Chinyorwa Chinobva: Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research;

Munyori: Yingying Shan, Xinmin Shan, Song Gu.

Watermelon, sechirimwa chinowanzo shandiswa muhupfumi, ine kudiwa kukuru pamusika uye zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro, asi kurimwa kwayo kwembeu kwakaoma kune mavise nemaeggplant. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti: watermelon imbeu inoda chiedza. Kana pasina chiedza chakakwana mushure mekunge mhodzi yewatermelon yatyoka, inokura zvakanyanya uye inoumba mhodzi refu, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwembeu uye kukura kwadzo gare gare. Watermelon kubva pakudyara kusvika pakudyara inoitika pakati paZvita wegore iroro naKukadzi wegore rinotevera, inova mwaka une tembiricha yakaderera, chiedza chisina kusimba uye chirwere chakakomba. Kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kweChina, zvakajairika kuti hapana zuva kwemazuva gumi kusvika hafu yemwedzi pakutanga kwechirimo. Kana paine mamiriro ekunze anoramba achinaya uye ane sinou, zvinotokonzera huwandu hwakawanda hwembeu dzakafa, izvo zvichakuvadza zvikuru kurasikirwa kwehupfumi hwevarimi.

Maitiro ekushandisa chiedza chekugadzira, semuenzaniso chiedza chinobva kumwenje ye LED grow, kuisa "fetereza yechiedza" kuzvirimwa zvinosanganisira mbesa dzewatermelon kana pasina chiedza chezuva chakakwana, kuitira kuti chinangwa chekuwedzera goho, kushanda zvakanaka, mhando yepamusoro, kudzivirira zvirwere uye kusasvibiswa uku uchikurudzira kukura nekukura kwezvirimwa, kwave kuri kutungamira kukuru kwekutsvaga kwesainzi yekurima kwemakore mazhinji.

Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakiridzo yakawanawo kuti chiyero chakasiyana chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chaivewo nemhedzisiro yakakura pakukura kwembeu dzezvirimwa. Semuenzaniso, muongorori Tang Dawei nevamwe vakaona kuti R / b = 7:3 ndiyo chiyero chakanakisa chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chekukura kwembeu dzemacucumber; muongorori Gao Yi nevamwe vakataura mupepa ravo kuti R / b = 8:1 sosi yechiedza chakasanganiswa ndiyo gadziriro yechiedza chakakodzera kukura kwembeu dzeLuffa.

Kare, vamwe vanhu vakaedza kushandisa zviedza zvekugadzira zvakaita semarambi e fluorescent nemarambi e sodium kuti vaite bvunzo dzekurima mhodzi, asi mhedzisiro yacho haina kunaka. Kubva kuma1990, kwave kutsvagurudzwa pakurima mhodzi uchishandisa marambi e LED ekurima semamwe manyuko echiedza.

Mwenje ye LED inokura ine zvakanakira zvekuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedzeka uye kuvimbika, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, saizi diki, huremu hwakareruka, kugadzirwa kwekupisa kushoma uye kupararira kwakanaka kwechiedza kana kudzora musanganiswa. Inogona kusanganiswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa kuti iwane chiedza che monochromatic chakachena uye composite spectrum, uye mwero wekushandiswa kwesimba rechiedza unoshanda unogona kusvika 80% - 90%. Inoonekwa senzvimbo yakanakisa yechiedza mukurima.

Parizvino, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakaitwa pakurima mupunga, cucumber nespinachi nechiedza che LED chaicho muChina, uye kufambira mberi kwakaitwa. Zvisinei, kune mbesa dzema watermelon dzakaoma kurima, tekinoroji iripo ichiri padanho rechiedza chechisikigo, uye chiedza che LED chinoshandiswa chete sechiedza chekuwedzera.

I Tichifunga nezvematambudziko ari pamusoro apa, bepa iri richaedza kushandisa chiedza che LED senzira chaiyo yekudzidza kuti zvinobvira sei kubereka mhodzi dzewatermelon uye chiyero chakanakisa che luminous flux kuti zvivandudze mhando yemhodzi dzewatermelon pasina kuvimba nezuva, kuitira kupa hwaro hwedzidziso uye rutsigiro rwedata rwekudzora chiedza chemhodzi dzewatermelon munzvimbo dzekurima.

A.Maitiro ekuyedza uye mhedzisiro

1. Zvinhu zvekuedza uye kurapwa kwakareruka

Watermelon ZAOJIA 8424 yakashandiswa mukuyedza uku, uye nzvimbo yekuberekesa mbeu yaive Jinhai Jinjin 3. Nzvimbo yekuyedza yakasarudzwa mufekitori ye LED grow light nursery muQuzhou City uye michina ye LED grow light yakashandiswa senzvimbo yekuvhenekesa mwenje. Kuyedza uku kwakagara kwematanho mashanu. Nguva yekuyedza imwe chete yaive mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu kubva pakunyikwa kwembeu, kumera kusvika pakukura kwembeu. Nguva ye photoperiod yaive maawa masere. Tembiricha yemukati yaive 25 ° kusvika 28 ° masikati (7:00-17:00) uye 15 ° kusvika 18 ° manheru (17:00-7:00). Hunyoro hwemhepo hwaive 60% - 80%.

Mabhena e LED matsvuku nebhuruu anoshandiswa mumwenje we LED grow, ane urefu hwemarefu matsvuku hwe660nm uye urefu hwemarefu ebhuruu hwe450nm. Mukuyedza, chiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chine chiyero che luminous flux che5:1, 6:1 Uye 7:13 chakashandiswa kuenzanisa.

2. Chiyero chekuyerwa uye nzira

Pakupera kwechikamu chega chega, mbesa nhatu dzakasarudzwa zvisina kurongeka kuti dziongororwe mhando yembesa. Zviratidzo zvaisanganisira huremu hwakaoma nehutsva, kureba kwemuti, dhayamita yemuti, nhamba yemashizha, nzvimbo chaiyo yemashizha nehurefu hwemidzi. Pakati pazvo, kureba kwemuti, dhayamita yemuti nehurefu hwemidzi zvinogona kuyerwa ne vernier caliper; nhamba yemashizha nenhamba yemidzi zvinogona kuverengwa nemaoko; huremu hwakaoma nehutsva nenzvimbo chaiyo yemashizha zvinogona kuverengerwa neruler.

3. Kuongororwa kwedata nenhamba

4. Mhedzisiro

Mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidzwa muTafura 1 nemifananidzo 1-5.

Kubva patafura 1 nemufananidzo 1-5, zvinoonekwa kuti nekuwedzera kwechiedza kubva pachiyero chimwe kuenda kune chimwe, huremu hwakaoma hunobva hwadzikira, kureba kwemuti kunowedzera (pane chiitiko chekureba kusina maturo), dzinde remuti riri kuramba richiderera, nzvimbo chaiyo yemashizha inodzikira, uye kureba kwemidzi kupfupika.

B.Kuongorora nekuongorora mhedzisiro

1. Kana chiyero chechiedza nepasi chiri 5:1, kukura kwembeu yewatermelon ndiko kwakanyanya kunaka.

2. Mbeu shoma inovhenekerwa nechiedza che LED chine chiyero chepamusoro chechiedza chebhuruu chinoratidza kuti chiedza chebhuruu chine simba rekudzivisa kukura kwechirimwa, kunyanya pahunde yechirimwa, uye hachina simba rakajeka pakukura kwemashizha; chiedza chitsvuku chinokurudzira kukura kwechirimwa, uye chirimwa chinokura nekukurumidza kana chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku chiri chikuru, asi kureba kwacho kuri pachena, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2.

3. Chirimwa chinoda chiyero chakasiyana chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu munguva dzakasiyana dzekukura. Semuenzaniso, mbesa dzemanwiwa dzinoda chiedza chebhuruu zvakanyanya pakutanga, izvo zvinogona kudzvinyirira kukura kwembesa; asi padanho rekupedzisira, dzinoda chiedza chitsvuku zvakanyanya. Kana chiyero chechiedza chebhuruu chikaramba chakakwirira, mbesa dzichava diki uye pfupi.

4. Kupenya kwembeu yewatermelon pakutanga hakufanirwe kunge kwakanyanya, izvo zvinokanganisa kukura kwembeu gare gare. Nzira iri nani ndeyekushandisa chiedza chisina kusimba pakutanga wozoshandisa chiedza chakasimba gare gare.

5. Kuvhenekerwa kwechiedza che LED kunofanirwa kuitwa nemazvo. Zvakaonekwa kuti kana simba rechiedza rakaderera, kukura kwembeu hakuna kusimba uye kuri nyore kurima pasina. Zvinofanira kuitwa nemazvo kuti kuvhenekerwa kwembeu hakufanirwe kuderera kupfuura 120wml; zvisinei, kuchinja kwekukura kwembeu nechiedza chakanyanya kujeka hakusi pachena, uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakawedzerwa, izvo zvisingakodzeri kushandiswa kwefekitori mune ramangwana.

CMhedzisiro

Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti zvaikwanisika kushandisa chiedza che LED chega chega kurima mbesa dzewatermelon mukamuri rine rima, uye 5:1 luminous flux yaibatsira kukura kwembesa dzewatermelon kupfuura ka6 kana ka7. Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha pakushandiswa kwetekinoroji ye LED mukurima mbesa dzewatermelon mumaindasitiri.

1. Chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chakakosha zvikuru. Kukura kwekutanga kwembeu dzewatermelon hakugone kuvhenekerwa nechiedza che LED chine chiedza chebhuruu chakanyanya, zvikasadaro zvinokanganisa kukura kwacho gare gare.

2. Kupenya kwakasimba kwechiedza kune simba guru pakusiyanisa masero nenhengo dzembeu dzewatermelon. Kupenya kwakasimba kwechiedza kunoita kuti mbeu dzikure dzakasimba; kupenya kwakaderera kwechiedza kunoita kuti mbeu dzikure pasina.

3. Padanho rembeu, zvichienzaniswa nembeu dzine simba rechiedza rakaderera pane 120 μ mol / m2 · s, mbeu dzine simba rechiedza rakakwirira kupfuura 150 μ mol / m2 · s dzakakura zvishoma nezvishoma padzakatamira kumunda wepurazi.

Kukura kwembeu dzewatermelon kwaive kwakanakisa apo chiyero chetsvuku nebhuruu chaive 5:1. Zvichienderana nemhedzisiro dzakasiyana dzechiedza chebhuruu nechiedza chitsvuku pamiti, nzira yakanakisa yekuvhenekesa ndeyekuwedzera zvakaenzana chiyero chechiedza chebhuruu pakutanga kwekukura kwembeu, uye kuwedzera chiedza chitsvuku pakupera kwekukura kwembeu; shandisa chiedza chisina kusimba pakutanga, uye wobva washandisa chiedza chakasimba pakupera kwekukura.