Munyori: Jing Zhao, Zengchan Zhou, Yunlong Bu, etc. Source Media: Agricultural Injiniya Technology (Greenhouse Horticulture)

Iyo fekitori yemuti inosanganisa indasitiri yanhasi, biotechnology, inotyisa hydroponics uye technology tekinoroji kuti ishandise kudzora kwepamusoro kwezvinhu zvemhoteredzo munzvimbo yemagariro. Yakavharwa zvizere, ine zvakaderera pane zvakatipoteredza, zvinopfuudza mvura yekukohwa, inochengetedza mvura yekukohwa, uye nezvakanaka zvekugadzira marara, iyo yunivhesiti inoshandisa kugona ndeyekubudirira ndeye makumi mana kusvika ku108 nguva dzegumi yekugadzira yakavhurika yemunda. Pakati pavo, iyo yakangwara yekunyanyisa mwenje uye mutemo wayo wekusimbisa nharaunda mutambo unoshanda mukushanda kwayo kwekugadzira.

Sechinhu chakakosha chemuzvemamiriro ekunze, chiedza chinoita basa rinokosha mukudzora kukura kwekukura uye zvekunyora metabolism. "Chimwe chezvinhu chikuru chefekitori yechidyarwa ndiyo yakazara yekukwenenzvera mwenje uye kuzadziswa kwemutemo wakangwara kwenzvimbo yechiedza" yave kuenderana neindasitiri.

Zvidyarwa 'zvinoda chiedza

Chiedza ndiyo chete simba sosi yemapikicha photosynthesis. Kujeka kwechiedza, mhando yechiedza (uye shanduko yenguva nenguva ine simba rakakura pakukura uye kukura kwezvirimwa, pakati pekusimbisa kwechiedza kune zvakakanganisa photosynthesis.

■ Chiedza Chiedza

Kukura kwechiedza kunogona kuchinja morphology yezvirimwa, senge kuyerera, internode urefu, simbisa gobvu, uye size saizi uye gobvu. Zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa zvehusimbe zvinokonzerwa mukugovaniswa mune ane rudo-rudo, zvidyarwa-zvishoma, uye zvakaderera-zvinoshingaira zvinomera. Miriwo inonyanya kujekesa zvidyarwa-zvidyarwa, uye mapoinzi avo ekutsiva uye mapoinzi echiedza emagetsi akakwirira. Mune mafekitori echiedza chechiedza, izvo zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa zvekusimbisa kwechiedza chikamu chakakosha chekusarudza zviratidzo zvekushandisa. Kunzwisisa zvido zvechiedza zvezvirimwa kwakakosha kuti zvigadzirise zvekusarudzika zvibodzwa, zvakanyatsodiwa kuti uvandudze kuita kwehurongwa hwekugadzira.

■ Mhando yechiedza

Iyo mhando yemhando (yekufambisa) inoparadzira zvakare ine pesvedzero yakakosha pane pli photosynthesis uye morphogeneis (Mufananidzo 1). Chiedza chimwe chikamu cheradiation, uye radiation ndeye electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetic mafungu ane hunhu hwekuwedzera uye huwandu (chidimbu) hunhu. Iyo nhamba yechiedza inonzi Photon mune horticure munda. Radiation neine mavhiri erenji ye300 ~ 800nm ​​inonzi photy physiologically inoshanda radiation yezvirimwa; uye radiation ine wavelength renji ye400 ~ 700nm inonzi photosynthethetically inoshanda radiation (par) yezvirimwa.

Chlorophyll uye Carotenes ndiyo maviri akanyanya kukosha mune chirimwa photosynthesis. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza iyo spectrral yekusvina yeiyo yega photosynthetic pigment, umo iyo chlorophyll yekunyudza lectrum inoonekwa mumapoka matsvuku uye ebhuruu. Iyo inovhenekerwa system yakavakirwa pane zvekufungidzira zvido zvezvirimwa zvine hunyanzvi hwekuwedzera, kuitira kuti kusimudzira mafotoynting of zvidyarwa.

■ Photo Photosperiod
Ukama pakati pemifananidzoSynthesis uye Photomorphogeneis yezvirimwa uye zuva rekureba (kana nguva yekufungidzira) inonzi logpiodiity yezvirimwa. Iyo photoperiodiity yakanyatsoenderana nemaawa echiedza, iyo inoreva nguva iyo chirimwa chakabviswa nechiedza. Zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvinoda imwe nhamba yemaawa emwenje kuti upedze iyo photoperiod yekudzima uye kubereka michero. Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana mapikicha, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvirimwa zvenguva refu, senge kabichi, etc., izvo zvinoda zvinopfuura maawa 12-14h chiedza pane imwe nhanho yekukura kwayo; Zvirimwa zvezuva pfupi, zvakadai seanenge hanyanisi, soya, nezvimwe, zvinoda pasi pegumi neshanu kuvhenekera maawa. Zvirimwa zvezuva-zvezuva, zvakadai se cucumbers, matomatisi, peppers, etc., inogona kutumbuka uye kubereka michero pasi penguva refu kana kupfupika zuva.
Pakati pezvikamu zvitatu zvematare, chiedza chakasimba chikonzero chakakosha chekusarudza zvibodzwa zvechiedza. Parizvino, pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuratidza kuwanda kwechiedza, kunyanya kusanganisira matatu anotevera.
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(2) photosyntheticically inoshanda radiation, par, unit: w / m².

(3) iyo photosynthetically inoshanda Photon flux denity pponity ppond kana ppf ndeyekunyora kwemizambiringa nguva neyuniti,: μ² zvakananga zvinoenderana ne photosynthesis. Izvo zvakare zvinonyanya kushandiswa kujeka kwechiedza chiratidzo mumunda wekugadzira chirimwa.

Chiedza sour soursing of chagy supplementary mwenje system
Chiedza chechiedza chinowedzera kuwedzera kuwanda kwechiedza munzvimbo ine chinangwa kana kuwedzera nguva yechiedza nekuisa nguva yekuwedzera yechiedza kuti izadzise chiedza chekuda. Kazhinji, iyo yekuwedzera yechiedza system inosanganisira yekuwedzera mwenje michero, matunhu uye maitiro ayo ekudzora. Spplementary mwenje unonyanya kusanganisira akati wandei marudzi akadai seanosimudzira mwenje, marambi emvura, mongsimbi marefu emwenje, kudzvinyirira mwenje uye maLED. Due to the low electrical and optical efficiency of incandescent lamps, low photosynthetic energy efficiency and other shortcomings, it has been eliminated by the market, so this article does not make a detailed analysis.

■ Fluorescent Lamp
LAPORESCENCCEN LAMPS ndeye yerudzi rwekudzvinyirira-kudzvanywa gasi discharge marambi. Iyo yegirazi tube inozadzwa nemvumo yevapambi kana inert gasi, uye madziro emukati wehubhu anounganidzwa neye fluorescent poda. Ruvara rwechiedza runosiyana neyechikamu cheFluorescent chakabatanidzwa muchubhu. Mwenje weFluorescent ane hutano hwakanaka hwekuita, hwakanyanya hwekubudirira kugona, simba rakaderera, hupenyu hurefu (12000h) zvichienzaniswa nemarambi anodzvanywa, uye mutengo wakaderera. Nekuti iyo yemapapiro eFluescent Nekudaro, iyo spectral mamiriro eiyo fluorescent mwenje haina musoro. Nzira yakajairika iri munyika ndeyekuwedzera inoratidza kuti uwedzere iyo inoshanda yechiedza nzvimbo dzezvirimwa zviri munzvimbo yezvirimwa. Japan Ad-Agri kambani yakagadzirawo rudzi rutsva rwekuwedzera mwenje sosi heful. HEFL chaizvo ndeyako yerudzi rwemwenje yeFluorescent. Iyo ndiyo general izwi rekutonhora cathode fluorescent marambi (CCFL) uye ekunze Electrode Fluorescent Lamps (eefl), uye yakasanganiswa yemagetsi yeElekorescent Lamp. Iyo hefl tube yakatetepa zvakanyanya, ine dhaya yeanenge 4mm, uye kureba kunogona kugadziridzwa kubva pa450mm kusvika 1200mm zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekurimwa. Iyo ishanduro yakavandudzwa yeiyo yakajairika fluorescent lamp.

■ Mimbi marara lalide
Mwenje wesimbi wekuramba wakakwira. Mwenje weHalogen ane hunyanzvi hwekugona, simba rakakwirira, ruvara rwakanaka rwakareruka, hupenyu hwakareba, uye huwandu hwakakura. Nekudaro, nekuti kunyatsoita kwehunyanzvi kwakaderera pane iko kwekumanikidza kwemarambi epamusoro, uye hupenyu hupfupi pane iyo yemarambi epamusoro-yakadzika sodium, parizvino inongoshandiswa mune mashoma mafekitori emuti.

■ Yakakwirira Dzvinyiriro Sodium Lamp
Yakakwirira-yekumanikidza sodium marambi ndeyorudzi rwemhando yepamusoro-yakadzvanywa gasi bvisa marambi. Iyo yakakwira-yekumanikidza sodium mwenje yakakwira marara mune yakakwira-yekumanikidza sodium vapor inozadzwa muhubhu, uye hushoma hweXenon (xe) uye mercury meth larde anowedzerwa. Nekuti kukwirira kwepamhepo sodium marambi ane huwandu hwemagetsi-yekushandura kugona nemarambi epasi ekugadzira, epamusoro sodium lamps ari kunyatso shandiswa mukushandisa kwechiedza chekurima mune zvekurima. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekukanganisa kweiyo yakaderera photosynthetic kushanda kwavo mune yavo spectrum, ivo vane zvikanganiso zvekubudirira kwesimba rakaderera. Kune rimwe divi, zvikamu zvekufungidzira zvakaburitswa nekumanikidza-kudzvinyirira marambi anonyanya kuiswa mumaruva eyero-yerenji, ayo anoshaya tsvuku uye yebhuruu spectra inodiwa kukura kwekukura.

■ Light inobvisa diode
Sechizvarwa chitsva chechiedza chechiedza, chiedza-cheki (led) vane zvakawanda zvakanakira seyemagetsi yepamusoro-special kushandisirwa, kushandurwa kwekuita, uye kukwidziridzwa kwepikicha. LED inogona kusimbisa Monochromatic Chiedza chinodiwa pakukura kwechirimwa. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa fluorescent mwenje uye zvimwe zvinowedzera zvibodzwa zvemwenje, LED ane zvakanakira kuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatiponesa, hupenyu hwakareba, monochromatic mwenje, kutonhora mwenje uye zvichingodaro. Nekuwedzera kwekuvandudzwa kweElectro-Optical kugona kweLDS uye kuderedzwa kwemitengo yakakonzerwa neyekukura maitiro, LED inokura masisitimu ichave midziyo yekutanga yekuwedzera maraki ekurima. Semhedzisiro, LED inokura mwenje yakaiswa pamusoro 99.9% zvigadzirwa mafekitori.

Kuburikidza nekuenzanisa, hunhu hwezvakasiyana zvekuwedzera zvinyorwa zvinogona kunzwisiswa zvakajeka, sezvakaratidzwa muTafura 1.

Nharembozha Caning
Kukura kwechiedza kunonyatsoenderana nekukura kwezvirimwa. Kurimwa-katatu-dimensional kurimwa kunowanzoshandiswa mufekitori dzezvirimwa. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekukasira kwechimiro chekurima racks, kusava nehanya kwechiedza uye tembiricha pakati pemarara kuchakanganisa gohwo rezvirimwa uye nguva yekukohwa hadzizowirirani. Kambani muBeijing yakabudirira kusimudza bhuku rekusimudza mwenje wekuwedzera Kuti uwane chinangwa chekudzoreredza uye kusunungura tambo ye waya. Tambo yeiyo yeiyo yemifananidzo yakabatana neyekuvhuvhuta neyekuvhuvhuta vegwenzi kuburikidza neyekuwedzera maseti ekudzosera mavhiri, kuitira kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekugadzirisa kukwirira kwechiedza chekuwedzera. Muna 2017, kambani yambotaurwa pamusoro uye yakagadzira nyowani yekufambisa mbozha yekuwedzera, iyo inogona otomatiki inogadzirisa iyo yekuwedzera yekuwedzera kureba munguva chaiyo zvichienderana nezvirimwa kukura kwechido. Iyo yekugadzirisa mudziyo ikozvino yakaiswa pane iyo 3-layer inojekesa sosi inosimudza mhando matatu-dimensional kurimwa rack. Iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yechishandiso ndiyo chikamu chakanakisa chiedza, saka chakashongedzerwa nemarambi ekumanikidza. Iyo yepakati layer uye yepasi denderedzwa yakarongedzerwa neyekukura mwenje mwenje uye inosimudza kugadzirisa system. Inogona otomatiki yekureba kwekureba kwechiedza chekurima kupa nzvimbo yakakodzera yemwenje yezvirimwa.

Kuenzaniswa nefoni mbozha yekuwedzera mudziyo wekuwedzera kudzvanywa kwekurimwa katatu, iyo Netherlands yakagadzira yakatwasuka inotsemuka inotungamirwa yerefu kukura kwechiedza chishandiso chechiedza. Kuti udzivise pesvedzero yemumvuri wechiedza pakukura kwezvidyarwa muzuva, iyo yekukuvara kwechiedza inogona kusundidzirwa kumativi ese ebracket inotsvedza munzira yakatwasuka, kuti zuva ranyatsoita inodururwa pane zvidyarwa; Pamazuva ane makore uye ekunaya pasina mwenje wezuva, sundidzira iyo inowedzera system kusvika pakati pebhuroka kuti mwenje iite kuti mwenje wechiedza chiise zvidyire zvidyarwa. Fambisa iyo inokura yechiedza yakarwadza kuburikidza neiyo bracket, dzivirira nguva zhinji disasery uye kubviswa kweiyo inokura system, uye kudzikisa huwandu hwevashandi, nekudaro kuvandudza kushanda kwebasa.

Dhizaini mazano ezvechinhu anokura mwenje system
Hazvina kuoma kuona kubva kuDunhu refoni mbozha rekuwedzera iro dhizaini yekuwedzera kwefekitari, mhando yerudzi uye mapikicha emapikicha emukati menguva yekukura seyakagadziriswa , uchivimba neiyo yakangwara yekudzora system yekushandisa, kuzadzisa chinangwa chekupedzisira chekuchengetedza simba uye nekukwirisa kwepamusoro.

Parizvino, dhizaini uye kuvakwa kwechiedza chekuwedzera kwemiriwo yemashizha akaiswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Semuenzaniso, miriwo yemashizha inogona kukamurwa kuita matanho mana: Chikamu chekushambadzira, pakati pekukura, kukura-kukura, uye nhanho yekupera; Miriwo-miriwo inogona kukamurwa kuita seti yembeu, sizi yekukura nhanho, kuyerera nhanho, uye nhanho yekukohwa. Kubva kuhunhu hwechiitiko chekuwedzera chiedza, kusimba kwechiedza mune sangano rehuremu rinofanira kunge rakadzika zvishoma, kuma60 ~ ~ μmol / (m · ·), uyezve zvishoma nezvishoma. Miriwo yemashizha inogona kusvika zana ~ kuberekwa kukuru; Panyaya yemhando yechiedza, iyo chiyero chakatsvuka kusvika kublue yakakosha. Kuti uwedzere kunaka kwemabhodhi embeu uye kudzivirira kukura zvakanyanya muchikamu che mhou, iyo chiyero chakatsvuka kusvika kubhuruu inowanzoiswa pachiyero chepasi [(1 ~ 2): 1], uye zvishoma nezvishoma yakaderedzwa kuita zvinodiwa zvechirimwa Chiedza Morphology. Iyo chiyero chetsvuku kusvika kublue kune mashizha miriwo inogona kuiswa ku (3 ~ 6): 1. Kune iyo photoperiod, yakafanana nehuwandu hwechiedza, chinofanira kuratidza maitiro ekuwedzera nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera nguva, saka miriwo yemashizha ane yakawanda foroyntheth nguva ye photosynthesis. Iyo yakajeka yekuwedzera dhizaini yemichero uye miriwo ichave yakaoma. Kuwedzera kumitemo yakataurwa pamusoro apa, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa kumisikidzwa kweiyo photoperiod panguva yekuyerera, uye kuyerera uye kubereka kwemiriwo kunofanirwa kusimudzirwa, kuti arege kudzokera kumashure.

Izvo zvakakodzera kutaura kuti fomu yechiedza inofanira kusanganisira kurapwa kwemaruva emidziyo yemamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, kuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kunogona kugadzirisa zvakare gohwo uye mhando yehydroponic mashizha embiru, kana kushandisa miriwo yepepuru (kunyanya mashizha epepuru uye tsvuku leaf lettuce) kunaka.

Kuwedzera kune optarizing chiedza chekuwedzera zvirimwa zvakasarudzwa zvirimwa, iyo sosi yechiedza inodzora system yeimwe nzvimbo yechiedza chechiedza chakatangawo nekukurumidza mumakore apfuura. Iyi nzira yekudzora inowanzoenderana ne b / s chimiro. Remote Control uye otomatiki Kudzora kwezvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvakadai sekutyisa, kujeka, uye nemusoro wenguva imwechete, uye nzira yekugadzira, iyo isingagadziriswe nemamiriro ekunze anoonekwa. Rudzi urwu rwehungwaru rwekuwedzera runyararo runyararo runyorwa runyorwa rwechirunguwa seyakawedzera kurima, rinogona kunge rakakodzera kurima renyama. .

Kupedzisa Kutaura
Mafekitori ezviyo anoonekwa seanokosha nzira yekugadzirisa nzvimbo dzepasirese, huwandu uye matambudziko emunharaunda muzana rino, uye nzira yakakosha yekuzvikwanira kuzvirereka mune zvemitambo miganho yepamusoro. Semhando idzva remuenzaniso rekurima rekugadzira nzira, mafafekeri anodyara achiri mufundo uye kukura kwechikuru, uye kutarisisa nekutsvaga kunodiwa. Chinyorwa ichi chinotsanangura hunhu uye zvakanakira zvinowanzoitika nzira dzekuvhenekera mumapfekero ezvirimwa, uye unounza mazano ekugadzira emazano ezvirimwa zvekuwedzera. Hazvina kuoma kuwana kuburikidza nekuenzanisa, kuitira kuti utsungirire pachiyero chakaderera chakadai sekuenderera mberi kwegore uye kuve nekureba kwezvirimwa zvekutarisa maitiro.

Iyo yeramangwana rekuvandudza mafekitori ezvipimwa anofanirwa kutarisa pamusoro pehunhu hurefu hwakakwira, akaderera-anodhura sensors, anodzora masendimita ekunyora Panguva imwecheteyo, mafekitori emunguva yemunguva yemunguva yemunguva yemunguva yemunguva yemunguva yemunguva yemunguva inouya acharamba achikura kusvika pamubhadharo wakaderera, akangwara, uye kuzvishingisa. Iko kushandiswa uye kuwanda kweiyo LED SEPL SECOCKES SOPLES inopa vimbiso yekudzora kwepamusoro-soro kwekutonga kwemafekitori emuno. LED LEATE LEATE LEATE LEATION ISANGANO YEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA, KUTAMBURA KWEMAHARA, NEZVINOGONA. Nyanzvi dzakakodzera uye nyanzvi dzinofanira kuitisa mukutsvagurudza kwakadzika, kusimudzira yakarongedzwa kupenya kwekuwedzera mafekitori emwenje.