Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, nezvimwe.Greenhouse horticultural yekurima engineering tekinoroji2022-11-21 17:42 Rakabudiswa muBeijing

Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yegreenhouse yakagadziridzwa nesimba.Kuvandudzwa kwegreenhouse hakungonatsiridza huwandu hwekushandiswa kwevhu uye huwandu hwekubuda kwezvinhu zvekurima, asi zvakare kugadzirisa dambudziko rekupa michero nemiriwo mumwaka usiri.Nekudaro, iyo greenhouse yakasanganawo nematambudziko asina kumboitika.Zvivako zvepakutanga, nzira dzekudziya uye mafomu ekugadzirisa zvakagadzira kupikisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kubudirira.Zvishandiso zvitsva uye magadzirirwo matsva ari kudiwa nekukurumidza kuti achinje greenhouse chimiro, uye matsva emagetsi masosi anodiwa nekukurumidza kuti azadzise zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa uye mari.

Ichi chinyorwa chinokurukura dingindira re "simba idzva, zvishandiso zvitsva, dhizaini nyowani yekubatsira shanduko nyowani yegreenhouse", kusanganisira kutsvagisa uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba rezuva, biomass simba, geothermal simba uye mamwe masimba matsva mugreenhouse, tsvakiridzo uye kushandisa. yezvinhu zvitsva zvekufukidzira, kupisa kwekupisa, madziro nemimwe midziyo, uye tarisiro yeramangwana uye kufunga kwesimba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye dhizaini nyowani yekubatsira girinihausi reform, kuitira kuti ipe referensi yeindasitiri.

Kuvandudza kurima kwenzvimbo ndicho chinodikanwa chezvematongerwo enyika uye sarudzo isingadzivisike yekushandisa mweya wemirairo yakakosha uye kutonga kwehurumende.Muna 2020, nzvimbo yese yekurima yakachengetedzwa muChina ichave 2.8 miriyoni hm2, uye kukosha kwekubuda kunodarika 1 trillion yuan.Iyo inzira yakakosha yekuvandudza greenhouse kugadzira kugona kuvandudza mwenje wegreenhouse uye kupisa kwekupisa kwekuita kuburikidza nesimba idzva, zvishandiso zvitsva uye nyowani greenhouse dhizaini.Pane zvakawanda zvakaipira mukugadzirwa kwechinyakare greenhouse, semarasha, mafuta emafuta uye mamwe masimba emagetsi anoshandiswa pakudziya uye kudziyisa mumagreenhouses echinyakare, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwegasi redhiokisi, rinosvibisa zvakatipoteredza, nepo gasi rechisikigo, simba remagetsi uye mamwe masimba masimba anowedzera mutengo wekushandisa wegreenhouses.Traditional kupisa kupisa zvinhu nokuda greenhouse masvingo kazhinji ivhu uye zvidhinha, izvo zvinodya zvakawanda uye kukonzera yakakomba kukuvadza nyika zviwanikwa.Iko kushandiswa kwevhu kunyatsoshanda kwechinyakare solar greenhouse ine pasi madziro ingori 40% ~ 50%, uye yakajairika greenhouse ine hurombo hwekuchengetera kupisa, saka haigone kurarama munguva yechando kugadzira miriwo inodziya kuchamhembe kweChina.Naizvozvo, musimboti wekusimudzira shanduko yegreenhouse, kana kutsvagisa kwekutanga kuri mugreenhouse dhizaini, kutsvagisa nekuvandudza kwezvinhu zvitsva uye simba idzva.Ichi chinyorwa chichatarisa kutsvagurudzo uye hunyanzvi hwemasimba matsva mugreenhouse, kupfupisa mamiriro ekutsvagisa ezviwanikwa zvitsva zvesimba senge solar simba, biomass simba, geothermal simba, simba remhepo uye zvitsva zvakajeka zvekuvharisa zvinhu, zvinopisa zvekufukidzira zvinhu uye madziro zvinhu mukati. greenhouse, ongorora kushandiswa kwesimba idzva uye zvinhu zvitsva mukuvaka greenhouse itsva, uye kutarisira basa ravo mune ramangwana kusimudzira uye shanduko yegreenhouse.

Tsvagiridzo uye Innovation yeNew Energy Greenhouse

Simba idzva rakasvibira rine simba guru rekushandisa mune zvekurima rinosanganisira simba rezuva, geothermal simba uye biomass simba, kana kushandiswa kwakakwana kwemarudzi akasiyana emasimba matsva, kuitira kuti uwane kushandiswa kwesimba nemazvo kuburikidza nekudzidza kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasimba.

simba rezuva/simba

Solar energy tekinoroji ishoma-kabhoni, inoshanda uye yakagadzikana magetsi ekupa modhi, uye chinhu chakakosha cheChina chehunyanzvi maindasitiri ari kusimukira.Ichave sarudzo isingadzivisike yeshanduko uye kusimudzira yesimba reChina chimiro mune ramangwana.Kubva pakuona kwekushandiswa kwesimba, greenhouse pachayo inzvimbo yekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva.Kuburikidza negreenhouse effect, simba rezuva rinounganidzwa mumba, tembiricha yegreenhouse inosimudzwa, uye kupisa kunodiwa kwekukura kwezvirimwa kunopihwa.Simba guru rinopa simba rephotosynthesis yemiti yegreenhouse chiedza chezuva chakananga, ndiko kushandiswa kwakananga kwesimba rezuva.

01 Photovoltaic simba rekugadzira kugadzira kupisa

Photovoltaic simba rekugadzira tekinoroji inoshandura zvakananga simba rechiedza kuita remagetsi simba rinobva pane photovoltaic effect.Chinhu chakakosha cheiyi tekinoroji ndeye solar cell.Kana simba rezuva richipenya pane akatevedzana solar panels munhevedzano kana mukufanana, semiconductor zvikamu zvinoshandura zvakananga simba rezuva remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi.Photovoltaic tekinoroji inogona kushandura zvakananga simba rechiedza kuita simba remagetsi, kuchengetedza magetsi kuburikidza nemabhatiri, uye kupisa greenhouse usiku, asi mutengo wayo wakakwira unorambidza kuwedzera kwayo.Boka rekutsvakurudza rakagadzira photovoltaic graphene heat device, iyo inosanganisira flexible photovoltaic panels, yose-in-one reverse control machine, bhatiri rekuchengetedza uye graphene inopisa tsvimbo.Maererano nehurefu hwemutsara wekudyara, graphene inopisa tsvimbo inovigwa pasi pe substrate bag.Masikati, mapenera e-photovoltaic anotora mwenje wezuva kuti agadzire magetsi uye aichengete mubhatiri rekuchengetedza, uye ipapo magetsi anoburitswa usiku kune graphene kupisa tsvimbo.Muyero chaiyo, tembiricha yekudzora maitiro ekutanga pa17 ℃ uye kuvhara pa19 ℃ inogamuchirwa.Kumhanya usiku (20: 00-08: 00 pazuva rechipiri) kwemaawa masere, kushandiswa kwesimba kwekupisa mutsara mumwe chete wemiti ndeye 1.24 kW · h, uye avhareji yekupisa ye substrate bag usiku ndeye 19.2 ℃, iyo iri 3.5 ~ 5.3 ℃ yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yekutonga.Iyi nzira yekudziya yakasanganiswa nephotovoltaic simba rekugadzira inogadzirisa matambudziko ekushandiswa kwesimba kwakanyanya uye kusvibiswa kwakanyanya mukupisa kwegreenhouse munguva yechando.

02 photothermal kutendeuka uye kushandiswa

Solar photothermal conversion inoreva kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yakakosha yekuunganidza chiedza chezuva chakagadzirwa nephotothermal shanduko zvinhu kuunganidza uye kutora simba rezuva rakawanda rinovhenekerwa pariri sezvinobvira uye kurishandura kuita simba rekupisa.Kuenzaniswa nesolar photovoltaic application, solar photothermal application inowedzera kunyura kwepedyo-infrared bhendi, saka ine yakakwira simba rekushandisa kwechiedza chezuva, yakaderera mutengo uye yakakura tekinoroji, uye ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa nzira yekushandisa simba rezuva.

Iyo yakanyanya kukura tekinoroji yekushandurwa kwephotothermal uye kushandiswa muChina ndiyo muunganidzi wezuva, chikamu chepakati chayo chiri kupisa-kunopinza ndiro musimboti ine yakasarudzika yekunyudza coating, iyo inogona kushandura iyo solar radiation simba ichipfuura nepakati pevhavha ndiro kuita kupisa simba uye kufambisa. iyo kune iyo inopisa-inotora kushanda svikiro.Vateresi vezuva vanogona kugoverwa mumapoka maviri zvichienderana nokuti kune nzvimbo yekutsvaira muunganidzi kana kwete: flat solar collectors uye vacuum tube solar collectors;kutarisisa vaunganidzi vezuva uye vasingatarise vaunganidzi vezuva zvichienderana nekuti mwaranzi yezuva pachiteshi chemasikati inochinja nzira;uye liquid solar vaunganidzi uye mhepo solar vaunganidzi zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekupisa kutamisa kushanda svikiro.

Kushandiswa kwesimba rezuva mugreenhouse kunonyanya kuitwa kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzevateresi vezuva.Ibn Zor University kuMorocco yakagadzira inoshanda solar energy kudziyisa sisitimu (ASHS) yekudziya kwegreenhouse, iyo inogona kuwedzera huwandu hwese kugadzirwa kwematomatisi ne55% munguva yechando.China Agricultural University yakagadzira uye yakagadzira seti yepasi inotonhorera-fan yekuunganidza nekuburitsa system, ine kupisa kwekuunganidza kwe390.6 ~ 693.0 MJ, uye kuisa pamberi pfungwa yekuparadzanisa nzira yekuunganidza kupisa kubva pakuchengeta kupisa nepombi yekupisa.Yunivhesiti yeBari muItaly yakagadzira greenhouse polygeneration kudziyisa hurongwa, iyo ine simba rezuva uye mhepo-mvura inopisa pombi, uye inogona kuwedzera tembiricha yemhepo ne3.6% uye tembiricha yevhu ne92%.Boka rekutsvagisa rakagadzira mhando yeanoshingaira solar kupisa muunganidzwa michina ine variable inclination angle ye solar greenhouse, uye inotsigira kupisa kuchengetedza mudziyo wegreenhouse mvura muviri mukati memamiriro ekunze.Active solar kupisa kuunganidza tekinoroji ine inosiyana chinja inotyora kuburikidza nezvinogumira zvechinyakare greenhouse heat yekuunganidza michina, senge kushomeka kwekuunganidza kupisa, shading uye kugara kwevhu rakarimwa.Nekushandisa yakakosha greenhouse chimiro che solar greenhouse, iyo isiri yekudyara nzvimbo yegreenhouse inoshandiswa zvizere, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwekushandisa kwegreenhouse nzvimbo.Pasi pemamiriro ekushanda kwezuva, iyo inoshanda solar kupisa kuunganidza sisitimu ine shanduko inorerekera inosvika 1.9 MJ/(m2h), simba rekushandisa rinosvika 85.1% uye mwero wekuchengetedza simba i77%.Mune tekinoroji yekupisa kupisa tekinoroji, iyo yakawanda-chikamu shanduko yekushisa dhizaini inoiswa, iyo yekupisa yekuchengetera simba remudziyo wekuchengetedza kupisa inowedzerwa, uye kunonoka kuburitswa kwekupisa kubva pachigadzirwa kunoitwa, kuitira kuti uone kushandiswa kwakanaka kwe. kupisa kunounganidzwa negreenhouse solar heat collection equipment.

biomass simba

Chivako chitsva chinovakwa nekubatanidza mudziyo wekugadzira kupisa kwebiomass negreenhouse, uye zviwanikwa zvebiomass zvakaita semupfudze wenguruve, masara ehowa nemashanga zvinoumbwa kuti zvipise kupisa, uye simba rekupisa rinogadzirwa rinopihwa zvakananga kune greenhouse [ 5].Zvichienzaniswa negreenhouse pasina biomass kuvirisa kudziyisa tangi, kudziyisa girinihausi anogona zvinobudirira kuwedzera pasi tembiricha ari girinihausi uye kuchengetedza zvakakodzera tembiricha midzi zvirimwa kurimwa muvhu mumamiriro ekunze muchando.Kutora imwe-layer asymmetric thermal insulation greenhouse ine span ye17m uye kureba kwe30m semuenzaniso, kuwedzera 8m yemarara ekurima (sawa rematomatisi uye mupfudze wenguruve) mutangi rekuvirisa remukati rekuvirisa kwechisikigo pasina kutenderedza murwi. wedzera avhareji tembiricha yemazuva ese yegreenhouse ne4.2 ℃ munguva yechando, uye avhareji yemazuva ese tembiricha shoma inogona kusvika 4.6 ℃.

Kushandiswa kwesimba kwebiomass controlled fermentation inzira yekuvirisa inoshandisa zviridzwa nemidziyo kudzora kuvirisa kuitira kuti ikurumidze kuwana uye kushandisa nemazvo simba rekupisa kwebiomass uye CO2 gasi fetireza, pakati peiyi kufefetedza nehunyoro ndizvo zvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzirisa kupisa kwekuvirisa. uye kugadzirwa kwegasi kwebiomass.Mukati memamiriro ekufema, ma aerobic microorganisms ari mumurwi wekuvirisa anoshandisa okisijeni pazviitiko zvehupenyu, uye chikamu chesimba rinogadzirwa rinoshandiswa pamabasa ehupenyu hwavo, uye chikamu chesimba chinoburitswa munzvimbo sesimba rekupisa, rinobatsira kune tembiricha. kusimuka kwezvakatipoteredza.Mvura inotora chikamu mukuvirisa kwese, ichipa zvinovaka muviri zvinonyunguduka zvezviitwa zvemicrobial, uye panguva imwechete ichiburitsa kupisa kwemurwi muchimiro chemvura nemumvura, kuitira kuderedza tembiricha yemurwi, kurebesa hupenyu hwemurwi. microorganisms uye kuwedzera tembiricha yakawanda yemurwi.Kuisa mudziyo wekupinza mashanga mutangi rekuvirisa kunogona kuwedzera tembiricha yemukati ne3 ~ 5℃ munguva yechando, kusimbisa photosynthesis yechirimwa uye kuwedzera goho rematomatisi ne29.6%.

Geothermal simba

China yakapfuma mune geothermal zviwanikwa.Parizvino, nzira yakajairika yezvivakwa zvekurima kushandisa geothermal simba ndeye kushandisa pasi sosi yekupisa pombi, iyo inogona kutamisa kubva yakaderera-giredhi kupisa simba kuenda kune yakakwirira-giredhi kupisa kwesimba nekuisa shoma shoma re-giredhi simba (senge. simba remagetsi).Yakasiyana neyakajairwa greenhouse kudziyisa zviyero, pasi sosi kupisa pombi yekudziya haingogone kuwana yakakosha yekudziya mhedzisiro, asiwo inokwanisa kutonhora greenhouse uye kuderedza mwando mugreenhouse.Tsvagiridzo yekushandiswa kwepasi-sosi yekupisa pombi mumunda wekuvaka dzimba yakakura.The musimboti chikamu kunokanganisa kudziyisa uye kutonhora kukwanisa ivhu-tsime kupisa pombi ari pasi pevhu kupisa exchange module, izvo zvikurukuru zvinosanganisira kuvigwa nyere, pevhu matsime, etc. Sei kugadzira pasi pevhu kupisa exchange hurongwa ane mwero mutengo uye mugumisiro nguva dzose yanga iri tsvakiridzo yechikamu ichi.Panguva imwecheteyo, shanduko yekushisa kwevhu repasi pevhu mukushandiswa kwepasi rinopisa kupisa pombi kunokanganisawo kushandiswa kwekupisa pombi system.Kushandisa pasi tsime kupisa pombi kuti kutonhora girinihausi muzhizha uye kuchengeta kupisa simba mu yakadzika ivhu akaturikidzana anogona kuderedza tembiricha kudonha yepasi pevhu akaturikidzana uye kunatsiridza kupisa kugadzirwa kunyatsoshanda kwepasi chitubu kupisa pombi munguva yechando.

Parizvino, mukutsvagisa kwekuita uye kugona kwepombi yekupisa kwepasi, kuburikidza neiyo chaiyo data yekuyedza, nhamba yemhando inotangwa ine software senge TOUGH2 uye TRNSYS, uye zvinogumiswa kuti kupisa kwekuita uye coefficient yekuita (COP). ) yepasi sosi yekupisa pombi inogona kusvika 3.0 ~ 4.5, ine yakanaka kutonhora nekudziya.Mukutsvaga kwechirongwa chekushanda kwepombi yekupisa, Fu Yunzhun nevamwe vakawana kuti kana zvichienzaniswa nekuyerera kweparutivi, kuyerera kwepasi kunokonzeresa mashandiro eyuniti uye kufambisa kupisa kwepombi yakavigwa. .Pasi pemamiriro ekuyerera kwekugadzirisa, huwandu hweCOP hunokosha hwechikwata hunogona kusvika 4.17 nekutora chirongwa chekushanda chekushanda kwemaawa maviri uye kumira kwemaawa maviri;Shi Huixian et.yakagamuchira imwe nguva yekushanda maitiro ekuchengetedza mvura kutonhora system.Muzhizha, kana tembiricha yakakwira, iyo COP yesimba rese rekupa system inogona kusvika 3.80.

Yakadzika ivhu rekuchengetedza kupisa tekinoroji mugreenhouse

Yakadzika ivhu rekuchengetedza kupisa mugreenhouse inonziwo "heat storage bank" mugreenhouse.Kukuvadza kwechando munguva yechando uye kupisa kwakanyanya muzhizha ndizvo zvipingamupinyi zvikuru pakugadzirwa kwegreenhouse.Kubva pane simba rakasimba rekuchengetedza kupisa kwevhu rakadzika, boka rekutsvakurudza rakagadzira greenhouse underground deep heat storage device.Mudziyo uyu ipombi ine mativi maviri-yakaenzana inotamisa kupisa yakavigwa pakadzika 1.5 ~ 2.5m pasi pevhu mugreenhouse, ine mhepo inopinza pamusoro pegreenhouse uye mhepo yekubuda pasi.Kana tembiricha iri mugreenhouse yakakwira, mhepo yemukati inopombwa nechisimba muvhu ne fan kuti ione kuchengetwa kwekupisa uye kuderedza tembiricha.Kana tembiricha yegreenhouse yakadzikira, kupisa kunotorwa kubva muvhu kuti kudziya kwegreenhouse.Kugadzirwa uye mashandisirwo ekushandisa anoratidza kuti mudziyo unogona kuwedzera tembiricha yegreenhouse ne2.3 ℃ muhusiku hwechando, kuderedza tembiricha yemukati ne2.6 ℃ muzuva rechirimo, uye kuwedzera goho rematomatisi ne1500kg mu667 m.².Chigadzirwa chacho chinoshandisa zvizere maitiro e "inodziya munguva yechando uye inotonhorera muzhizha" uye "tembiricha yenguva dzose" yevhu rakadzika pasi pevhu, inopa "bhangi rekuwana simba" kune greenhouse, uye rinoramba richipedzisa mabasa ebetsero yegreenhouse kutonhora nekudziya. .

Multi-energy coordination

Kushandisa maviri kana anopfuura simba marudzi kupisa girinihausi anogona zvinobudirira kuita pamusoro pezvakaipira imwe simba mhando, uye kupa kutamba kune superposition mugumisiro "imwe wedzera mumwe mukuru kupfuura maviri".Kubatsirana kwekudyidzana pakati pegeothermal simba uye solar simba inzvimbo yekutsvaga yekushandiswa kwesimba idzva mukugadzira zvekurima mumakore achangopfuura.Emmi et.akadzidza yakawanda-source simba system (Figure 1), iyo yakagadzirirwa photovoltaic-thermal hybrid solar collector.Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa mhepo-yemvura inopisa pombi system, simba resimba reiyo yakawanda-source simba system inovandudzwa ne16% ~ 25%.Zheng et.yakagadzira rudzi rutsva rwekubatanidza kupisa kwekuchengetedza sisitimu yesimba rezuva uye pasi sosi yekupisa pombi.Iyo solar inounganidzira sisitimu inogona kuona yakakwirira-yemhando yekuchengetedza yekudziya mwaka, kureva, yemhando yepamusoro yekudziya munguva yechando uye kutonhora kwemhando yepamusoro muzhizha.Iyo yakavigwa chubhu yekupisa yekutsinhanisa uye inopindirana yekupisa yekuchengetera tangi inogona kumhanya zvakanaka muhurongwa, uye kukosha kweCOP kweiyo system kunogona kusvika 6.96.

Yakasanganiswa nesimba rezuva, ine chinangwa chekudzikisa kushandiswa kwesimba rekutengesa uye kuwedzera kugadzikana kwesimba rezuva mugreenhouse.Wan Ya et.isa mberi itsva akangwara kudzora tekinoroji chirongwa chekubatanidza simba rezuva nemagetsi ekutengeserana kwegreenhouse kudziyisa, iyo inogona kushandisa simba rephotovoltaic kana paine chiedza, uye kuishandura kuva simba rekutengeserana kana pasina chiedza, kuderedza zvakanyanya kuperevedza kwesimba rekutakura. chiyero, uye kuderedza mutengo wehupfumi pasina kushandisa mabhatiri.

Simba reSolar, biomass simba uye simba remagetsi rinogona kusanganisa kupisa greenhouses, izvo zvinogona zvakare kuwana yakanyanya kupisa kunyatsoshanda.Zhang Liangrui nevamwe vakasanganisa solar vacuum chubhu yekupisa yekuunganidza nemupata wemagetsi kupisa tangi remvura.Iyo greenhouse yekudziya sisitimu ine yakanaka yekudziya kunyaradza, uye avhareji yekudziya kweiyo system ndeye 68.70%.Iyo yemagetsi kupisa yekuchengetera mvura tangi ndeye biomass kudziyisa mvura yekuchengetedza mudziyo ine magetsi ekudziya.Iyo yakaderera tembiricha yeinopinza yemvura pakupera kwekudziya inoiswa, uye maitiro ekushanda kweiyo system inotarwa zvichienderana nekushisa kwemvura yekuchengetera ye solar kupisa kuunganidza chikamu uye biomass kupisa kupisa chikamu, kuitira kuti uwane yakagadzikana yekupisa tembiricha pa kupisa kupera uye chengetedza simba remagetsi uye biomass simba zvinhu kusvika pamwero mukuru.

Innovative Research uye Kushandisa kweNew Greenhouse Materials

Nekuwedzera kwenzvimbo yegreenhouse, kusakanganiswa kwekushandisa kwechinyakare greenhouse zvinhu sezvidhinha nevhu zviri kuwedzera kuratidzwa.Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti uwedzere kuvandudza mashandiro ekupisa kwegreenhouse uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekusimudzira greenhouse yemazuva ano, kune akawanda tsvagiridzo uye mashandisirwo ezvitsva zvinoonekera zvekuvharisa zvinhu, zvinopisa zvekudzivirira uye zvemadziro zvemukati.

Tsvagiridzo nekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvitsva zvinovonekwa zvekuvharisa

Mhando dzezvakajeka zvekuvhara zvinhu zvegreenhouse zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira firimu repurasitiki, girazi, solar panel uye photovoltaic panel, pakati peiyo firimu repurasitiki rine nzvimbo yakakura yekushandisa.Iyo yechinyakare greenhouse PE firimu ine hurema hwehupenyu hupfupi hwesevhisi, kusadzikisira uye basa rimwechete.Parizvino, akasiyana-siyana matsva anoshanda mafirimu akagadzirwa nekuwedzera anoshanda reagents kana machira.

Chiedza chekushandura firimu:Iyo firimu inoshandura mwenje inoshandura maitiro eiyo firimu nekushandisa mwenje wekushandura maajenti senge isingawanzo pasi uye nano zvinhu, uye inogona kushandura iyo ultraviolet mwenje dunhu kuita tsvuku orenji mwenje uye yebhuruu violet mwenje inodiwa nechirimwa photosynthesis, nekudaro kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa uye kuderedza. kukuvadzwa kwechiedza che ultraviolet kuzvirimwa uye mafirimu egreenhouse mumapurasitiki egirinhi.Semuyenzaniso, iyo yakafara-bhendi yepepuru-ku-tsvuku yegreenhouse firimu ine VTR-660 light conversion agent inogona zvakanyanya kunatsiridza infrared transmittance kana yaiswa mugreenhouse, uye ichienzaniswa necontrol greenhouse, goho rematomatisi pahekita, vhitamini C uye lycopene zvirimo. yakawedzera zvakanyanya ne25.71%, 11.11% uye 33.04% zvichiteerana.Zvisinei, pari zvino, hupenyu hwebasa, kuderera uye mari yefirimu itsva yekushandura chiedza ichiri kuda kuongororwa.

Magirazi akapararira: Girazi rakapararira mugreenhouse imhando yakakosha uye anti-reflection tekinoroji pamusoro pegirazi, iyo inogona kuwedzera chiedza chezuva muchiedza chakapararira uye kupinda mugreenhouse, inovandudza photosynthesis kushanda kwezvirimwa uye kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa.Kuparadzira girazi kunoshandura chiedza chichipinda mugreenhouse kuva chiedza chakapararira kuburikidza nemhando dzakakosha, uye chiedza chakapararira chinogona kunyanya kurongedzerwa mukati me greenhouse, kubvisa mumvuri weskeleton pane greenhouse.Kana ichienzaniswa negirazi rinoyangarara rakajairwa uye girazi rekupedzisira-chena rinoyangarara, mwero wekufambiswa kwechiedza chegirazi rekuparadzira i91.5%, uye iwowo girazi rinoyangarara i88%.Kune yega yega 1% yekuwedzera kwemwenje transmittance mukati megreenhouse, goho rinogona kuwedzera ne3%, uye soluble shuga uye vhitamini C mumichero nemiriwo yakawedzera.Girazi rekuparadzira mugreenhouse rakaputirwa kutanga uye rinobva rashatirwa, uye chiyero chekuzviputika chakakwira kupfuura chiyero chenyika, chinosvika 2 ‰.

Tsvagiridzo uye Kushandiswa kweNew Thermal Insulation Materials

Izvo zvechinyakare zvekupisa zvekupisa zvemukati mugreenhouse zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira mashanga, pepa quilt, inodiwa inonzwa yekupisa yekuvharisa quilt, nezvimwe, izvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukati nekunze kwekupisa kwekushisa kwematenga edenga, kuvharira madziro uye kupisa kwekupisa kweimwe yekuchengetera kupisa uye midziyo yekuunganidza kupisa. .Vazhinji vavo vane hurema hwekurasikirwa nekupisa kwekushisa kwekuita nekuda kwekunyorova kwemukati mushure mekushandisa kwenguva refu.Naizvozvo, kune akawanda mashandisirwo ezvitsva zvakakwirira zvinopisa zvekudzivirira zvemukati, pakati peiyo nyowani yekupisa yekuvharisa quilt, chengetedzo yekupisa uye michina yekuunganidza kupisa ndiyo inotariswa yekutsvaga.

Zvitsva zvinopisa zvekudzivirira zvemukati zvinowanzo gadzirwa nekugadzirisa uye kusanganisa pamusoro pemvura uye zvichembera zvinodzivirira zvinhu senge firimu rakarukwa uye rakavharwa rinonzwika ne fluffy yemafuta ekudzivirira zvinhu senge akapfapfaidza-yakaputirwa donje, miscellaneous cashmere uye pearl donje.Firimu rakarukwa rakapfapfaidzwa-rakaputirwa nedonje rinopisa quilt rakaedzwa kuNortheast China.Zvakaonekwa kuti kuwedzera 500g yedonje yakapfapfaidzwa yakaenzana nekushanda kwekupisa kwe4500g dema yakanzwa kupisa kwekupisa pamusika.Pasi pemamiriro akafanana, kuita kwe700g yakapfapfaidzwa nedonje yakagadziridzwa ne1 ~ 2 ℃ kana ichienzaniswa ne500g yakapfapfaidzwa-yakavharwa nedonje inopisa quilt.Zvichakadaro, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakare zvakaona kuti kana zvichienzaniswa neanowanzo shandiswa ekuvharisa machira pamusika, iyo yekupisa yekuvharisa mhedzisiro yespray-yakavharwa donje uye akasiyana cashmere emafuta ekudzivirira quilts ari nani, neiyo thermal insulation rates ye84.0% uye 83.3 % zvichiteerana.Kana kutonhora kwekunze kwekunze kuri -24.4 ℃, tembiricha yemukati inogona kusvika 5.4 uye 4.2 ℃ zvichiteerana.Kana ichienzaniswa neyekuvharisa gumbeze remashanga, iyo itsva yakaumbwa insulation quilt ine zvakanakira uremu hwakareruka, high insulation rate, yakasimba kusapinda kwemvura uye kuchembera, uye inogona kushandiswa semhando nyowani yemhando yepamusoro-inoshanda yekuvharisa ma solar greenhouses.

Panguva imwecheteyo, maererano nekutsvakurudza kwezvinhu zvinopisa zvekupisa zvekupisa kwekushisa kwekupisa uye zvigadziridzo zvekuchengetedza, zvinowanikwawo kuti kana ukobvu hwakafanana, multi-layer composite thermal insulation materials ine zviri nani kupisa kwekushisa kwekushanda pane imwe chete.Chikwata chaProfessor Li Jianming vekuNorthwest A&F University vakagadzira uye vakaongorora marudzi makumi maviri nemaviri emidziyo yekuchengetera mvura yegreenhouse, senge vacuum board, airgel nedonje rerabha, uye kuyera zvinhu zvavo zvinopisa.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti 80mm yekupisa yekuvharisa coating + aerogel+rabha-purasitiki yekupisa yekotoni inoumba insulation material inogona kuderedza kupisa kwekushisa ne 0.367MJ panguva yeyuniti kana ichienzaniswa ne80mm rabha-plastiki donje, uye kupisa kwayo kuchinjika yaive 0.283W/(m2 ·k) apo ukobvu hwemusanganiswa we insulation waive 100mm.

Phase shanduko yezvinhu ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinopisa mukutsvagisa zvinhu zvegreenhouse.Northwest A&F University yakagadzira mhando mbiri dzechikamu chekuchinja midziyo yekuchengetera zvinhu: imwe ibhokisi rekuchengetera rakagadzirwa neblack polyethylene, ine saizi ye50cm×30cm×14cm (kureba×hurefu×hukobvu) uye izere nechikamu chekuchinja zvinhu, saka kuti inogona kuchengeta kupisa uye kusunungura kupisa;Kechipiri, rudzi rutsva rwechikamu-shanduko wallboard inogadzirwa.Iyo phase-change wallboard ine phase-change material, aluminium plate, aluminium-plastic plate uye aluminium alloy.Iyo chikamu-yekuchinja zvinhu iri panzvimbo yakanyanya yepakati pebhodhi, uye iyo yakatarwa ndeye 200mm×200mm×50mm.Ihupfu hwakasimba pamberi uye mushure mekuchinja kwechikamu, uye hapana chiitiko chekunyunguduka kana kuyerera.Iwo mana madziro echikamu-chekuchinja zvinhu ialuminium ndiro uye aluminium-plastic plate, zvichiteerana.Ichi chishandiso chinogona kuona mabasa ekunyanya kuchengetedza kupisa mukati mezuva uye kunyanya kuburitsa kupisa husiku.

Nokudaro, kune mamwe matambudziko mukushandiswa kwechinhu chimwe chete chekudzivirira kupisa, zvakadai sekuderera kwekushisa kwekushisa, kurasikirwa kukuru kwekupisa, nguva shoma yekuchengetedza kupisa, nezvimwewo. yekuvhara dhizaini yekupisa yekuchengetera mudziyo inogona zvinobudirira kuvandudza kupisa kwekupisa kwegreenhouse, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekupisa kwegreenhouse, uye nekudaro kuwana mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza simba.

Tsvagiridzo uye Kushandiswa kweNew Wall

Semhando yekuvharirwa chimiro, madziro chinhu chakakosha chipingamupinyi chekudzivirira kutonhora kwegreenhouse uye kuchengetedza kupisa.Zvinoenderana nemadziro emadziro uye zvimiro, kukwidziridzwa kwemadziro ekumusoro kwegreenhouse kunogona kukamurwa kuva marudzi matatu: iyo imwe-layer madziro akagadzirwa nevhu, zvidhinha, nezvimwewo, uye akaturikidzana madziro ekuchamhembe akagadzirwa nezvidhinha zvevhu, block zvidhinha, mapuranga e polystyrene, nezvimwewo, nekuchengetedza kupisa kwemukati uye kunze kwekudzivirira kupisa kwekunze, uye mazhinji emadziro aya anotora nguva uye kushanda nesimba;Nokudaro, mumakore achangopfuura, marudzi akawanda matsva emadziro akaonekwa, ayo ari nyore kuvaka uye akakodzera kuunganidza nokukurumidza.

Kubuda kwemhando itsva-akaunganidzwa madziro anosimudzira kukurumidza kukura kweakaungana greenhouses, kusanganisira itsva-mhando inoumbwa madziro ane ekunze asingapinde mvura uye anorwisa-kuchembera pamusoro pezvinhu uye zvinhu zvakadai sekunzwa, pearl donje, space donje, girazi donje kana recycled donje sekupisa. insulation layers, senge anochinjika akaungana madziro espray-bonded donje muXinjiang.Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakashumawo rusvingo rwekuchamhembe rweyakaungana greenhouse ine kupisa kwekupisa, senge yakazadzwa zvidhinha gorosi goko revhu muXinjiang.Pasi penzvimbo imwechete yekunze, kana tembiricha yekunze yakadzikira -20.8 ℃, tembiricha mu solar greenhouse ine wheat shell mortar block composite wall iri 7.5 ℃, nepo tembiricha mu solar greenhouse ine zvidhinha-concrete madziro iri 3.2 ℃.Nguva yekukohwa yematomatisi mune zvidhinha greenhouse inogona kufambiswa nemazuva gumi nematanhatu, uye goho reimwe greenhouse rinogona kuwedzera ne18.4%.

Chikwata cheNorthwest A&F University chakaisa pamberi pedhizaini zano rekugadzira mashanga, ivhu, mvura, dombo uye chikamu chekuchinja zvinhu kuti zvipinde mukupisa kwekupisa uye mamodule ekuchengetera kupisa kubva pakona yechiedza uye yakareruka dhizaini yemadziro, iyo yakasimudzira tsvakiridzo yekushandiswa kwemodular yakaungana. wall.Semuenzaniso, kana zvichienzaniswa neyakajairwa madziro emadziro greenhouse, avhareji tembiricha mugreenhouse i4.0 ℃ yakakwirira pazuva rakajairwa nezuva.Mhando nhatu dzeinorganic phase shanduko simende modules, iyo yakagadzirwa nechikamu chekuchinja zvinhu (PCM) uye simende, yakaunganidza kupisa kwe74.5, 88.0 uye 95.1 MJ/m.³, uye yakabudiswa kupisa kwe59.8, 67.8 uye 84.2 MJ/m³, zvichiteerana.Vane mabasa e "peak cutting" masikati, "mupata wekuzadza" usiku, kutora kupisa muzhizha uye kusunungura kupisa munguva yechando.

Masvingo matsva aya anounganidzwa panzvimbo, ane nguva pfupi yekuvaka uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, izvo zvinogadzira mamiriro ekuvakwa kwechiedza, kurerutswa uye nekukurumidza kuunganidzwa prefabricated greenhouses, uye inogona kukurudzira zvikuru shanduko yemaitiro e greenhouses.Nekudaro, pane zvimwe zvakakanganisika murudzi urwu rwemadziro, senge spray-bonded cotton thermal insulation quilt wall ine yakanakisa thermal insulation performance, asi inoshaya simba rekuchengetedza kupisa, uye chikamu chekuchinja chivakwa chine dambudziko rekushandisa kwakanyanya.Mune ramangwana, kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kwemadziro akaungana kunofanira kusimbiswa.

Simba idzva, zvishandiso zvitsva uye magadzirirwo matsva anobatsira shanduko yegreenhouse.

Tsvagiridzo uye kuvandudzwa kwesimba idzva uye zvinhu zvitsva zvinopa hwaro hwekugadzira dhizaini yegreenhouse.Simba rinochengetedza solar greenhouse uye arch shedhi ndizvo zvimiro zvakakura kwazvo mukugadzirwa kwekurima kweChina, uye vanoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira zvekurima.Nekudaro, nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwemagariro eChina, zvikanganiso zvemhando mbiri dzezvivakwa zvezvivakwa zviri kuwedzera kuratidzwa.Kutanga, nzvimbo yezvivakwa zvezvivakwa idiki uye dhigirii remakanisa yakaderera;Chechipiri, iyo inochengetedza solar greenhouse ine yakanaka yekupisa yekupisa, asi kushandiswa kwenyika kwakaderera, izvo zvakaenzana nekutsiva greenhouse simba nenyika.Ordinary arch shed haina kungova nenzvimbo diki, asiwo ine urombo hwekupisa kupisa.Kunyangwe iyo yakawanda-span greenhouse ine nzvimbo yakakura, ine isina kusimba yekupisa yekupisa uye yakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba.Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kutsvagisa nekuvandudza chimiro chegreenhouse chakakodzera nhanho yemazuva ano yemagariro nehupfumi, uye tsvakiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwesimba idzva uye zvinhu zvitsva zvichabatsira shanduko yegreenhouse kushanduka uye kugadzira akasiyana emhando yegreenhouse modhi kana zvimiro.

Innovative Research paMakuru-span Asymmetric Mvura-inodzorwa Brewing Greenhouse

Iyo yakakura-span asymmetric mvura-inodzorwa kubikira greenhouse (nhamba yepatent: ZL 201220391214.2) yakavakirwa pamusimboti wechiedza chezuva greenhouse, kushandura symmetrical chimiro cheyakajairwa yepurasitiki greenhouse, kuwedzera yekumaodzanyemba, kuwedzera nzvimbo yekuvhenekesa yedenga rezasi, kuderedza. nzvimbo yekuchamhembe uye kuderedza nzvimbo yekupisa kupisa, ine hurefu hwe 18 ~ 24m uye kureba kwe 6 ~ 7m.Kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwekugadzira, chimiro chepakati chakawedzerwa zvakanyanya.Panguva imwecheteyo, matambudziko ekusakwana kwekupisa mugreenhouse munguva yechando uye kushata kwekupisa kwemafuta ezvakajairwa zvinopisa zvinogadziriswa zvinogadziriswa nekushandisa tekinoroji nyowani yebiomass brewing heat uye thermal insulation materials.Mhedzisiro yekugadzira uye yekutsvagisa inoratidza kuti yakakura-yakareba asymmetric mvura-inodzorwa kubikira greenhouse, ine avhareji tembiricha ye11.7 ℃ pamazuva ezuva uye 10.8 ℃ mumazuva ane makore, inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekukura kwechirimwa munguva yechando, uye mutengo wekuvaka iyo greenhouse yakaderedzwa ne 39.6% uye huwandu hwekushandiswa kwevhu hunowedzerwa neinopfuura 30% kana ichienzaniswa neiyo polystyrene zvidhina madziro greenhouse, iyo inokodzera kuwedzera mukurumbira uye kushandiswa muYellow Huaihe River Basin yeChina.

Yakaungana zuva greenhouse

Yakaungana zuva greenhouse inotora mbiru uye skeleton yedenga seyakatakura-mutoro chimiro, uye madziro ayo anonyanya kupisa ekudzivirira evhavha, pachinzvimbo chekutakura uye kungoita kupisa kwekuchengetedza uye kusunungura.Zvikuru: (1) rudzi rutsva rwemadziro akaunganidzwa anoumbwa nekubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana senge firimu rakavharidzirwa kana ruvara simbi ndiro, uswa block, flexible thermal insulation quilt, mortar block, etc. (2) composite wall board yakagadzirwa ne prefabricated simende board. -polystyrene board-cement board;(3) Chiedza uye chakareruka gungano remhando yemafuta ekudzivirira anodziya ane anoshanda kupisa ekuchengetedza uye kuburitsa sisitimu uye dehumidification system, senge epurasitiki sikweya bhakiti kupisa kwekuchengetedza uye pombi yekupisa yekuchengetera.Kushandisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvitsva kupisa ekudzivirira zvinhu uye kupisa ekuchengetedza zvinhu panzvimbo yechinyakare pasi madziro kuvaka solar greenhouse ine nzvimbo hombe uye diki civil engineering.Mhedzisiro yekuedza inoratidza kuti tembiricha yegreenhouse husiku munguva yechando i4.5 ℃ yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yechinyakare zvidhinha-madziro greenhouse, uye ukobvu hwemadziro ekumashure i166mm.Kuenzaniswa ne600mm gobvu yezvidhinha-madziro greenhouse, nzvimbo inogarwa yemadziro inoderedzwa ne72%, uye mutengo pa square mita i334.5 yuan, inova 157.2 yuan yakaderera pane iyo yezvidhinha-madziro greenhouse, uye mutengo wekuvaka. yadzikira zvakanyanya.Naizvozvo, iyo yakaunganidzwa girinihausi ine zvakanakira kushoma kurimwa kuparadzwa kwevhu, kuchengetedza ivhu, kukurumidza kuvaka kukurumidza uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, uye igwara rakakosha rekuvandudza uye kusimudzira solar greenhouses panguva ino uye mune ramangwana.

Sliding sunlight greenhouse

Iyo skateboard-yakaungana simba-inochengetedza solar greenhouse yakagadziridzwa neShenyang Agricultural University inoshandisa kuseri kwemadziro e solar greenhouse kugadzira mvura inotenderera madziro ekudziya kuchengetedza system kuchengetedza kupisa nekusimudza tembiricha, iyo inonyanya kuumbwa nedziva (32m.³), ndiro yekuunganidza chiedza (360m²), pombi yemvura, pombi yemvura uye controller.Iyo inochinjika yekuvharisa quilt inotsiviwa nerumwe runyoro rwedombo rune ruvara rwesimbi ndiro pamusoro.Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti dhizaini iyi inogadzirisa zvinogadzirisa dambudziko remagebhu anovharira mwenje, uye inowedzera chiedza chekupinda nzvimbo yegreenhouse.Iyo kona yekuvhenekesa yegreenhouse ndeye 41.5 °, iyo inenge 16 ° yakakwirira kupfuura iyo yekudzora greenhouse, nokudaro kuvandudza mwero wemwenje.Kugovera kwekushisa kwemukati kwakafanana, uye zvirimwa zvinokura zvakanaka.Iyo greenhouse ine zvakanakira kuvandudza kushandiswa kwevhu kushanda zvakanaka, kuchinjika kugadzira greenhouse saizi uye kupfupisa nguva yekuvaka, iyo yakakosha zvikuru kuchengetedza zvakarimwa zviwanikwa uye zvakatipoteredza.

Photovoltaic greenhouse

Agricultural greenhouse is a greenhouse inobatanidza solar photovoltaic simba rekugadzira, hungwaru kutonga tembiricha uye yemazuva ano high-tech kudyara.Inotora pfupa resimbi yesimbi uye yakafukidzwa ne solar photovoltaic modules kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvhenekera zvinodiwa zve photovoltaic power generation modules uye zvinodikanwa zvekuvhenekera kwegreenhouse yose.Iyo yakananga ikozvino inogadzirwa nesimba rezuva rinowedzera zvakananga chiedza chekurima greenhouses, inotsigira zvakananga kushanda kwakajairika kwemidziyo yegreenhouse, inotyaira kudiridza kwemvura, inowedzera tembiricha yegreenhouse uye inosimudzira kukurumidza kukura kwezvirimwa.Photovoltaic modules nenzira iyi ichakanganisa mwenje wegreenhouse denga, uye wobva wakanganisa kukura kwakajairika kwegreenhouse miriwo.Nokudaro, kurongeka kwemaitiro e photovoltaic panels padenga regreenhouse inova iyo inokosha yekushandiswa.Agricultural greenhouse chigadzirwa chemusanganiswa wekuona kurima uye kurima gadheni, uye iindasitiri yezvekurima yezvekurima inobatanidza photovoltaic magetsi ekugadzira, kuona zvekurima, zvirimwa zvekurima, tekinoroji yekurima, nzvimbo uye kusimudzira tsika.

Innovative dhizaini yeboka regreenhouse rine simba rekudyidzana pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzegreenhouses

Guo Wenzhong, muongorori paBeijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, anoshandisa kudziyisa nzira yekufambisa simba pakati pegreenhouses kuunganidza yakasara kupisa simba mune imwe kana kupfuura greenhouses kupisa imwe kana akawanda greenhouses.Iyi nzira yekudziya inoziva kutamiswa kwesimba regreenhouse munguva nenzvimbo, inovandudza simba rekushandiswa kwesimba rinosara regreenhouse kupisa simba, uye inoderedza kupisa kwese kushandiswa kwesimba.Mhando mbiri dzemagreenhouses dzinogona kuve dzakasiyana girinhi mhando kana imwechete greenhouse mhando yekudyara zvirimwa zvakasiyana, senge lettuce nemadomasi greenhouse.Nzira dzekuunganidza kupisa dzinonyanya kusanganisira kuburitsa kupisa kwemhepo mukati uye kuvharira zvakananga chiitiko mwaranzi.Kuburikidza nekuunganidzwa kwesimba rezuva, kumanikidzwa kutenderedzwa nekutsinhanisa kupisa uye kumanikidzwa kudhirowa nepombi yekupisa, kupisa kwakawanda mugreenhouse ine simba rakawanda kwakatorwa kuitira kudziyisa greenhouse.

pfupikisa

Aya magreenhouse matsva ezuva ane zvakanakira kusangana nekukurumidza, kupfupika nguva yekuvaka uye yakagadziridzwa mwero wekushandiswa kwevhu.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti uenderere mberi nekuongorora mashandiro eiyi magreenhouses matsva munzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye nekupa mukana wekuzivikanwa kukuru uye kushandiswa kwemagreenhouse matsva.Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kuti urambe uchisimbisa kushandiswa kwesimba idzva uye zvinhu zvitsva mu greenhouses, kuitira kuti ipe simba rekugadzirisa kwemaitiro e greenhouses.

Tarisiro yeramangwana uye kufunga

Traditional greenhouses kazhinji ane zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, zvakadai sekushandiswa kwesimba guru, kuderera kwekushandiswa kwevhu, kutora nguva uye kushandiswa kwevashandi, kusaita zvakanaka, nezvimwewo, izvo zvisingachakwanisi kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvekurima kwemazuva ano, uye zvinosungirwa zvishoma nezvishoma. kubviswa.Naizvozvo, inzira yekusimudzira kushandisa masosi emagetsi ezuva, simba rebiomass, geothermal simba uye simba remhepo, zvitsva zvegreenhouse application zvinhu uye dhizaini nyowani kusimudzira shanduko yegreenhouse.Chokutanga pane zvose, iyo itsva greenhouse inotungamirirwa nesimba idzva uye zvinhu zvitsva haifaniri kungosangana nezvinodiwa zvemichina yekushanda, asiwo kuchengetedza simba, ivhu uye mari.Chechipiri, zvinodikanwa kuti ugare uchiongorora mashandiro egreenhouses matsva munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kuitira kuti upe mamiriro ekukurumbira kukuru kwegreenhouses.Mune ramangwana, tinofanira kuwedzera kutsvaga simba idzva uye zvinhu zvitsva zvakakodzera greenhouse application, uye kuwana yakanakisa kusanganiswa kwesimba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye greenhouse, kuitira kuti zvikwanise kuvaka greenhouse itsva ine mutengo wakaderera, kuvakwa kwenguva pfupi. nguva, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera uye kuita kwakanakisa, kubatsira iyo greenhouse chimiro shanduko uye kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwezvinomera zvegreenhouse muChina.

Kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwesimba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye magadzirirwo matsva pakuvaka greenhouse iri muitiro usingadzivisiki, pachine matambudziko akawanda anofanira kuongororwa nekukunda: (1) Mari yekuvaka inowedzera.Kuenzaniswa nekudziya kwechinyakare nemarasha, gasi rechisikigo kana oiri, kushandiswa kwesimba idzva uye zvinhu zvitsva zvine hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvisina kusvibiswa, asi mutengo wekuvaka unowedzera zvakanyanya, izvo zvine chekuita nekudzoreredza kwekudyara kwekugadzira nekushanda. .Kuenzaniswa nekushandiswa kwesimba, mutengo wezvinhu zvitsva uchawedzerwa zvakanyanya.(2) Kusagadzikana kushandiswa kwesimba rekupisa.Mukana wakakurisa wekushandiswa kwesimba idzva mutengo wakaderera wekushandisa uye wakaderera kabhoni dhiabhorosi emission, asi kupihwa kwesimba nekupisa hakuna kugadzikana, uye mazuva ane makore anove chinhu chikuru chinomisa mukushandiswa kwesimba rezuva.Mukuita kwekugadzirwa kwekupisa kwebiomass nekuvirisa, kushandiswa kunobudirira kwesimba iri kunoganhurwa nezvinetso zvesimba rekuvirisa kupisa kwesimba, kutungamira kwakaoma uye kutonga, uye nzvimbo huru yekuchengetera yekutakura zvinhu mbishi.(3) Technology kukura.Aya matekinoroji anoshandiswa nesimba idzva uye zvinhu zvitsva tsvakiridzo yepamberi uye kubudirira kwetekinoroji, uye nzvimbo yavo yekushandisa uye chiyero zvichiri kushoma.Havana kupfuura kakawanda, nzvimbo dzakawanda uye yakakura-chiyero chekudzidzira, uye pane zvisingadziviriki zvimwe zvinoshomeka uye zvehunyanzvi zvirimo zvinoda kuvandudzwa mukushandisa.Vashandisi vanowanzoramba kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi nekuda kwekushomeka kudiki.(4) Tekinoroji yekupinda mwero yakaderera.Kushandiswa kwakakura kwebudiriro yesainzi uye tekinoroji kunoda kumwe mukurumbira.Parizvino, simba idzva, tekinoroji nyowani uye tekinoroji nyowani yekugadzira tekinoroji zvese zviri muboka renzvimbo dzesainzi dzekutsvaga mumayunivhesiti ane humwe hutsva kugona, uye vazhinji vehunyanzvi vanoda kana vagadziri havasati vaziva;Panguva imwecheteyo, kufarirwa uye kushandiswa kwematekinoroji matsva kuchiri kushoma nekuti midziyo yakakosha yetekinoroji nyowani ine patent.(5) Kubatanidzwa kwesimba idzva, zvinhu zvitsva uye greenhouse chimiro dhizaini inoda kusimbiswa zvakare.Nekuti simba, zvinhu uye greenhouse chimiro dhizaini ndezvematatu akasiyana dzidziso, matarenda ane greenhouse dhizaini ruzivo anowanzo shaya tsvakiridzo pamusoro pesimba rine chekuita negreenhouse uye zvinhu, uye zvinopesana;Nokudaro, vatsvakurudzi vane chokuita nekutsvaga kwesimba uye zvigadzirwa vanofanira kusimbisa kuferefetwa uye kunzwisisa kwezvinodikanwa chaizvo zvekusimudzira indasitiri yegreenhouse, uye vagadziri vezvimiro vanofanirawo kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva nesimba idzva kusimudzira kubatanidzwa kwakadzama kwehukama hutatu, kuitira kuti vabudirire. chinangwa cheiyo inoshanda greenhouse research tekinoroji, yakaderera mutengo wekuvaka uye yakanaka yekushandisa maitiro.Zvichienderana nezvinetso zviri pamusoro, zvinokurudzirwa kuti nyika, hurumende dzenzvimbo nenzvimbo dzekutsvagisa zvesainzi dzinofanirwa kusimbaradza tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi, kuita tsvakiridzo yakadzama, kusimbisa kushambadzwa kwezvakabudirira zvesainzi uye tekinoroji, kuvandudza kufarirwa kwezvakabudirira, uye nekukurumidza kuziva chinangwa chesimba idzva uye zvinhu zvitsva zvekubatsira kusimudzira kutsva kweindasitiri yegreenhouse.

Mashoko akataurwa

Li Jianming, Sun Guotao, Li Haojie, Li Rui, Hu Yixin.Simba idzva, zvishandiso zvitsva uye dhizaini nyowani zvinobatsira shanduko nyowani yegreenhouse [J].Miriwo, 2022,(10):1-8.