera mwenje michina, maseketi uye yayo yekutonga system.Kuwedzera mwenje masosi anonyanya kusanganisira akati wandei akajairwa mhando semwenje incandescent, mwenje wefluorescent, simbi halide marambi, high-pressure sodium mwenje uye LEDs.Nekuda kwekushomeka kwemagetsi uye kupenya kwemarambi e-incandescent, yakaderera photosynthetic simba uye kumwe kukanganisa, yakabviswa nemusika, saka chinyorwa ichi hachiite ongororo yakadzama.

■ Fluorescent rambi
Mwenje weFluorescent ndewerudzi rwemarambi ekudzikisa gasi.Iyo girazi chubhu yakazadzwa ne mercury vapor kana inert gas, uye madziro emukati echubhu akaputirwa nehupfu hwefluorescent.Rudzi rwechiedza runosiyana ne fluorescent zvinhu zvakaputirwa muchubhu.Mwenje weFluorescent une spectral performance yakanaka, yakanyanya kupenya, simba shoma, hupenyu hurefu (12000h) zvichienzaniswa nemarambi eincandescent, uye mutengo wakaderera.Nekuti mwenje wefluorescent pachawo unoburitsa kupisa kushoma, unogona kunge uri padyo nemiti yekuvhenekesa uye yakakodzera kurima-matatu-dimensional.Nekudaro, iyo spectral marongero emwenje wefluorescent haina musoro.Nzira inonyanyozivikanwa pasi rose ndeyekuwedzera zvinovheneka kuti zviwedzere kusimba kwechikamu chechiedza chezvirimwa munzvimbo yekurima.Kambani yeJapan adv-agri yakagadzirawo mhando nyowani yekuwedzera mwenje sosi HEFL.HEFL chaizvoizvo ndeyechikamu chemarambi efluorescent.Iri ndiro izwi rinowanzo kutonhora cathode fluorescent mwenje (CCFL) uye ekunze emagetsi efluorescent mwenje (EEFL), uye ndeye yakasanganiswa electrode fluorescent mwenje.Iyo HEFL chubhu yakatetepa zvakanyanya, ine dhayamita ingangoita 4mm, uye kureba kunogona kugadziriswa kubva pa450mm kusvika 1200mm zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekurima.Iyo ishanduro yakagadziridzwa yeyakajairwa fluorescent rambi.

■ Metal halide rambi
Rambi resimbi halide rambi rekuburitsa rinokwanisa kunakidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti ribudise marefu akasiyana-siyana nekuwedzera simbi halides (tin bromide, sodium iodide, etc.) muchubhu yekuburitsa pahwaro hwemwenje wemercury wakanyanya-kudzvanywa.Mwenje weHalogen une hunyanzvi hwekupenya, simba repamusoro, mwenje wakanaka ruvara, hupenyu hurefu, uye yakakura spectrum.Zvisinei, nokuti mwenje unopenya wakaderera pane wemarambi e-high-pressure sodium, uye nguva yeupenyu ipfupi pane iyo ye-high-pressure sodium mwenje, ikozvino inoshandiswa chete mune zvishoma zvezvirimwa zvemiti.

■ High pressure sodium rambi
High-pressure sodium mwenje ndeyemhando ye-high-pressure gas discharge marambi.Iyo yakakwira-kumanikidza mwenje wesodium ndeye yakakwirira-inoshanda mwenje umo yakakwira-kumanikidza sodium vapor inozadzwa muchubhu yekuburitsa, uye shoma shoma yexenon (Xe) uye mercury metal halide inowedzerwa.Nekuti high pressure sodium mwenje ine yakakwira electro-optical conversion performance ine mitengo yakaderera yekugadzira, high pressure sodium mwenje ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mukushandiswa kwechiedza chekuwedzera muzvivakwa zvekurima.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekushomeka kwekushomeka kwephotosynthetic kunyatsoshanda mune yavo spectrum, vane zvikanganiso zvekushomeka kwesimba.Kune rimwe divi, iyo spectral components inoburitswa ne-high-pressure sodium marambi anonyanya kuiswa muyero-orenji mwenje bhendi, iyo isina iyo tsvuku uye yebhuruu spectra inodiwa pakukura kwechirimwa.

■ Chiedza chinobudisa diode
Sechizvarwa chitsva chemagetsi emwenje, malight-emitting diodes (LEDs) ane zvakawanda zvakanaka zvakadai sepamusoro electro-optical conversion effective, adjustable spectrum, uye high photosynthetic kunyatsoshanda.LED inogona kuburitsa monochromatic mwenje inodiwa pakukura kwechirimwa.Kuenzaniswa nemarambi efluorescent akajairwa uye mamwe magetsi ekuwedzera, LED ine zvakanakira kuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, hupenyu hwakareba, mwenje wemonochromatic, kutonhora kwemwenje sosi uye zvichingodaro.Nekumwe kuvandudzwa kweiyo electro-optical kunyatsoshanda kwema LED uye kudzikiswa kwemitengo inokonzerwa nehukuru hunhu, ma LED kukura masisitimu emwenje anozove midziyo yekuwedzera mwenje muzvivakwa zvekurima.Nekuda kweizvozvo, magetsi ekukura kwe LED akaiswa pamusoro pe99.9% mafekitori ezvirimwa.

Kuburikidza nekuenzanisa, hunhu hwemamwe magetsi ekuwedzera anogona kunzwisiswa zvakajeka, sezvakaratidzwa muTebhu 1.

Mobile lighting device
Kusimba kwechiedza kunoenderana zvakanyanya nekukura kwezvirimwa.Kurimwa kwematatu-dimensional kunowanzoshandiswa mumafekitari ezvirimwa.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuganhurirwa kwechimiro chekurima racks, kusaenzana kugovera kwechiedza uye tembiricha pakati pemaraki kuchakanganisa goho rezvirimwa uye nguva yekukohwa haizowirirani.Imwe kambani muBeijing yakabudirira kugadzira bhuku rekusimudza mwenje wekuwedzera (HPS lighting fixture uye LED inokura mwenje mwenje) muna 2010. Nheyo iyi ndeyekutenderedza shaft yedhiraivha uye mhepo inogadziriswa pairi nekuzunza mubato kuti utenderere diki firimu reel. kuzadzisa chinangwa chekudzosera uye kusunungura tambo yewaya.Tambo yewaya yemwenje wekukura yakabatana nevhiri rinomonereka reelevator kuburikidza nemaseti akawanda emavhiri ekudzosera kumashure, kuitira kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekugadzirisa kureba kwekukura kwechiedza.Muna 2017, kambani yataurwa pamusoro yakagadzira uye yakagadzira nharembozha yekuwedzera mwenje, iyo inogona kugadzirisa otomatiki urefu hwekuwedzera mwenje munguva chaiyo zvichienderana nekukura kwezvirimwa.Chishandiso chekugadzirisa chave kuiswa pane 3-layer mwenje sosi yekusimudza mhando matatu-dimensional yekurima rack.Iyo yepamusoro pechigadziro ndiyo nhanho ine yakanakisa mwenje mamiriro, saka inoshongedzerwa ne-high-pressure sodium mwenje;iyo yepakati nepakati uye yepasi layer yakashongedzerwa ne LED kukura mwenje uye yekusimudza inogadzirisa system.Inogona kugadzirisa otomatiki kureba kwechiedza chekukura kuti ipe nzvimbo yakakodzera yekuvhenekesa zvirimwa.

Kuenzaniswa neiyo nhare yekuwedzera mwenje mudziyo wakagadzirirwa kurima-mativi matatu, Netherlands yakagadzira yakatwasuka inofambiswa LED inokura mwenje wekuwedzera mwenje mudziyo.Kuti udzivise pesvedzero yemumvuri wechiedza chinokura pakukura kwezvirimwa muzuva, kukura mwenje system inogona kusundidzirwa kumativi ese ebhureketi kuburikidza ne telescopic slide munzira yakachinjika, kuti zuva rive zvizere. irradiated pamiti;pamazuva ane makore nekunaya pasina chiedza chezuva, Sunda mwenje wekukura kusvika pakati pebhureketi kuti mwenje wekukura mwenje system uzadze zvirimwa zvakaenzana;fambisa iyo yekukura mwenje sisitimu yakachinjika kuburikidza nechisiraidhi chiri pabhuraketi, dzivirira kazhinji disassembly uye kubviswa kwekukura mwenje sisitimu, uye kuderedza kuwanda kwevashandi, nekudaro kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka.

Dhizaini mazano eyakajairwa kukura light system
Izvo hazvina kuoma kuona kubva mukugadzirwa kweiyo nhare yekuwedzera mwenje wekuwedzera dhizaini kuti dhizaini yekuwedzera mwenje sisitimu yefekitori yekudyara kazhinji inotora kusimba kwechiedza, mwenje wemhando uye mafotoperiod maparamendi enguva dzakasiyana dzekukura kwechirimwa sechinhu chakakosha chedhizaini. , kuvimba nehungwaru kutonga hurongwa hwekushandisa, kuzadzisa chinangwa chekupedzisira chekuchengetedza simba uye goho guru.

Parizvino, dhizaini nekuvakwa kwechiedza chekuwedzera chemiriwo yemashizha yave kukura zvishoma nezvishoma.Semuenzaniso, miriwo yemashizha inogona kukamurwa kuita nhanho ina: danho rembeu, yepakati-kukura, yekunonoka-kukura, uye yekupedzisira;Michero-miriwo inogona kukamurwa kuita danho rekudyara, nhanho yekukura kwezvinomera, danho remaruva, uye danho rekukohwa.Kubva pahunhu hwekuwedzera mwenje wekuwedzera, kusimba kwechiedza padanho rekudyara kunofanirwa kudzikira zvishoma, pa60 ~ 200 μmol/(m² · s), uyezve kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.Miriwo yemashizha inogona kusvika pa100~200 μmol/(m²·s), uye miriwo yemichero inogona kusvika 300~500 μmol/(m²·s) kuve nechokwadi chekusimba kwechiedza chechirimwa photosynthesis munguva yega yega yekukura uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa goho rakakwirira;Panyaya yehutano hwechiedza, chiyero chetsvuku kune bhuruu chakakosha zvikuru.Kuti mbesa dziwedzere kunaka uye kudzivirira kukura zvakanyanya padanho rembeu, chiyero chetsvuku kusvika kubhuruu chinowanzoiswa padanho rakaderera [(1~2): 1], uye chozoderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti chizadzise zvinodiwa nechirimwa. chiedza morphology.Chiyero chemutsvuku kune yebhuruu kune miriwo yemashizha inogona kuiswa ku (3 ~ 6): 1.Kune iyo photoperiod, yakafanana nechiedza chechiedza, inofanira kuratidza maitiro ekuwedzera nekuwedzera kwenguva yekukura, kuitira kuti miriwo yemashizha ive nenguva yakawanda yephotosynthetic ye photosynthesis.Iyo chiedza chekuwedzera dhizaini yemichero nemiriwo ichave yakaoma.Pamusoro pemitemo yakataurwa pamusoro apa, tinofanira kutarisa pakugadzirisa photoperiod panguva yemaruva, uye maruva uye fruiting yemiriwo inofanira kusimudzirwa, kuitira kuti irege kudzosera shure.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti iyo mwenje formula inofanirwa kusanganisira yekupedzisira kurapwa kwechiedza nharaunda marongero.Semuyenzaniso, kuramba chiedza kuwedzera kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru goho uye kunaka hydroponic mashizha muriwo madzinde, kana kushandisa UV kurapwa kuti zvikuru kunatsiridza nhungirwa uye mashizha miriwo (kunyanya yepepuru Mashizha uye tsvuku mashizha lettuce) zvinovaka muviri unhu.

Pamusoro pekugadzirisa mwenje wekuwedzera kune zvirimwa zvakasarudzwa, iyo mwenje sosi inodzora system yemamwe mafekitori emagetsi ekugadzira chiedza yakasimukirawo nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura.Iyi yekudzora sisitimu inowanzoenderana neiyo B/S chimiro.Kudzora kure uye otomatiki kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu senge tembiricha, humidity, mwenje, uye CO2 kusungwa panguva yekukura kwezvirimwa kunoitwa kuburikidza neWIFI, uye panguva imwecheteyo, nzira yekugadzira iyo isingarambidzwe nemamiriro ekunze inowanikwa.Rudzi urwu rwehungwaru hwekuwedzera mwenje sisitimu inoshandisa LED kukura mwenje mwenje sekuwedzera mwenje sosi, yakasanganiswa neyekure intelligent control system, inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvechirimwa wavelength kuvhenekera, inonyanya kukodzera mwenje-inodzorwa chirimwa chirimwa nharaunda, uye inogona kunyatso kuzadzisa kudiwa kwemusika. .

Mashoko ekupedzisira
Mafekitari ekudyara anoonekwa senzira yakakosha yekugadzirisa zviwanikwa zvepasirese, huwandu hwevanhu uye matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza muzana ramakore re21, uye nzira yakakosha yekuwana kuzvigutsa kwechikafu mumapurojekiti epamusoro-soro.Serudzi rutsva rwenzira yekugadzira zvekurima, mafekitori ezvirimwa achiri mudanho rekudzidza nekukura, uye kutarisisa uye kutsvagisa kunodiwa.Ichi chinyorwa chinotsanangura maitiro uye zvakanakira nzira dzakajairwa dzekuwedzera mwenje mumafekitori ezvirimwa, uye chinosuma mazano ekugadzira ezvakajairwa zvirimwa zvekuwedzera mwenje masisitimu.Hazvina kuoma kuwana kuburikidza nekuenzanisa, kuitira kuti utsungirire nechiedza chakaderera chinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze akasimba senge makore anoenderera uye mhute uye kuve nechokwadi chepamusoro uye chakagadzikana kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvenzvimbo, LED Kura mwenje sosi midziyo inonyanya kuenderana nekusimudzira kwazvino. maitiro.

Iyo remangwana danho rekusimudzira mafekitori ezvirimwa rinofanirwa kutarisisa kune nyowani-yakanyanya-chaiyo, yakaderera-inodhura masensa, inodzoreka kure, inogadziriswa spectrum mwenje mudziyo masisitimu uye nyanzvi dzekudzora masisitimu.Panguva imwecheteyo, mafekitori ezvekudyara emangwana acharamba achikura akananga kumutengo wakaderera, kungwara, uye kuzvigadzirisa.Iko kushandiswa uye kufarirwa kwe LED inokura magetsi masosi inopa vimbiso yepamusoro-chaiyo nharaunda kutonga kwemafekitori ezvirimwa.LED mwenje nharaunda regulation inzira yakaoma inosanganisira yakazara kudzora kwemhando yechiedza, kusimba kwechiedza, uye photoperiod.Nyanzvi dzakakodzera uye nyanzvi dzinofanirwa kuita tsvakiridzo yakadzama, kusimudzira mwenje wekuwedzera we LED mumafekitori emagetsi emwenje.