original Zhang Zhuoyan Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology 2022-09-09 17:20 Posted in Beijing

Common greenhouse marudzi uye maitiro ekurima berry

Maberry anokohwewa gore rose kuchamhembe kweChina uye anoda kurimwa kwegreenhouse. Nekudaro, matambudziko akasiyana akawanikwa mukudyara chaiko uchishandisa marudzi akasiyana ezvivakwa senge solar greenhouses, multi-span greenhouses, uye mafirimu greenhouses.

01 Firimu Greenhouse

Kubatsira kwekukura ma berries mufirimu greenhouse ndeyekuti kune mavhuriro mana emhepo kumativi ose uye kumusoro kwegreenhouse, imwe neimwe ine hupamhi hwe50-80cm, uye mhepo yemhepo yakanaka. Nekudaro, nekuti hazvikonzerese kuwedzera thermal insulation zvinhu senge quilts, iyo thermal insulation effect haina kunaka. Iyo yakaderera avhareji tembiricha usiku kuchamhembe kwechando i -9 ° C, uye avhareji tembiricha mufirimu greenhouse i -8 ° C. Berries haigoni kukura munguva yechando.

02 Solar Greenhouse

Zvakanakira kurima ma berries mu solar greenhouse ndewekuti kana tembiricha shoma yehusiku kuchamhembe kwechando iri -9 ° C, avhareji tembiricha mu solar greenhouse inogona kusvika 8 ° C. Zvisinei, rusvingo rwevhu re solar greenhouse rinotungamirira kune yakaderera mwero wekushandiswa kwenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, kune mazarure maviri emhepo kudivi rezasi uye kumusoro kwesolar greenhouse, imwe neimwe ine hupamhi hwe50-80cm, uye mhepo yekufema haina kunaka.

03 Multi-span greenhouse

Kubatsira kwekukura ma berries mune yakawanda-span firimu greenhouse ndeyekuti iyo yakawanda-span greenhouse chimiro haitore imwe minda yekurima, uye chiyero chekushandiswa kwevhu chakakwira. Kune huwandu husere hwekuvhura kwemhepo pamativi mana nepamusoro peiyo yakawanda-span greenhouse (tora 30m×30m yakawanda-span greenhouse semuenzaniso). Iyo ventilation effect inovimbiswa. Nekudaro, kana tembiricha yepakati pehusiku kuchamhembe kwechando iri -9 ° C, avhareji tembiricha mune yakawanda-span film greenhouse i -7°C. Munguva yechando, kushandiswa kwesimba kwemazuva ese kuchengetedza hushoma tembiricha yemukati kusvika 15°C pakukura kwakajairika kunogona kusvika 340 kW•h/667m.².

Kubva 2018 kusvika 2022, timu yemunyori yakaedza uye kuenzanisa mashandisiro ekushandiswa kwemafirimu greenhouses, solar greenhouses uye akawanda-span greenhouses. Panguva imwecheteyo, smart greenhouse yakakodzera kurima berry yakagadzirwa uye yakavakwa nenzira yakanangwa.

Kuenzanisa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zve greenhouse dzakasiyana

Firimu greenhouses, solar greenhouses uye akawanda-span greenhouses

Kaviri-span greenhouse yemaberries

Pahwaro hweakajairwa greenhouses, timu yemunyori yakagadzira uye yakavaka kaviri-span greenhouse yekudyara berry, uye vakaita muyedzo kudyara nema raspberries semuenzaniso. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti greenhouse nyowani inogadzira nharaunda inokura inokodzera kudyara berry, uye yakagadziridza kuravira uye zvinovaka muviri zve raspberries.

Chibereko Chekudya Kuumbwa Kuenzanisa

Kaviri-span greenhouse

Iyo kaviri-span greenhouse imhando nyowani yegreenhouse ine mhepo yekufefetera, mwenje wekuita uye chiyero chekushandiswa kwevhu zvakanyanya kukodzera kurima bheri. Izvo zvimiro zvimiro zvinoratidzwa mutafura iri pasi apa.

Kaviri-span greenhouse profile/mm

Kaviri-span greenhouse chimiro parameters

Kureba kwekudyara kwema berries kwakasiyana nekukwirira kwekudyara kwemiriwo yemagariro. Mhando dzeraspberry dzakarimwa dzinogona kusvika kupfuura 2m. Padivi rezasi regreenhouse, michero yeberry ichave yakanyanya kukwirira uye inopwanya mufirimu. Kukura kwema berries kunoda chiedza chakasimba (yakazara solar radiation 400 ~ 800 radiation units (10⁴W/m²). Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva patafura iri pasi apa kuti chiedza chenguva refu uye chiedza chakanyanya muzhizha hachina zvazvinoita pamabriji, uye munguva yechando kuderera kwechiedza uye nguva pfupi yechiedza zvakakonzera kuderera kwezvibereko zveberry. Panewo kusiyana kwechiedza chechiedza kumativi ekuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba kwezuva rinopisa, izvo zvinotungamirira kumutsauko wekukura kwemiti kumativi ekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba. Ivhu revhu rekuvakwa kwemadziro evhu rekupisa kwezuva rakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya, chiyero chekushandiswa kwevhu chinongova hafu, uye zviyero zvemvura zvinokanganiswa nekuwedzera kwehupenyu hwebasa.

mhedzisiro yekusimba kwechiedza uye kureba kwenguva pane raspberry goho munguva yechando nezhizha

kushandiswa kwevhu

01 Greenhouse ventilation

Iyo itsva kaviri-span greenhouse yakawedzera kureba kwekudzika kwemhepo panzvimbo yakaderera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana firimu munzvimbo yekudyara inogona kuvharira kukura kwezvirimwa. Kuenzaniswa neakadzika mavhavha ane hupamhi hwe 0.4-0.6m mune akajairwa solar greenhouses, mavhavha ane hupamhi hwe 1.2-1.5m mune kaviri-span greenhouse yakawedzera kaviri nzvimbo yekufefetera.

02 Mwero wekushandiswa kwevhu yegreenhouse uye Kudziya & Insulation

Iyo kaviri-span greenhouse inotsamira pane imwe nzvimbo ye16m uye kureba kwe5.5m. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa solar greenhouses, nzvimbo yemukati yakakura ka1.5, uye 95% yenzvimbo chaiyo yekudyara inowanikwa pasina kuvaka madziro evhu, iyo inovandudza huwandu hwekushandiswa kwevhu neanopfuura 40%. Yakasiyana nemadziro evhu akavakirwa kupisa kwekupisa uye kuchengetwa kwekupisa mu solar greenhouses, iyo kaviri-span greenhouse inotora yemukati thermal insulation system uye uriri hwekudziya pombi kudziyisa system, isingatore nzvimbo yekudyara. Iyo yakakura span inounza iyo yakapetwa kaviri nzvimbo uye huwandu hwemwenje transmittance, iyo inowedzera ivhu kupisa kuchengetedza ne 0 ~ 5 ° C gore-pa-gore. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yemukati yekupisa yekupisa quilt uye seti yepasi yekudziya pombi yekudziya masisitimu inowedzerwa kune greenhouse kuchengetedza mukati mekushisa kwegreenhouse kusvika pamusoro pe15 ° C pasi pekutonhora kwe -20 ° C muchando chekuchamhembe. nokudaro kuve nechokwadi chekubuda kwakajairika kwema berries munguva yechando.

03 Greenhouse mwenje

Kukura kwemajiroji kune zvakakwirira zvinodikanwa pachiedza, izvo zvinoda yakazara solar irradiance ye400-800 radiation units (10).⁴W/m²) yekusimba kwechiedza. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa greenhouse light zvinosanganisira mamiriro ekunze, mwaka, latitude uye zvivakwa zvekuvaka. Zvitatu zvekutanga zviitiko zvechisikigo uye hazvidzorwe nevanhu, nepo zvekupedzisira zvinodzorwa nevanhu. Kuvhenekera kwegreenhouse kunonyanya kuenderana neiyo greenhouse orientation (mukati me10 ° maodzanyemba kana kuchamhembe), padenga angle (20 ~ 40 °), shading nzvimbo yezvivakwa zvekuvaka, mwenje kufambisa kwemafirimu epurasitiki uye kusvibiswa, madonhwe emvura, dhigirii rekukwegura, izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa greenhouse lighting. Kanzura iyo yekunze yekupisa yekupisa uye tora iyo yemukati yekupisa yekumisa chimiro, iyo inogona kuderedza shading pamusoro ne20%. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekufambisa kwechiedza uye hupenyu hunobudirira hwebasa remufirimu, zvakakosha kubvisa mvura inonaya uye chando pamusoro pefirimu nenguva. Mushure mekuedza, zvakaonekwa kuti kona yedenga re25 ~ 27 ° inonyanya kukonzeresa kudonha kwemvura nechando. Iyo yakakura yakareba yegreenhouse uye kuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba kurongeka kunogona kuita yunifomu yekuvhenekera kugadzirisa dambudziko rekusawirirana kwechirimwa kukura mune imwechete greenhouse.

Special hombe-span thermal insulation plastiki greenhouse for berries

Chikwata chemunyori chakatsvaga uye chakavaka yakakura-span greenhouse. Iyi greenhouse ine mabhenefiti makuru mukuvaka mutengo-kushanda, goho reberry uye mashandiro ekudzivirira kupisa.

Yakakura-span greenhouse structure parameters

Yakakura-span greenhouse structure

01 Tembiricha inobatsira

Iyo yakakura-span greenhouse haidi madziro evhu, uye chiyero chekushandiswa kwevhu cheyakajairwa solar greenhouse inowedzerwa neinopfuura 30%. Zvakatemerwa kuti hombe-refu yekunze yekupisa yekupisa yepurasitiki greenhouse inogona kusvika 6°C kana tembiricha yekunze iri -15°C, uye musiyano wetembiricha pakati pemukati nekunze uri 21°C. Mukutaura kwekupisa kwekushisa, kwakafanana nekushanda kwezuva regreenhouse.

Kuenzanisa kwekupisa kwekushisa uye kupisa kwekushisa kwekuita pakati pehombe-span greenhouse uye solar greenhouse munguva yechando.

02 Zvimiro zvakanakira

Nzvimbo yacho ine chimiro chinonzwisisika, nheyo yakasimba, mhepo inopikisa yegiredhi 10, chando chinotakura 0.43kN/m², kupikisa kwakasimba kune njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzakadai sekunaya kwemvura uye kuunganidza chando, uye hupenyu hwebasa hwemakore anopfuura gumi nemashanu. Kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairwa greenhouses, nzvimbo yemukati yenzvimbo imwe chete inowedzerwa ne2 ~ 3 nguva, iyo iri nyore kune mechanized mashandiro, uye inokodzera kudyarwa kwezvirimwa zvine miti mirefu (2m ± 1m).

03 Chiedza uye nzvimbo nharaunda zvakanakira

Mahombe-span greenhouses anobatsira kwazvo kune manejimendi evashandi uye kuronga mukudyara kwakakura, uye anogona kunyatso kudzivirira kutambisa kwevashandi. Dhizaini yedenga rehombe-span greenhouse inotarisisa zvizere kukwira kwezuva uye kona yechiitiko chechiedza chezuva pane firimu repamusoro pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana, kuitira kuti igadzire mamiriro ekuvhenekera akanaka mumwaka wakasiyana uye nguva dzakasiyana dzechiitiko chezuva (yakasanganiswa. nekona pakati pemufirimu wepamusoro uye pasi ndeye 27 ° kuti mvura nechando zvitsvedze pasi zvakakwana) , kuitira kuderedza kupararira uye kuputika kwechiedza zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva. Nzvimbo yegreenhouse yakakura inowedzerwa nekanopfuura ka2, uye CO₂ maererano nemhepo inowedzerwa nekanopfuura ka2, iyo inobatsira pakukura kwezvirimwa uye inozadzisa chinangwa chekuwedzera kugadzirwa.

Kuenzanisa kwezvivako zvakasiyana-siyana zvekukura ma berries

Chinangwa chekuvaka greenhouse inonyanya kukodzera kudyara berry ndeyekuwana nzvimbo yakakosha yekukura uye kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza mukudyara berry, uye kukura kwemiti intuitively kunoratidza zvakanakira nekuipira kwenzvimbo yavo yekukura.

Kuenzanisa kwekukura kwe raspberries mune dzakasiyana greenhouses

Kuenzanisa kwekukura kwe raspberries mune dzakasiyana greenhouses

Huwandu uye kunaka kwegoho remuchero we raspberry zvinoenderanawo nemamiriro ekukura uye kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza. Chiyero chekuteerera chemuchero wekutanga-kirasi inodarika 70% uye kubuda kwe4t/667m² zvinoreva purofiti yakakwirira.

kuenzanisa kwegoho remagreenhouses akasiyana uye mwero wekutevedzera mwero wemichero yekutanga-kirasi

Raspberry zvigadzirwa 

Citation information

Zhang Zhuoyan.Chivakwa chakakosha chivakwa chakakodzera kurima raspberry [J]. Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022,42(22):12-15.