Chinyorwa Chinobva: Chinyorwa cheKurima Mechanisation Research;

Munyori: Yingying Shan, Xinmin Shan, Song Gu.

Watermelon, sechirimwa chehupfumi, ine musika wakakura unodiwa uye zvemhando yepamusoro zvinodiwa, asi kurimwa kwayo mhodzi kwakaomera melon uye eggplant. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti: watermelon chirimwa chine rudo chakareruka. Kana pasina chiedza chakakwana mushure mokunge mbesa yemavise yatyoka, inokura uye ichiita mbesa dzetsoka dzakakwirira, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kunaka kwembesa uye gare gare kukura. Mavise kubva pakudyara kusvika pakudyara inoitika pakati paZvita wegore iroro naKukadzi wegore rinotevera, unova mwaka une tembiricha yakaderera, chiedza chisina kusimba uye chirwere chakanyanya. Kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kweChina, zvinowanzoitika kuti hapana zuva remazuva gumi kusvika hafu yemwedzi mukutanga kwechirimo. Kana kukaramba kuchinaya uye kune chando mamiriro ekunze, zvinotokonzera nhamba huru yembeu dzakafa, izvo zvichaunza kukuvadza kukuru kune kurasikirwa kwehupfumi hwevarimi.

Mashandisirwo emagetsi ekugadzira magetsi, semuenzaniso, mwenje kubva ku LED inokura mwenje, kuisa "mwenje fetireza" kuzvirimwa zvinosanganisira mbesa dzemavise pasi pemamiriro ekushomeka kwezuva, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekuwedzera goho, kushanda zvakanaka, mhando yepamusoro, chirwere. kuramba uye kusasvibisa-kusvibiswa uku uchisimudzira kukura nekuvandudzwa kwezvirimwa, yanga iri nzira yakakosha yekutsvagisa yesainzi yekugadzira zvekurima kwemakore mazhinji.

Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvagiridzo yakawedzera kuti chiyero chakasiyana chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chakavewo nemhedzisiro yakakura pakukura kwembeu dzezvirimwa. Semuenzaniso, muongorori Tang Dawei nevamwe vakawana kuti R / b = 7: 3 ndiyo yakanakisa tsvuku uye yebhuruu chiedza reshiyo yecucumber seedling kukura; muongorori Gao Yi nevamwe vakaratidza mubepa ravo kuti R / b = 8: 1 yakasanganiswa mwenje sosi ndiyo yakanyanya kukodzera mwenje wekuwedzera gadziriso yeLuffa seedling kukura.

Kare, vamwe vanhu vakaedza kushandisa magetsi ekugadzira semwenje efluorescent nemarambi esodium kuita ongororo yembeu, asi mhedzisiro yacho haina kunaka. Kubva kuma1990s, kwave netsvakiridzo pakurima mbesa uchishandisa mwenje we LED kukura sekuwedzera mwenje masosi.

Mwenje dze LED dzinokura dzine zvakanakira kuchengetedza simba, kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedzwa uye kuvimbika, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, hukuru hudiki, huremu huremu, kugadzirwa kwakaderera kwekupisa uye kupararira kwakanaka kwechiedza kana kubatanidza kutonga. Inogona kusanganiswa maererano nezvinodiwa kuti uwane yakachena monochromatic chiedza uye composite spectrum, uye inobudirira kushandiswa mwero simba chiedza anogona kusvika 80% - 90%. Inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yakanakisisa sosi yechiedza mukurima.

Parizvino, nhamba huru yezvidzidzo zvakaitwa pakurima mupunga, gaka uye sipinachi ine yakachena LED chiedza sosi muChina, uye kumwe kufambira mberi kwakaitwa. Nekudaro, kune mbesa dzemavise dzakaoma kukura, tekinoroji yazvino inoramba iri padanho rechiedza chechisikigo, uye mwenje we LED unongoshandiswa sekuwedzera kwechiedza.

I Tichitarisa matambudziko ari pamusoro apa, bepa rino richaedza kushandisa mwenje we LED sechiedza chakachena kuti udzidze kugona kwekurera kwembesa yewatermelon uye neyakajeka inopenya flux ratio yekuvandudza kunaka kwemadzinde emavise pasina kuvimba nechiedza chezuva, kuitira ipa theoretical hwaro uye dhata tsigiro yekudzora kwechiedza chevhavha mbesa muzvivakwa.

A.Test process uye mhedzisiro

1. Kuedza zvinhu uye kurapwa kwakareruka

Watermelon ZAOJIA 8424 yakashandiswa mukuyedza, uye svikiro rekudyara raive Jinhai Jinjin 3. Nzvimbo yekuyedza yakasarudzwa muLED grow light nursery fekitori muQuzhou City uye mwenje we LED kukura wakashandiswa sechiedza chechiedza sosi. Muedzo wacho wakatora 5 cycles. Nguva yekuyedza imwe chete yaive mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu kubva pakunyudzwa kwembeu, kumera kusvika pakukura kwemhodzi. Photoperiod yaive maawa masere. Tembiricha yemukati yaive 25 ° kusvika 28 ° masikati (7:00-17:00) uye 15 ° kusvika 18 ° manheru (17:00-7:00). The ambient humidity yaive 60% - 80%.

Tsvuku nebhuruu mabhero e LED anoshandiswa mu LED kukura mwenje gadziriso, ine red wavelength ye660nm uye yebhuruu wavelength ye450nm. Muchiyedzo, mwenje dzvuku nebhuruu ine ruminous flux reshiyo ye5:1, 6:1 uye 7:13 yakashandiswa kuenzanisa.

2. Measurement index uye nzira

Pakupera kwechikamu chega chega, madzinde matatu akasarudzwa zvisina tsarukano kuti aedze mhando yembesa. Ma indexes aisanganisira huremu hwakaoma uye hutsva, kureba kwechirimwa, dhayamita yetsinde, nhamba yeshizha, nzvimbo chaiyo yeshizha uye kureba kwemidzi. Pakati pavo, kureba kwechirimwa, dhayamita yetsinde uye kureba kwemidzi kunogona kuyerwa nevernier caliper; nhamba yeshizha uye nhamba yemidzi inogona kuverengwa nemaoko; uremu hwakaoma uye hutsva uye nzvimbo chaiyo yeshizha inogona kuverengwa nemutongi.

3. Nhamba yekuongorora data

4. Migumisiro

Mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidzwa muTafura 1 uye nhamba 1-5.

Kubva patafura 1 uye mufananidzo 1-5, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti nekuwedzera kwechiedza kuti chipfuure, huremu hwakaoma hunoderera, kureba kwechirimwa kunowedzera (kune chiitiko chehurefu husina maturo), dzinde rechirimwa riri kuwedzera. akaonda uye madiki, iyo chaiyo shizha nzvimbo inoderedzwa, uye kureba kwemidzi kupfupi uye kupfupika.

B.Kuongororwa kwemigumisiro uye kuongorora

1. Kana chiedza chekupfuura chiri 5: 1, kukura kwembesa yewatermelon ndiko kwakanyanya.

2. Iyo yakaderera seeding yakavhenekerwa ne LED inokura mwenje ine high blue light reshiyo inoratidza kuti chiedza chebhuruu chine kudzvinyirira kuri pachena pakukura kwechirimwa, kunyanya padzinde rechirimwa, uye harina simba riri pachena pakukura kweshizha; mwenje mutsvuku unokurudzira kukura kwechirimwa, uye chirimwa chinokura nekukurumidza kana chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku chakakura, asi kureba kwayo kuri pachena, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 2.

3. Chirimwa chinoda reshiyo yakasiyana yechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu munguva dzakasiyana dzekukura. Semuenzaniso, mhodzi dzemavise dzinoda mwenje webhuruu mukutanga, izvo zvinogona kudzvanyirira kukura kwembesa; asi munguva inotevera, inoda mwenje mutsvuku. Kana chikamu chechiedza chebhuruu chikaramba chakakwirira, mbeu ichava duku uye pfupi.

4. Kureruka kwekusimba kwembesa yewatermelon mukutanga hakugone kusimba zvakanyanya, izvo zvinokanganisa kukura kwembeu. Nzira iri nani ndeyokushandisa chiedza chisina simba mukutanga uye wozoshandisa chiedza chakasimba gare gare.

5. Inonzwisisika LED kukura chiedza kuvhenekera kuchave nechokwadi. Inowanikwa kuti iyo kana kusimba kwechiedza kwakadzikira, kukura kwembeu hakuna simba uye kuri nyore kukura pasina. Inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti kupenya kwakajairika kwembesa hakugone kuderera kupfuura 120wml; zvisinei, kuchinja kwemaitiro ekukura kwembesa nekupenya kwakanyanya hakusi pachena, uye kushandiswa kwesimba kunowedzera, izvo zvisingabatsiri kune ramangwana rekushanda kwefekitari.

C. Results

Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti zvaigoneka kushandisa mwenje we LED kurima mbesa dzemavise mukamuri ine rima, uye 5: 1 inopenya inoyerera yaibatsira mukukura kwemadzinde emavise kupfuura katanhatu kana kanomwe. Pane mapoinzi matatu akakosha mukushandiswa kwehunyanzvi hweLED mukurima kwemanwiwa mumaindasitiri

1. Chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu chakakosha zvikuru. Kukura kwekutanga kwembeu dzemavise hakugone kuvhenekerwa ne LED kukura mwenje ine yakawandisa yebhuruu mwenje, zvikasadaro zvinokanganisa kukura kwekupedzisira.

2. Chiedza chechiedza chine simba rinokosha pakusiyanisa kwemasero uye nhengo dzembeu dze watermelon. Kusimba kwechiedza kwakasimba kunoita kuti mbesa dzikure dzakasimba; kusimba kwechiedza chisina simba kunoita kuti mbesa dzikure pasina.

3. Muchikamu chekudyara, zvichienzaniswa nembeu ine chiedza chakadzika pasi pe 120 μ mol / m2 · s, mbesa dzine chiedza chechiedza chakakwirira kudarika 150 μ mol / m2 · s yakakura zvishoma nezvishoma pavakatamira kumunda wepurazi.

Kukura kwemhodzi dzemavise ndiko kwaive kwakanakisa apo reshiyo yehutsvuku nebhuruu yaive 5:1. Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yakasiyana yechiedza chebhuruu uye mwenje mutsvuku pazvirimwa, nzira yakanakisa yekuvhenekera ndeyekuwedzera zvakakodzera chikamu chechiedza chebhuruu muchikamu chekutanga chekukura kwembesa, uye kuwedzera mwenje mutsvuku munguva yekupedzisira yekukura kwembesa; shandisa chiedza chisina simba mukutanga, uye shandisa chiedza chakasimba munguva yekupedzisira.