Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, nezvimwe.Tekinoroji yeinjiniya yekurima yegreenhouse2022-11-21 17:42 Yakaburitswa muBeijing

Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yegreenhouse yave ichivandudzwa zvine simba. Kuvandudzwa kwegreenhouse hakungogadzirisi chete mwero wekushandiswa kwevhu uye mwero wekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa, asiwo kunogadzirisa dambudziko rekuwanikwa kwemichero nemiriwo panguva yekusashanda kwemwaka. Zvisinei, greenhouse yakasanganawo nematambudziko asina kumboitika. Zvivako zvepakutanga, nzira dzekudziyisa uye mafomu ekuvaka zvakakonzera kuramba nharaunda nekuvandudzwa. Zvinhu zvitsva nemagadzirirwo matsva zvinodiwa nekukurumidza kuti kuchinje chimiro chegreenhouse, uye masosi matsva esimba anodiwa nekukurumidza kuti azadzise zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza simba nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa nemari.

Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura dingindira rekuti "simba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva, dhizaini itsva yekubatsira shanduko itsva yegreenhouse", kusanganisira kutsvagisa nekuvandudza simba rezuva, simba rebiomass, simba regeothermal nezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zvesimba mugreenhouse, kutsvagisa nekushandisa zvinhu zvitsva zvekufukidza, kuputira kupisa, madziro nezvimwe zvishandiso, uye tarisiro yeramangwana nekufunga nezvesimba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye dhizaini itsva yekubatsira kuvandudzwa kwegreenhouse, kuitira kupa ruzivo rweindasitiri.

Kugadzira kurima kwezvivakwa ndicho chinodiwa nezvematongerwo enyika uye sarudzo isingadzivisike yekushandisa mweya wemirairo yakakosha uye sarudzo dzehurumende huru. Muna 2020, nzvimbo yese yekurima yakachengetedzwa muChina ichave mamiriyoni 2.8 hm2, uye kukosha kwemugodhi kuchapfuura 1 trillion yuan. Iyi inzira yakakosha yekuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira greenhouse yekuvandudza mashandiro emwenje yegreenhouse uye kupisa kwekupisa kuburikidza nesimba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye dhizaini itsva yegreenhouse. Kune zvakawanda zvakashata mukugadzirwa kwegreenhouse yechinyakare, senge marasha, mafuta emafuta uye mamwe masosi esimba anoshandiswa kudziyisa nekudziya mugreenhouse yechinyakare, zvichikonzera huwandu hwakawanda hwegasi re dioxide, iro rinosvibisa nharaunda zvakanyanya, nepo gasi rechisikigo, simba remagetsi nezvimwe masosi esimba zvichiwedzera mutengo wekushanda kwegreenhouse. Zvinhu zvechinyakare zvekuchengetera kupisa zvemadziro egreenhouse zvinonyanya kuve ivhu nezvidhinha, izvo zvinodya zvakawanda uye zvinokonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kuzviwanikwa zvevhu. Kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandiswa kwevhu kwegreenhouse yechinyakare yezuva ine madziro evhu i40% ~ 50% chete, uye greenhouse yakajairika ine kugona kwakaderera kwekuchengetedza kupisa, saka haigone kurarama munguva yechando kugadzira miriwo inodziya kuchamhembe kweChina. Saka, chinangwa chikuru chekusimudzira shanduko yegreenhouse, kana kuti tsvakiridzo huru iri mukugadzira, kutsvaga nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva nesimba idzva. Chinyorwa chino chichatarisa pakutsvaga nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvesimba mugreenhouse, kupfupikisa mamiriro ekutsvagisa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvesimba zvakaita sesimba rezuva, simba rebiomass, simba regeothermal, simba remhepo nezvinhu zvitsva zvinoonekera, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa uye zvinhu zvemadziro mugreenhouse, kuongorora kushandiswa kwesimba idzva nezvinhu zvitsva mukuvaka greenhouse itsva, uye kutarisira basa razvo mukuvandudza nekushandura greenhouse mune ramangwana.

Tsvagiridzo neKugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva zveGreenhouse yeSimba

Simba idzva regirini rine mukana mukuru wekushandisa kurima rinosanganisira simba rezuva, simba rekupisa kwepasi uye simba rebiomass, kana kushandiswa kwakakwana kwesimba idzva, kuitira kuti simba rishandiswe zvakanaka nekudzidza kubva pane zvakanaka zviri pakati pevamwe.

simba rezuva/simba rezuva

Tekinoroji yesimba rezuva inzira yekugovera simba ine kabhoni shoma, inoshanda zvakanaka uye inoenderera mberi, uye chikamu chakakosha chemaindasitiri ari kubuda muChina. Ichava sarudzo isingadzivisike yekushandura nekuvandudza chimiro chesimba reChina mune ramangwana. Kubva pakuona kwekushandiswa kwesimba, greenhouse pachayo inzvimbo yekushandisa simba rezuva. Kuburikidza nemhedzisiro yegreenhouse, simba rezuva rinounganidzwa mukati, tembiricha yegreenhouse inokwidzwa, uye kupisa kunodiwa kuti zvirimwa zvikure kunopihwa. Simba guru rephotosynthesis yezvirimwa zvegreenhouse izuva rakananga, iro riri kushandiswa zvakananga kwesimba rezuva.

01 Kugadzira simba re photovoltaic kugadzira kupisa

Kugadzira simba remagetsi ezuva (photovoltaic power) tekinoroji inoshandura simba rechiedza kuita simba remagetsi zvakananga zvichibva pamhedzisiro yemagetsi ezuva (photovoltaic effect). Chinhu chikuru chetekinoroji iyi i solar cell. Kana simba rezuva richipenya pamapaneru ezuva akatevedzana kana kuti panguva imwe chete, zvikamu zve semiconductor zvinoshandura simba remwaranzi yezuva kuita simba remagetsi. Tekinoroji yemagetsi ezuva inogona kushandura simba rechiedza kuita simba remagetsi zvakananga, kuchengeta magetsi kuburikidza nemabhatiri, uye kupisa greenhouse husiku, asi kudhura kwayo kwakanyanya kunoderedza kukura kwayo. Boka rekutsvagisa rakagadzira mudziyo wekupisa we photovoltaic graphene, une mapaneru e photovoltaic anochinjika, muchina we all-in-one reverse control, bhatiri rekuchengetera uye tsvimbo yekupisa ye graphene. Zvichienderana nehurefu hwetambo yekudyara, tsvimbo yekupisa ye graphene inovigwa pasi pebhegi re substrate. Masikati, mapaneru e photovoltaic anotora mwaranzi yezuva kuti agadzire magetsi uye oichengeta mubhatiri rekuchengetera, uye magetsi anoburitswa husiku kune tsvimbo yekupisa ye graphene. Mukuyera chaiko, nzira yekudzora tembiricha inotanga pa17℃ uye yovhara pa19℃ inotorwa. Kumhanya husiku (20:00-08:00 pazuva rechipiri) kwemaawa masere, simba rinoshandiswa pakudziisa mutsetse mumwe chete wezvirimwa i1.24 kW·h, uye avhareji yekupisa kwebhegi repasi pevhu husiku i19.2℃, inova 3.5 ~ 5.3℃ yakakwira kupfuura yekutonga. Nzira iyi yekudziisa pamwe chete nekugadzira simba rephotovoltaic inogadzirisa matambudziko ekushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda uye kusvibiswa kwakanyanya mukudziyisa kwegreenhouse muchando.

02 Kushandurwa kwe photothermal uye kushandiswa

Kushandurwa kwechiedza chezuva (solar photothermal conversion) zvinoreva kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yakakosha yekuunganidza chiedza chezuva yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinoshandura chiedza chezuva (photothermal conversion) kuti iunganidze uye itore simba rezuva rakawanda rinobuda pairi sezvinobvira uye riite simba rekupisa. Kana tichienzanisa nekushandiswa kwechiedza chezuva (solar photovoltaic applications), kushandiswa kwechiedza chezuva (solar photothermal applications) kunowedzera kunyudzwa kwebhendi remusana we infrared, saka ine simba rekushandisa chiedza chezuva zvakanyanya, inodhura zvishoma uye tekinoroji yakakura, uye ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pakushandisa simba rezuva.

Tekinoroji yakakura kwazvo yekushandura nekushandisa photothermal muChina ndeye solar collector, iyo inonyanya kukosha kwayo iri plate inonwisa kupisa ine selective absorption coating, iyo inogona kushandura simba remwaranzi yezuva rinopfuura nepa cover plate kuita simba rekupisa uye kuriendesa kune working-absorbing medium. Solar collectors dzinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvichienderana nekuti pane vacuum space mu collector here kana kuti kwete: flat solar collectors ne vacuum tube solar collectors; concentrating solar collectors ne non-concentrating solar collectors zvichienderana nekuti solar radiation iri pa daylighting port inochinja here direction; uye liquid solar collectors ne air solar collectors zvichienderana nerudzi rwe heat transfer working medium.

Kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva mugreenhouse kunonyanya kuitwa kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzevanounganidza simba rezuva. Yunivhesiti yeIbn Zor muMorocco yakagadzira sisitimu yekupisa simba rezuva (ASHS) yekudziya greenhouse, iyo inogona kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwematomatisi ne55% munguva yechando. China Agricultural University yakagadzira uye yakagadzira sisitimu yekuunganidza nekuburitsa mafeni ekutonhorera pamusoro, ine simba rekuunganidza kupisa re390.6～693.0 MJ, uye yakaburitsa pfungwa yekuparadzanisa maitiro ekuunganidza kupisa kubva kumaitiro ekuchengetedza kupisa nepombi yekupisa. Yunivhesiti yeBari muItaly yakagadzira sisitimu yekupisa yegreenhouse polygeneration, ine sisitimu yesimba rezuva nepombi yekupisa yemhepo-mvura, uye inogona kuwedzera tembiricha yemhepo ne3.6% uye tembiricha yevhu ne92%. Boka rekutsvagisa rakagadzira mhando yemidziyo yekuunganidza kupisa yezuva inoshanda ine angle inoshanduka yekuisa yegreenhouse yezuva, uye chishandiso chekuchengetedza kupisa chemuviri wemvura yegreenhouse mumamiriro ekunze. Tekinoroji yekuunganidza kupisa yezuva inoshanda ine kushanduka kunodarika miganho yemidziyo yekuunganidza kupisa yegreenhouse yechinyakare, senge kugona kushoma kwekuunganidza kupisa, mumvuri uye kugara kwevhu rakarimwa. Nekushandisa chimiro chegreenhouse chakakosha chegreenhouse yezuva, nzvimbo isina kudyarwa yegreenhouse inoshandiswa zvizere, izvo zvinovandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro enzvimbo yegreenhouse. Mumamiriro ekushanda akajairika ezuva, sisitimu yekuunganidza kupisa kwezuva inoshanda ine variable inclination inosvika 1.9 MJ/(m2h), kushanda kwesimba rekushandisa simba kunosvika 85.1% uye mwero wekuchengetedza simba i77%. Mu tekinoroji yekuchengetedza kupisa yegreenhouse, chimiro che multi-phase heat storage chinoiswa, kugona kwekuchengetedza kupisa kwemudziyo wekuchengetedza kupisa kunowedzerwa, uye kuburitswa kwekupisa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mumudziyo kunoitika, kuitira kuti pave nekushandiswa kwakanaka kwekupisa kunounganidzwa nemidziyo yekuunganidza kupisa yegreenhouse yezuva.

simba rebiomass

Chivako chitsva chekuvaka chinovakwa nekubatanidza mudziyo unogadzira kupisa webiomass negreenhouse, uye zvinhu zvakabikwa zvebiomass zvakaita sendove yenguruve, howa hwasara nehuswa zvinogadzirwa kuti zvipise, uye simba rekupisa rinogadzirwa rinoendeswa zvakananga kugreenhouse [5]. Kana tichienzanisa negreenhouse isina biomass fermentation heating tank, heating greenhouse inogona kuwedzera tembiricha yevhu mugreenhouse uye kuchengetedza tembiricha yakakodzera yemidzi yezvirimwa zvinorimwa muvhu mumamiriro ekunze akajairika munguva yechando. Kutora greenhouse ine insulation yekupisa ine jira rimwe chete ine hurefu hwemamita gumi nemanomwe uye hurefu hwemamita makumi matatu semuenzaniso, kuwedzera 8m yemarara ekurima (uswa hwematomatisi nenguruve zvakasanganiswa) mutangi rekuvirisa mukati meimba kuti rivirise zvakasikwa pasina kutenderedza murwi kunogona kuwedzera tembiricha yezuva nezuva yegreenhouse ne4.2℃ munguva yechando, uye tembiricha yezuva nezuva inogona kusvika 4.6℃.

Kushandiswa kwesimba rebiomass inodzorwa nekuvirisa inzira yekuvirisa inoshandisa midziyo nemidziyo kudzora maitiro ekuvirisa kuitira kuti iwane nekukurumidza uye ishandise zvinobudirira simba rekupisa rebiomass uye fetiraiza yeCO2 gas, pakati pazvo mhepo neunyoro ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinodzora kupisa kwekuvirisa uye kugadzirwa kwegasi rebiomass. Pasi pemamiriro emhepo, zvipembenene zvine aerobic mudura rekuvirisa zvinoshandisa okisijeni pamabasa ehupenyu, uye chikamu chesimba rinogadzirwa chinoshandiswa pamabasa azvo ehupenyu, uye chikamu chesimba chinoburitswa munzvimbo sesimba rekupisa, izvo zvinobatsira pakuwedzera kwekupisa kwenharaunda. Mvura inobatanidzwa mumaitiro ese ekuvirisa, ichipa zvinovaka muviri zvinonyungudika zvinodiwa pamabasa ehutachiona, uye panguva imwe chete ichiburitsa kupisa kwedura muchimiro chemhepo mumvura, kuitira kuderedza tembiricha yedura, kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvipembenene uye kuwedzera tembiricha yakawanda yedura. Kuisa mudziyo wekuburitsa uswa mutangi rekuvirisa kunogona kuwedzera tembiricha yemukati ne3 ~ 5℃ munguva yechando, kusimbisa photosynthesis yezvirimwa uye kuwedzera goho rematomatisi ne29.6%.

Simba remhepo inopisa

China yakapfuma muzviwanikwa zvegeothermal. Parizvino, nzira yakajairika yekushandisa simba regeothermal muzvivakwa zvekurima ndeyekushandisa pombi yekupisa inobva pasi, iyo inogona kuchinja kubva pasimba rekupisa repasi pevhu kuenda kune simba rekupisa repamusoro nekuisa simba shoma repamusoro (senge simba remagetsi). Kusiyana nematanho echinyakare ekupisa kwegreenhouse, kupisa pombi yekupisa inobva pasi pevhu hakungogone kungoita kupisa kwakakosha chete, asiwo kugona kutonhodza greenhouse nekuderedza hunyoro mugreenhouse. Kutsvaga kwekushandisa pombi yekupisa inobva pasi pevhu mumunda wekuvaka dzimba kwakura. Chikamu chikuru chinokanganisa kugona kwekupisa nekutonhodza kwepombi yekupisa inobva pasi pevhu imodule yekuchinjana kupisa yepasi pevhu, iyo inonyanya kusanganisira mapaipi akavigwa, matsime epasi pevhu, nezvimwewo. Maitiro ekugadzira sisitimu yekuchinjana kupisa pasi pevhu ine mutengo wakaenzana uye mhedzisiro yagara iri chinangwa chekutsvaga kwechikamu ichi. Panguva imwe chete, shanduko yekupisa kwevhu repasi pevhu pakushandiswa kwepombi yekupisa inobva pasi pevhu inokanganisawo mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwesisitimu yekupisa yepombi yekupisa. Kushandisa pombi yekupisa yevhu kutonhodza greenhouse muzhizha uye kuchengetedza simba rekupisa muvhu rakadzika kunogona kuderedza kudonha kwekupisa kwevhu repasi pevhu uye kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwepombi yekupisa yevhu munguva yechando.

Parizvino, mukutsvaga mashandiro uye kushanda zvakanaka kwepombi yekupisa yevhu, kuburikidza nedata rekuyedza chairo, modhi yenhamba inotangwa nesoftware yakaita seTOUGH2 neTRNSYS, uye zvakagumiswa kuti mashandiro ekupisa uye coefficient of performance (COP) yepombi yekupisa yevhu inogona kusvika 3.0 ~ 4.5, iyo ine mhedzisiro yakanaka yekutonhodza nekupisa. Mukutsvaga kwehurongwa hwekushanda kwesystem yepombi yekupisa, Fu Yunzhun nevamwe vakaona kuti zvichienzaniswa nekuyerera kwepadivi pemutoro, kuyerera kwepadivi pemutoro wevhu kune simba guru pakushanda kweyuniti uye mashandiro ekufambisa kupisa kwepombi yakavigwa. Pasi pemamiriro ekuyerera kwemvura, kukosha kwakanyanya kweCOP yeyuniti kunogona kusvika 4.17 nekushandisa chirongwa chekushanda kwemaawa maviri uye kumira kwemaawa maviri; Shi Huixian et. vakatora nzira yekushanda yepakati penguva yesystem yekutonhodza mvura. Muzhizha, kana tembiricha yakakwira, COP yesystem yese yekupa simba inogona kusvika 3.80.

Tekinoroji yekuchengetedza kupisa kwevhu rakadzika mugreenhouse

Kuchengetera kupisa kwevhu rakadzika mugreenhouse kunonziwo "heat storage bank" mugreenhouse. Kukuvara nechando munguva yechando uye tembiricha yepamusoro muzhizha ndizvo zvinotadzisa kugadzirwa kwegreenhouse. Zvichibva pakukwanisa kwakasimba kwekuchengetedza kupisa kwevhu rakadzika, boka rekutsvaga rakagadzira mudziyo wekuchengetera kupisa wakadzika pasi pegreenhouse. Mudziyo uyu ipombi yekufambisa kupisa ine mativi maviri yakavigwa pakadzika kwe1.5 ~ 2.5m pasi pegreenhouse, ine mhepo inopinza pamusoro pegreenhouse uye nzira yekubuditsa mweya pasi. Kana tembiricha iri mugreenhouse yakakwira, mhepo yemukati inopombwa nesimba muvhu nefeni kuti iite kuti kupisa kucheneswe uye tembiricha iderere. Kana tembiricha yegreenhouse yaderera, kupisa kunobviswa muvhu kuti kudzidzire greenhouse. Mhedzisiro yekugadzira nekushandisa inoratidza kuti mudziyo unogona kuwedzera tembiricha yegreenhouse ne2.3℃ husiku hwechando, kuderedza tembiricha yemukati ne2.6℃ muzhizha, uye kuwedzera goho remadomasi ne1500kg mu667 m²Mudziyo uyu unoshandisa zvizere hunhu hwekuti "inodziya munguva yechando uye inotonhorera muzhizha" uye "kupisa nguva dzose" kwevhu rakadzika pasi pevhu, unopa "nzvimbo yekuwana simba" yegreenhouse, uye unoramba uchipedzisa mabasa ekuwedzera ekutonhodza nekudziyisa greenhouse.

Kubatana kwesimba rakawanda

Kushandisa mhando mbiri kana kupfuura dzesimba kupisa greenhouse kunogona kutsiva zvakaipira simba rimwe chete, uye kupa mukana wekuti "imwe kuwedzera imwe inopfuura mbiri". Kubatana pakati pesimba remagetsi nesimba rezuva inzvimbo inonyanya kushandiswa pakutsvaga simba idzva mukugadzirwa kwekurima mumakore achangopfuura. Emmi et. vakadzidza sisitimu yesimba ine masosi akawanda (Mufananidzo 1), iyo ine muchina wekuunganidza simba wezuva we photovoltaic-thermal. Zvichienzaniswa nesystem yepombi yekupisa yemhepo-mvura, kushanda nesimba kwesisitimu yesimba ine masosi akawanda kunovandudzwa ne16% ~ 25%. Zheng et. vakagadzira mhando itsva yesystem yekuchengetedza kupisa yakabatana yesimba rezuva nepombi yekupisa yevhu. Sisitimu yekuunganidza solar inogona kuchengetedza kupisa kwemwaka wepamusoro, kureva, kupisa kwemhando yepamusoro muchando uye kutonhora kwemhando yepamusoro muzhizha. Muchina wekupisa wakavigwa netangi rekuchengetedza kupisa rinogara kwenguva pfupi zvinogona kushanda zvakanaka musisitimu, uye kukosha kweCOP yesisitimu kunogona kusvika 6.96.

Pamwe chete nesimba rezuva, chinangwa chayo ndechekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi ekutengeserana uye kuwedzera kugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi ezuva mugreenhouse. Wan Ya et. vakaisa hurongwa hutsva hwehunyanzvi hwekudzora tekinoroji yekubatanidza kugadzirwa kwesimba rezuva nesimba rekutengeserana kuti kudziya kwegreenhouse kushandiswe, izvo zvinogona kushandisa simba re photovoltaic kana paine chiedza, uye kuchishandura kuita simba rekutengeserana kana pasina chiedza, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kushomeka kwesimba remagetsi, uye kuderedza mari shoma pasina kushandisa mabhatiri.

Simba rezuva, simba rebiomass uye simba remagetsi zvinogona kupisa magreenhouse pamwe chete, izvo zvinogonawo kuita kuti kupisa kushande zvakanaka. Zhang Liangrui nevamwe vakasanganisa solar vacuum tube heat collection ne valley electricity heat storage water tank. Greenhouse heating system ine thermal comfort yakanaka, uye avhareji yekupisa inoshanda yesystem iyi i68.70%. Tangi remvura remagetsi re heating storage mudziyo wekuchengetera mvura ye biomass ine electric heating. Tembiricha yakaderera yemvura inopinzwa pamucheto we heating inoiswa, uye nzira yekushanda yesystem iyi inoenderana nekupisa kwemvura kwechikamu che solar heat collection ne biomass heat storage chikamu, kuitira kuti pave nekupisa kwakasimba pamucheto we heating uye kuchengetedza simba remagetsi nezvinhu zve biomass kusvika padanho rakanyanya.

Tsvagiridzo Itsva uye Kushandiswa kweZvinhu Zvitsva zveGreenhouse

Nekuwedzera kwenzvimbo yegreenhouse, kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvinhu zvegreenhouse zvechinyakare zvakaita sezvidhinha nevhu kuri kuwedzera kuonekwa. Nokudaro, kuti tiwedzere kuvandudza mashandiro ekupisa kwegreenhouse uye kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvegreenhouse yemazuva ano, kune tsvakurudzo dzakawanda uye mashandisirwo ezvinhu zvitsva zvinopenya, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa uye zvinhu zvemadziro.

Kutsvaga nekushandisa zvinhu zvitsva zvinoonekera zvekufukidza

Mhando dzezvinhu zvinofukidza zvinhu zvinoonekera zvegreenhouse dzinosanganisira purasitiki, girazi, solar panel uye photovoltaic panel, pakati pazvo purasitiki ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Firimu rekare regreenhouse PE rine zvikanganiso zvekuti rinogara kwenguva pfupi, hariparadzi uye rinoita basa rimwe chete. Parizvino, mafirimu matsva akasiyana-siyana akagadzirwa nekuwedzera ma reagents anoshanda kana ma coatings.

Firimu rekushandura chiedza:Firimu rekushandura chiedza rinoshandura hunhu hwemaoptical hwefirimu nekushandisa zvinhu zvinoshandura chiedza zvakaita se rare earth nezvinhu zve nano, uye rinogona kushandura nzvimbo yechiedza che ultraviolet kuita chiedza che red orange ne blue violet light zvinodiwa ne plant photosynthesis, nokudaro zvichiwedzera goho rezvirimwa uye kuderedza kukuvara kwechiedza che ultraviolet kuzvirimwa nema greenhouse films muma greenhouse epurasitiki. Semuenzaniso, firimu re greenhouse re wide-band purple-to-red rine VTR-660 light conversion agent rinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya infrared transmittance kana rikashandiswa mu greenhouse, uye zvichienzaniswa ne greenhouse rekutonga, goho rematomatisi pahekita, vitamin C uye lycopene content zvakawedzera zvakanyanya ne25.71%, 11.11% uye 33.04% zvichiteerana. Zvisinei, pari zvino, hupenyu hwebasa, kuora uye mutengo wefirimu idzva rekushandura chiedza zvichiri kuda kudzidzwa.

Girazi rakapararira: Girazi rakapararira mugreenhouse imhando yakakosha uye tekinoroji inodzivirira kupenya pamusoro pegirazi, iyo inogona kuwedzera chiedza chezuva kuita chiedza chakapararira uye kupinda mugreenhouse, kuvandudza kushanda kwe photosynthesis yezvirimwa uye kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa. Girazi rakapararira rinoshandura chiedza chinopinda mugreenhouse kuita chiedza chakapararira kuburikidza nemapatani akakosha, uye chiedza chakapararira chinogona kuvhenekerwa zvakaenzana mugreenhouse, zvichibvisa simba remumvuri wemapfupa pagreenhouse. Zvichienzaniswa negirazi re float rakajairika negirazi re float rakachena zvakanyanya, mwero wekufambisa chiedza kwegirazi rakapararira i91.5%, uye iro regirazi re float rakajairika i88%. Pakuwedzera kwe1% kwekufambisa chiedza mukati megreenhouse, goho rinogona kuwedzerwa neinenge 3%, uye shuga inonyungudika nevhitamini C mumichero nemiriwo zvawedzera. Girazi rakapararira mugreenhouse rinotanga ravharwa uye rozodzikiswa, uye mwero wekuputika wega wakakwira kupfuura mwero wenyika, kusvika 2‰.

Kutsvaga nekushandisa zvinhu zvitsva zvekudzivirira kupisa

Zvinhu zvechinyakare zvekudzivirira kupisa mugreenhouse zvinosanganisira machira ehuswa, machira epepa, machira ekudzivirira kupisa ane needled felt, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakudzivirira kupisa mukati nekunze kwedenga, kudzivirira kumadziro uye kudzivirira kupisa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinochengetedza kupisa uye zvinounganidza kupisa. Zvizhinji zvacho zvine dambudziko rekurasikirwa nekushanda kwekudzivirira kupisa nekuda kwehunyoro hwemukati mushure mekushandiswa kwenguva refu. Nokudaro, kune mashandisirwo akawanda ezvinhu zvitsva zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya, pakati pazvo zvinhu zvitsva zvinodzivirira kupisa, machira ekuchengetedza kupisa uye zvinounganidza kupisa ndizvo zvinonyanya kutariswa pakutsvaga.

Zvinhu zvitsva zvinodzivirira kupisa zvinowanzogadzirwa nekugadzira nekubatanidza pamusoro pezvinhu zvisingapindi mvura uye zvinoramba zvichikwegura zvakaita sefirimu rakarukwa uye felt yakaputirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakaita sedonje rakapfapfaidzwa, cashmere yakasiyana-siyana uye donje remaparera. Kamuri rekudzivirira kupisa rakaputirwa nefirimu rakapfapfaidzwa rakaputirwa nefirimu rakaputirwa rakaedzwa kuNortheast China. Zvakaonekwa kuti kuwedzera donje rakaputirwa nefirimu rakapfapfaidzwa kwakaenzana nekushanda kwekudzivirira kupisa kwe4500g black felt thermal insulation quilt mumusika. Pasi pemamiriro akafanana, kushanda kwekudzivirira kupisa kwe700g donje rakaputirwa nespray kwakavandudzwa ne1~2℃ zvichienzaniswa nekamuri rekudzivirira kupisa re500g donje rakaputirwa nespray. Panguva imwe chete, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakawanawo kuti zvichienzaniswa nekamuri rekudzivirira kupisa rinowanzoshandiswa mumusika, kushanda kwekudzivirira kupisa kwekamuri rekudzivirira kupisa kwekamuri rekudzivirira kupisa uye kamuri rekudzivirira kupisa recashmere rakaputirwa kuri nani, nemazinga ekudzivirira kupisa e84.0% ne83.3% zvichiteerana. Kana tembiricha yekunze inotonhora zvikuru iri -24.4℃, tembiricha yemukati inogona kusvika 5.4 uye 4.2℃ zvakateerana. Kana tichienzanisa nejira rekudzivirira jira restraw blanket, jira idzva rekudzivirira jira rine mabhenefiti ehuremu hushoma, simba rekudzivirira jira, simba rekudzivirira gomba risinganyanyi kupinda mumvura uye kukwegura, uye rinogona kushandiswa semhando itsva yemidziyo yekudzivirira jira inoshanda zvakanyanya yemagetsi ezuva.

Panguva imwe chete, zvichienderana nekutsvagurudza kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvemidziyo yekuunganidza nekuchengetera kupisa mugreenhouse, zvakaonekwawo kuti kana ukobvu hwacho hwakaenzana, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvine layer yakawanda zvine mashandiro ari nani ekudzivirira kupisa kupfuura zvinhu zvega. Chikwata chaProfessor Li Jianming cheNorthwest A&F University chakagadzira nekuongorora mhando makumi maviri nembiri dzezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvemidziyo yekuchengetera mvura mugreenhouse, zvakaita se vacuum board, airgel nerabha donje, uye chakayera hunhu hwazvo hwekupisa. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti 80mm thermal insulation coating+airgel+rabha-plastic thermal insulation donje composite insulation material inogona kuderedza kupisa ne0.367MJ panguva imwe chete zvichienzaniswa ne 80mm rubber-plastic donje, uye heat transfer coefficient yayo yaive 0.283W/(m2·k) apo ukobvu hweinsulation combination hwaive 100mm.

Zvinhu zvinochinja-chinja chikamu chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kufarirwa mukutsvaga zvinhu zvinodziya pasi pevhu. Northwest A&F University yakagadzira mhando mbiri dzezvishandiso zvekuchengetera zvinhu zvinochinja chikamu: chimwe ibhokisi rekuchengetera rakagadzirwa nepolyethylene nhema, ine saizi ye50cm×30cm×14cm (hurefu×hukobvu) uye rakazadzwa nezvinhu zvinochinja chikamu, kuitira kuti rigone kuchengetedza kupisa nekuburitsa kupisa; Chechipiri, mhando itsva yebhodhi remadziro rinochinja chikamu inogadzirwa. Bhodhi remadziro rinochinja chikamu rine zvinhu zvinochinja chikamu, ndiro yearuminiyamu, ndiro yearuminiyamu-purasitiki uye aruminiyamu alloy. Zvinhu zvinochinja chikamu zviri panzvimbo yepakati pebhodhi remadziro, uye zvirevo zvaro i200mm×200mm×50mm. Iguruva rakasimba risati rasvika uye rapfuura, uye hapana chinhu chinonyunguduka kana kuyerera. Madziro mana echinhu chinochinja chikamu iplate yearuminiyamu uye ndiro yearuminiyamu-purasitiki, zvichiteerana. Chishandiso ichi chinogona kuita mabasa ekuchengetedza kupisa masikati uye kuburitsa kupisa husiku.

Saka, pane mamwe matambudziko mukushandiswa kwechinhu chimwe chete chinodzivirira kupisa, zvakaita sekusashanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira kupisa, kurasikirwa nekupisa zvakanyanya, nguva pfupi yekuchengetedza kupisa, nezvimwewo. Saka, kushandisa zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakasanganiswa sechikamu chekudzivirira kupisa uye chikamu chemukati nekunze chechinhu chinochengetedza kupisa kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro ekudzivirira kupisa kwegreenhouse, kuderedza kurasikirwa nekupisa kwegreenhouse, uye nekudaro kuwana simba rekuchengetedza.

Kutsvaga nekushandiswa kweNew Wall

Semhando yechivakwa chakavharirwa, madziro inodzivirira kutonhora kwegreenhouse uye kuchengetedza kupisa. Zvichienderana nezvinhu zvemadziro uye zvivakwa, kukura kwemadziro ekuchamhembe kwegreenhouse kunogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu: madziro ane jira rimwe chete akagadzirwa nevhu, zvidhinha, nezvimwewo, uye madziro ekuchamhembe ane jira rimwe chete akagadzirwa nezvidhinha zvevhu, zvidhinha zvemabhuroko, mabhodhi epolystyrene, nezvimwewo, ane nzvimbo yekuchengetedza kupisa kwemukati uye insulation yekunze yekupisa, uye mazhinji emadziro aya anotora nguva uye anotora basa guru; Nokudaro, mumakore achangopfuura, marudzi mazhinji matsva emadziro akaonekwa, ari nyore kuvaka uye akakodzera kubatanidzwa nekukurumidza.

Kubuda kwemadziro matsva akaunganidzwa kunokurudzira kukura nekukurumidza kwedzimba dzekuchengetera zvinhu dzakaunganidzwa, kusanganisira madziro matsva akasanganiswa ane zvinhu zvekunze zvisingapindi mvura uye zvinodzivirira kukwegura uye zvinhu zvakaita sefelt, pearl donje, space donje, glass donje kana recycled donje se heat insulation layers, zvakaita semadziro akasanganiswa akasanganiswa ne spray-bonded donje muXinjiang. Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakataurawo nezve kuchamhembe kwe greenhouse yakaunganidzwa ine heat storage layer, senge brick-filled wheat shell mortar block muXinjiang. Pasi pemamiriro akafanana ekunze, kana tembiricha yakaderera yekunze iri -20.8℃, tembiricha mu solar greenhouse ine wheat shell mortar block composite wall iri 7.5℃, nepo tembiricha mu solar greenhouse ine brick-concrete wall iri 3.2℃. Nguva yekukohwa domasi mu brick greenhouse inogona kuwedzerwa nemazuva gumi nematanhatu, uye goho re greenhouse imwe chete rinogona kuwedzerwa ne18.4%.

Chikwata cheNorthwest A&F University chakapa pfungwa yekugadzira uswa, ivhu, mvura, matombo uye zvinhu zvinochinja-chinja zvikamu kuita mamodule ekupisa uye ekuchengetera kupisa kubva pakona yechiedza uye dhizaini yemadziro yakareruka, izvo zvakakurudzira tsvakiridzo yekushandisa madziro akaunganidzwa. Semuenzaniso, zvichienzaniswa negreenhouse yemadziro ezvidhinha zvakajairika, avhareji yekupisa mugreenhouse yakakwira ne4.0℃ pazuva rezuva. Mhando nhatu dzemamodule ecement ekuchinja-chinja zvikamu, ayo akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinochinja-chinja zvikamu (PCM) nesimende, akaunganidza kupisa kwe74.5, 88.0 uye 95.1 MJ/m³, uye yakaburitsa kupisa kwe59.8, 67.8 uye 84.2 MJ/m³, zvichiteerana. Ane mabasa ekuti "kucheka miti zvakanyanya" masikati, "kuzadza mupata" husiku, kutora kupisa muzhizha uye kuburitsa kupisa muchando.

Madziro matsva aya anounganidzwa panzvimbo iyi, kwenguva pfupi yekuvaka uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, izvo zvinogadzira mamiriro ekuvaka magreenhouse akareruka, akareruka uye akagadzirwa nekukurumidza, uye zvinogona kukurudzira zvikuru shanduko yemagadzirirwo emagreenhouse. Zvisinei, kune zvimwe zvikanganiso mumhando iyi yemadziro, senge madziro ejira rekudzivirira kupisa ane spray-bonded cotton ane mashandiro akanaka ekudzivirira kupisa, asi haana simba rekuchengetedza kupisa, uye zvinhu zvekuvaka zvekuchinja kwechikamu zvine dambudziko rekushandisa zvakanyanya. Mune ramangwana, tsvakiridzo yekushandisa madziro akaunganidzwa inofanira kusimbiswa.

Simba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye magadzirirwo matsva zvinobatsira kuchinja chimiro chegreenhouse.

Kutsvagurudza nekugadzira simba idzva nezvinhu zvitsva zvinopa hwaro hwekugadzira greenhouse. Greenhouse inochengetedza simba uye arch shed ndiyo shed hombe mukugadzira kwekurima muChina, uye inoita basa guru mukugadzira kwekurima. Zvisinei, nekukura kwehupfumi hwemagariro evanhu muChina, zvikanganiso zvemarudzi maviri ezvivakwa zviri kuwedzera kuratidzwa. Chekutanga, nzvimbo yezvivakwa idiki uye mwero wekushandiswa kwemichina wakaderera; Chechipiri, greenhouse inochengetedza simba ine insulation yakanaka yekupisa, asi kushandiswa kwevhu kwakaderera, izvo zvakaenzana nekutsiva simba regreenhouse nenyika. Arch shed yakajairika haina nzvimbo diki chete, asiwo ine insulation isina kunaka yekupisa. Kunyangwe greenhouse ine nzvimbo yakakura, ine insulation isina kunaka yekupisa uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwakawanda. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kutsvagurudza nekugadzira greenhouse structure yakakodzera nharaunda nehupfumi hweChina pari zvino, uye kutsvagurudza nekugadzira simba idzva nezvinhu zvitsva zvichabatsira greenhouse structure kuchinja uye kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzegreenhouse models kana zvivakwa zvitsva.

Tsvagiridzo Itsva paGreenhouse yeKubika Mvura Yakakura Isingaenzaniswi

Girazi guru rinogadzira doro risingaenzaniswi nemvura (nhamba yepatenti: ZL 201220391214.2) rakavakirwa papfungwa yegreenhouse yezuva, richichinja chimiro chegreenhouse yepurasitiki yakajairika, richiwedzera span yekumaodzanyemba, richiwedzera nzvimbo yemwenje yedenga rekumaodzanyemba, richideredza span yekuchamhembe uye richideredza nzvimbo yekuparadza kupisa, ine span ye18~24m uye kukwirira kwemukwidza we6~7m. Kuburikidza nekugadzira hunyanzvi, chimiro chenzvimbo chakawedzerwa zvakanyanya. Panguva imwe chete, matambudziko ekupisa kwakakwana mugreenhouse munguva yechando uye kudziya kusina kunaka kwezvinhu zvekupisa zvinogara zvichishandiswa zvinogadziriswa nekushandisa tekinoroji itsva yekupisa nekupisa zvinogadzirwa nebiomass. Zvakabuda mukugadzirwa kwemiti netsvagiridzo zvinoratidza kuti greenhouse hombe inogadzirwa nemvura isingaenzaniswi, ine tembiricha ye11.7℃ pamazuva ane zuva uye 10.8℃ pamazuva ane makore, inogona kugutsa zvinodiwa nekukura kwezvirimwa munguva yechando, uye mutengo wekuvaka greenhouse unoderedzwa ne39.6% uye mwero wekushandiswa kwevhu unowedzerwa neanopfuura 30% zvichienzaniswa negreenhouse yepolystyrene brick wall, iyo yakakodzera kufambiswa mberi nekushandiswa muYellow Huaihe River Basin yeChina.

Greenhouse yezuva yakaungana

Greenhouse yezuva yakaunganidzwa inotora makoramu nemarobhoti edenga sechimiro chinotakura mutoro, uye madziro ayo anonyanya kuve enclosure yekudzivirira kupisa, pachinzvimbo chekutakura uye kuchengetedza kupisa uye kusunungura kupisa. Zvikuru: (1) mhando itsva yemadziro akaunganidzwa inoumbwa nekubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sefirimu rakafukidzwa kana ndiro yesimbi ine ruvara, straw block, flexible thermal insulation quilt, mortar block, nezvimwewo. (2) bhodhi remadziro rakagadzirwa nebhodhi resimende rakagadzirwa kare-bhodhi repolystyrene-bhodhi resimende; (3) Rudzi rwezvinhu zvekudzivirira kupisa zvakareruka uye zviri nyore zvine sisitimu yekuchengetedza kupisa uye yekusunungura kupisa uye sisitimu yekubvisa hunyoro, senge purasitiki square bucket heat storage uye pipeline heat storage. Kushandisa zvinhu zvitsva zvakasiyana zvekudzivirira kupisa nezvinhu zvekuchengetedza kupisa panzvimbo pemadziro evhu echinyakare kuvaka greenhouse yezuva kune nzvimbo yakakura uye diki yekuvaka. Mhedzisiro yekuyedza inoratidza kuti tembiricha yegreenhouse husiku munguva yechando yakakwira ne4.5℃ kupfuura yegreenhouse yemazuva ano yemadziro ezvidhinha, uye ukobvu hwemadziro ekumashure i166mm. Kana tichienzanisa negreenhouse ine madziro ezvidhinha ane ukobvu hwe600mm, nzvimbo inogarwa pamadziro yakaderedzwa ne72%, uye mutengo pa square meter i334.5 yuan, inova 157.2 yuan yakaderera pane yegreenhouse ine madziro ezvidhinha, uye mutengo wekuvaka wakaderera zvakanyanya. Nokudaro, greenhouse yakaunganidzwa ine mabhenefiti ekuparadzwa kwevhu kusina kurimwa zvakanyanya, kuchengetedza ivhu, kukurumidza kuvaka nekukurumidza uye hupenyu hwebasa hurefu, uye inzira huru yekuvandudza nekuvandudza magreenhouse ezuva pari zvino uye mune ramangwana.

Chiedza chezuva chinotsvedza

Chigadziko chezuva chinochengetedza simba chakagadzirwa neShenyang Agricultural University chinoshandisa madziro ekumashure echigadziko chezuva kugadzira sisitimu yekuchengetera kupisa pamadziro inotenderera mvura kuchengetedza kupisa uye kuwedzera tembiricha, iyo inonyanya kuumbwa nedziva rekushambira (32m).³), ndiro diki yekuunganidzira (360m)²), pombi yemvura, pombi yemvura uye chinodzora. Kapeti inochinjika yekupisa inotsiviwa nepurasitiki itsva yesimbi ine ruvara rwedombo rakareruka pamusoro. Tsvagiridzo iyi inoratidza kuti dhizaini iyi inogadzirisa dambudziko remagables anovhara chiedza, uye inowedzera nzvimbo yekupinda kwechiedza mugreenhouse. Kona yemwenje yegreenhouse i41.5°, inova yakakwirira ne16° kupfuura yegreenhouse inodzorwa, nokudaro ichivandudza mwero wemwenje. Kupararira kwekupisa mukati meimba kwakafanana, uye zvirimwa zvinokura zvakanaka. Greenhouse ine zvakanakira zvekuvandudza mashandisirwo evhu, kugadzira saizi yegreenhouse nenzira inochinjika uye kupfupisa nguva yekuvaka, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvevhu zvakarimwa nenzvimbo.

Girazi remagetsi rinodziya pasi pemvura

Greenhouse yekurima inzvimbo inosanganisa kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ezuva, kudzora tembiricha nehunyanzvi uye kudyara kwemazuva ano. Inoshandisa furemu yesimbi uye yakafukidzwa nemamodule ezuva ezuva kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinodiwa zvemwenje zvemamodule ekugadzira magetsi ezuva uye zvinodiwa zvemwenje zvegreenhouse yese zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa. Mwenje wakananga unobva kusimba rezuva unowedzera chiedza chegreenhouse yekurima, unotsigira zvakananga mashandiro akajairika emidziyo yegreenhouse, unofambisa kudiridza zviwanikwa zvemvura, unowedzera tembiricha yegreenhouse uye unokurudzira kukura nekukurumidza kwezvirimwa. Mamodule ePhotovoltaic nenzira iyi anokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwemwenje yedenga regreenhouse, uye obva akanganisa kukura kwakajairika kwemiriwo yegreenhouse. Nokudaro, kurongeka kwakanaka kwemapaneru ephotovoltaic padenga regreenhouse kunova chinhu chikuru chekushandisa. Greenhouse yekurima chigadzirwa chemusanganiswa wezvirimwa zvekushanyira nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana nekurima nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, uye iindasitiri yekurima itsva inosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi ephotovoltaic, kuona nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, zvirimwa zvekurima, tekinoroji yekurima, kusimudzira nzvimbo nenzvimbo.

Dhizaini itsva yeboka regreenhouse ine kudyidzana kwesimba pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzegreenhouse

Guo Wenzhong, muongorori weBeijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, anoshandisa nzira yekupisa yekufambisa simba pakati pemagreenhouse kuti atore simba rekupisa rasara mune imwe kana kupfuura magreenhouse kuti apise imwe kana akawanda magreenhouse. Nzira iyi yekupisa inoita kuti simba regreenhouse rifambiswe munguva nenzvimbo, inovandudza mashandiro esimba rekupisa rasara, uye inoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba rekupisa. Mhando mbiri dzemagreenhouse dzinogona kuva dzakasiyana kana rudzi rumwe chete rwegreenhouse yekudyara zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita selettuce nematomatisi. Nzira dzekuunganidza kupisa dzinosanganisira kubvisa kupisa kwemhepo yemukati uye kudzivirira zvakananga mwaranzi yezviitiko. Kuburikidza nekuunganidza simba rezuva, kumanikidzwa kwe convection ne heat exchanger uye kumanikidzwa kubvisa ne heat pomp, kupisa kwakawandisa mu greenhouse ine simba rakawanda kwaibviswa kuti kupise greenhouse.

pfupisa

Dzimba itsva dzezuva idzi dzine zvakanakira zvekuunganidza nekukurumidza, nguva pfupi yekuvaka uye mwero wekushandiswa kwevhu wakakwira. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuongorora mashandiro edzimba itsva idzi munzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye kupa mukana wekuti dzimba itsva dzikurumidze kufarirwa uye kushandiswa. Panguva imwe chete, zvakakosha kuramba tichisimbisa kushandiswa kwesimba idzva nezvinhu zvitsva mudzimba dzezuva, kuitira kuti pave nesimba rekugadzirisa chimiro chedzimba dzezuva.

Tariro yeramangwana uye kufunga

Magreenhouse echinyakare anowanzova nezvimwe zvazvakaipira, zvakaita sekushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda, kushandiswa kwevhu kwakaderera, kushandisa nguva yakawanda uye kunotora simba, kushanda zvisina kunaka, nezvimwewo, izvo zvisingachakwanisi kugutsa zvinodiwa zvekurima kwemazuva ano, uye zvinotofanira kubviswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Nokudaro, inzira yekuvandudza kushandisa simba idzva senge simba rezuva, simba rebiomass, simba regeothermal nesimba remhepo, zvinhu zvitsva zvekushandisa greenhouse uye magadzirirwo matsva ekusimudzira shanduko yemaumbirwo egreenhouse. Chekutanga, greenhouse itsva inotungamirwa nesimba idzva nezvinhu zvitsva haifanirwe kungozadzisa zvinodiwa zvekushanda kwemichina chete, asiwo kuchengetedza simba, ivhu nemari. Chechipiri, zvakakosha kugara tichiongorora mashandiro emagreenhouse matsva munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kuitira kuti tipe mamiriro ekuti magreenhouse afarire zvakanyanya. Mune ramangwana, tinofanira kutsvaga simba idzva nezvinhu zvitsva zvakakodzera kushandiswa greenhouse, uye kuwana musanganiswa wakanakisa wesimba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye greenhouse, kuitira kuti zvikwanisike kuvaka greenhouse itsva nemutengo wakaderera, nguva pfupi yekuvaka, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera uye kushanda kwakanaka, kubatsira chimiro chegreenhouse kuchinja uye kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwemagreenhouse muChina.

Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwesimba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye magadzirirwo matsva mukuvaka greenhouse kuri tsika isingadzivisike, kuchine matambudziko mazhinji ekudzidza nekukunda: (1) Mutengo wekuvaka unowedzera. Kana tichienzanisa nekupisa kwechinyakare nemarasha, gasi rechisikigo kana mafuta, kushandiswa kwesimba idzva nezvinhu zvitsva hakuna kusvibisa nharaunda uye hakuna kusvibiswa, asi mutengo wekuvaka wakawedzera zvakanyanya, izvo zvine chekuita nekudzoreredzwa kwemari mukugadzirwa nekushanda. Kana tichienzanisa nekushandiswa kwesimba, mutengo wezvinhu zvitsva uchawedzera zvakanyanya. (2) Kushandiswa kusina kugadzikana kwesimba rekupisa. Chinhu chikuru chekushandisa simba idzva mutengo wakaderera wekushanda uye kuburitsa kabhoni dioxide shoma, asi kuwanikwa kwesimba nekupisa hakuna kugadzikana, uye mazuva ane makore anova chinhu chikuru chinotadzisa kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva. Mukugadzirwa kwekupisa kwebiomass nekuvirisa, kushandiswa kwakanaka kwesimba iri kunogumira nematambudziko esimba rekupisa risina kufashaira, manejimendi akaoma uye kutonga, uye nzvimbo yakakura yekuchengetera zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa. (3) Kukura kwetekinoroji. Aya matekinoroji anoshandiswa nesimba idzva nezvinhu zvitsva kutsvagisa kwepamusoro uye kubudirira kwetekinoroji, uye nzvimbo yavo yekushandisa uye chiyero chayo zvichiri zvishoma. Hazvina kupfuura kakawanda, mawebhusaiti akawanda uye kuongororwa kwemaitiro makuru, uye pane zvimwe zvinokanganisa uye zviri mukati mehunyanzvi zvinoda kuvandudzwa mukushandiswa. Vashandisi vanowanzo ramba kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji nekuda kwekushomeka kudiki. (4) Kupinda kwetekinoroji kwakaderera. Kushandiswa kwakakura kwebudiriro yesainzi neyetekinoroji kunoda kufarirwa kwakati. Parizvino, simba idzva, tekinoroji itsva uye tekinoroji itsva yekugadzira greenhouse zvese zviri muchikwata chenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa kwesainzi mumayunivhesiti ane hunyanzvi hwakati hwekuvandudza, uye vazhinji vanoda tekinoroji kana vagadziri havazivi; Panguva imwe chete, kufarirwa uye kushandiswa kwetekinoroji itsva kuchiri kushoma nekuti michina mikuru yetekinoroji itsva ine patent. (5) Kubatanidzwa kwesimba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye dhizaini yechimiro chegreenhouse kunofanirwa kusimbiswa zvakanyanya. Nekuti simba, zvinhu uye dhizaini yechimiro chegreenhouse ndezvemakirasi matatu akasiyana, matarenda ane ruzivo rwekugadzira greenhouse anowanzo shaya tsvakurudzo pamusoro pesimba nezvinhu zvine chekuita negreenhouse, uye zvinopesana; Saka, vaongorori vane chekuita nekutsvagisa kwesimba nezvinhu vanofanirwa kusimbisa kuferefeta nekunzwisisa zvinodiwa chaizvo zvekusimudzira indasitiri yegreenhouse, uye vagadziri vezvivakwa vanofanirawo kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva nesimba idzva kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwakadzika kwehukama hutatu, kuitira kuti vazadzise chinangwa chetekinoroji inoshanda yekutsvagisa greenhouse, mutengo wakaderera wekuvaka uye mhedzisiro yakanaka yekushandiswa. Zvichibva pamatambudziko ari pamusoro apa, zvinokurudzirwa kuti hurumende, hurumende dzemuno nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa kwesainzi dziwedzere kutsvagisa kwehunyanzvi, dziite tsvakiridzo yakabatana zvakadzama, dzisimbise kuziviswa kwekubudirira kwesainzi netekinoroji, dzivandudze kufarirwa kwekubudirira, uye nekukurumidza kuzadzisa chinangwa chesimba idzva nezvinhu zvitsva zvekubatsira kuvandudzwa kutsva kweindasitiri yegreenhouse.

Ruzivo rwataurwa

Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, Li Haojie, Li Rui, Hu Yixin. Simba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye dhizaini itsva zvinobatsira shanduko itsva yegreenhouse [J]. Muriwo, 2022,(10):1-8.