Abstract

Parizvino, fekitari yezvirimwa yakabudirira kuuchika mbesa dzemuriwo dzakaita semagaka, matomatisi, mhiripiri, maeggplant nemavise, zvichipa varimi mbesa dzemhando yepamusoro dziri mumabhachi, uye kuita kwekugadzira mushure mekudyara kuri nani.Mafekitori ezvekudyara ave nzira yakakosha yekudyara indasitiri yemuriwo, uye inotora basa rakakosha mukusimudzira kugadziridzwa kwegadziriro yeindasitiri yemiriwo, kuve nechokwadi chekuwaniswa kwemuriwo mumaguta uye kugadzirwa kwemiriwo yakasvibira.

Dyara fekitori mbeu yekuberekesa masisitimu ekugadzira uye kiyi yehunyanzvi michina

Seyakanyanya mashandiro ekurima ekurima pari zvino, iyo fekitori yekudyara mbeu yekudyara inosanganisa yakazara tekinoroji nzira dzinosanganisira mwenje wekugadzira, chikafu chekugadzirisa, matatu-dimensional kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza, otomatiki anobatsira mashandiro, hungwaru manejimendi ekugadzira, nezvimwewo, uye inosanganisa biotechnology, ruzivo. tekinoroji uye hungwaru hwekugadzira.Hungwaru uye zvimwe budiriro yepamusoro-soro inosimudzira kuenderera mberi kweindasitiri. 

LED artificial light source system

Kuvakwa kwenzvimbo yemwenje yekugadzira ndiyo imwe yetekinoroji yekudyara kwembesa mumafekitori ezvirimwa, uye zvakare ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa kwesimba mukugadzira mbeu.Mamiriro emwenje emafekitori ezvirimwa ane kuchinjika kwakasimba, uye nharaunda yechiedza inogona kudzorwa kubva kune akati wandei mativi akadai sechiedza chemhando, kusimba kwechiedza uye photoperiod, uye panguva imwe chete, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemwenje zvinogona kugadziridzwa uye kubatanidzwa mukutevedzana kwenguva kugadzira a. light formula yekurimwa kwembesa, kuve nechokwadi chakakodzera nzvimbo ine chiedza chekudyara kwekugadzira mbesa.Naizvozvo, zvichibva pahunhu hwekuda kwechiedza uye zvinangwa zvekugadzira zvekukura kwakasiyana kwembesa, nekugadzirisa mwenje fomula paramita uye mwenje nzira yekupa mwenje, yakakosha inochengetedza simba re LED sosi yakagadziridzwa, iyo inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya simba rekushandura simba rembeu. , kukurudzira kuunganidzwa kwembesa biomass, uye kunatsiridza mhando yekugadzirwa kwembesa, uku ichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba uye mutengo wekugadzira.Pamusoro pezvo, mwenje nharaunda mutemo zvakare yakakosha tekinoroji nzira mukuita kurima mbesa uye kuporeswa kwembeu dzakabatanidzwa.

Detachable multi-layer vertical seedling system

Kuuchika kwembesa mufekitari yezvirimwa kunoitwa nekushandisa masherufu akawanda-matatu-dimensional.Kuburikidza neiyo modular system dhizaini, kukurumidza kusangana kwembeu yekusimudza sisitimu inogona kuitika.Kupatsanurana pakati pemasherufu kunogona kugadziridzwa zviri nyore kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa nenzvimbo yekuberekesa mhando dzakasiyana dzemadzinde uye kunatsiridza zvakanyanya mwero wekushandiswa kwenzvimbo.Pamusoro pezvo, dhizaini yakapatsanurwa yembeu yembeu, mwenje wemwenje, nemvura nemadiridziro efetereza inoita kuti mubhedha wembeu ukwanise kuita zvese zvekufambisa, izvo zviri nyore kuenda kumashopu akasiyana sekudyara, kumera nekupfuya, uye zvinoderedza basa. kushandiswa kweseedling tray kubata.

Detachable multi-layer vertical seedling system 

Kudiridza kwemvura nefetereza kunonyanya kutora mhando yemvura, mhando yekupfapfaidza uye dzimwe nzira, kuburikidza nekudzora kwakaringana nguva uye kuwanda kwekupihwa kwechikafu chekudya, kuwana yunifomu yekugovera uye kushandiswa kwakanaka kwemvura nemamineral zvinovaka muviri.Yakasanganiswa neiyo yakakosha sososheni yekudyara mbesa, inogona kusangana nekukura nekukura kwezvido zvemadzinde uye kuona kukura nekukurumidza uye kune hutano kwemadzinde.Uye zvakare, kuburikidza neiyo online inovaka ion yekuona system uye inovaka muviri mhinduro sterilization system, zvinovaka muviri zvinogona kuzadzikiswa nekufamba kwenguva, uchidzivirira kuunganidzwa kwezvipembenene uye yechipiri metabolites inokanganisa kukura kwakajairika kwembeu. 

Environmental Control System

Kwakanyatso uye kwakanyatso kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvechirimwa fekitori seedling propagation system.Iyo yekunze yekugadziridza chimiro chefekitori yechirimwa kazhinji inounganidzwa kubva kuzvinhu zvinopenya uye zvinodzivirira zvakanyanya.Pahwaro uhwu, kudzorwa kwechiedza, tembiricha, humidity, kumhanya kwemhepo, uye CO2 inenge isingakanganisike nekunze kwezvakatipoteredza.Kuburikidza nekuvakwa kweiyo CFD modhi yekuvandudza marongero emhepo duct, yakasanganiswa neiyo micro-environment control nzira, kugovera kwakafanana kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu senge tembiricha, mwando, kumhanya kwemhepo, uye CO2 munzvimbo yepamusoro-density tsika nzvimbo inogona. zviwanikwe.Iyo yakangwara yemamiriro ekunze regulation inoitwa nekugoverwa masensa uye kuonana kudzora, uye chaiyo-nguva mutemo wenzvimbo yese yekurima inoitwa kuburikidza nekubatana pakati peiyo monitoring unit uye control system.Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwemvura yakanyoroveswa magetsi uye kutenderera kwemvura, pamwe chete nekuiswa kwekunze kwekunze kunotonhora, kunogona kuwana kutonhora kwekuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba remhepo.

Otomatiki yebetsero midziyo yekushandisa

Iyo fekitori yekudyara mbesa yekuberekesa maitiro akasimba, density yekushanda yakakwira, nzvimbo yacho ine compact, uye otomatiki yekubatsira michina inokosha.Iko kushandiswa kweiyo otomatiki yekubatsira michina haingobatsiri kudzikisira kushandiswa kwevashandi, asiwo kunobatsira kuvandudza kushanda kwenzvimbo yekurima.Midziyo yeautomation yakagadziridzwa kusvika parizvino inosanganisira plug ivhu rekuvharisa muchina, seeder, grafting muchina, AGV logistics conveying trolley, etc. Pasi pekutonga kweiyo inotsigira hungwaru manejimendi chikuva, kushanda kusingaitwe kwese kwese kwembeu kuberekesa kunogona kunyanya kuve. akaziva.Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji yekuona muchina inoitawo basa rinowedzera kukosha mukuita kuberekesa mbeu.Izvo hazvibatsiri chete kutarisa mamiriro ekukura kwembesa, inobatsira mukutarisira mbesa dzekutengesa, asi zvakare inoita otomatiki kuongorora kwembeu dzisina kusimba uye mbesa dzakafa.Ruoko rwerobhoti runobvisa uye runozadza mbesa.

Zvakanakira zvekudyara fekitori yekudyara mbeu

High level yekudzora kwezvakatipoteredza inogonesa kugadzirwa kwegore negore

Nekuda kwekusiyana kwekurera kwembesa, kutonga kwenzvimbo yekurima kwayo kwakakosha zvikuru.Pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira fekitari, zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvakadai sechiedza, tembiricha, mvura, mhepo, fetiraiza uye CO2 zvinodzorwa zvakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kupa nzvimbo yakanakisa yekukura kwembeu yekuberekesa, zvisinei nemwaka uye matunhu.Pamusoro pezvo, mukuberekesa mbesa dzakanamatidzwa nekucheka mbesa, maitiro ekubatanidza kuporeswa kweronda uye kusiyanisa midzi kunoda kutonga kwepamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza, uye mafekitori ezvirimwa zvakare vatakuri vakanakisa.Kuchinja-chinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwefekitari yemiti pachayo yakasimba, saka yakakosha zvikuru pakugadzirwa kwembesa dzemiriwo mumwaka usiri wekubereka kana munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa, uye inogona kupa rubatsiro rwembesa kuti ive nechokwadi chekupa miriwo yekusingaperi.Pamusoro pezvo, kuberekeswa kwembesa kwemafekitori ezvirimwa hakuganhurwe nenzvimbo, uye kunogona kuitwa ipapo ipapo munzvimbo dzemumaguta nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji.Izvo zvinotsanangurwa zvinochinjika uye zvinoshanduka, zvichigonesa kugadzirwa kwakawanda uye kuvharika kwembeu dzemhando yepamusoro, zvichipa rubatsiro rwakakosha mukusimudzira kurima horticulture yemaguta. 

Kupfupisa nguva yekuberekesa uye kuvandudza kunaka kwembesa

Pasi pemamiriro emufekitori yezvirimwa, nekuda kwekutonga kwakaringana kwekukura kwakasiyana kwezvakatipoteredza, kutenderera kwembesa kunopfupikiswa ne30% kusvika 50% zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare.Kupfupikiswa kwechikamu chekuberekesa kunogona kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwembesa, kuwedzera mari yemugadziri, uye kuderedza njodzi yekushandisa inokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemusika.Kune varimi, zvinobatsira kukurumidza kudyara nekudyara, kutanga kwemusika kutanga, uye kukwikwidza kwemusika.Kune rimwe divi, mbesa dzakauchikwa mufekitori yezvirimwa dzakatsvinda uye dzakasimba, zviratidzo zve morphological uye zvemhando zvinovandudzwa zvakanyanya, uye kuita kwekugadzira mushure mekukoloni kuri nani.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti madomasi, mhiripiri uye cucumber mbesa dzakasimwa pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira fekitori kwete kungovandudza nzvimbo yeshizha, kureba kwechirimwa, dhayamita yetsinde, simba remidzi uye zvimwe zviratidzo, asiwo inovandudza kuchinjika, kuramba kwechirwere, kusiyanisa kwemaruva mushure mekoloni.Uye kugadzirwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvine zvakanakira zviri pachena.Huwandu hwemaruva echikadzi pachirimwa hwakawedzera ne33.8% uye huwandu hwemichero pachirimwa hwakawedzera ne37.3% mushure mekudyarwa kwemadzinde emagaka akauchikwa mumafekitari ezvirimwa.Nekuenderera mberi nekudzika kwetsvakiridzo yedzidziso pamusoro pebiology yekukura kwemhodzi, mafekitori ezvirimwa anove akanyanya uye anodzoreka mukuumba seedling morphology uye kunatsiridza chiitiko chemuviri.

 Kufananidzwa kweiyo nyika yembeu dzakabatanidzwa mumagreenhouses uye mafekitori ezvirimwa

Kushandisa zviwanikwa zvakanaka kuderedza mari yembesa

Iyo fekitori yekudyara inotora yakamisikidzwa, yakadzidziswa uye maindasitiri nzira dzekudyara, kuitira kuti chinongedzo chega chega chekugadzira mbeu chinyatsodzorwa, uye kugona kwekushandisa zviwanikwa kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya.Mbeu ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mukuuchika mbeu.Nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwembeu uye kusadzora zvakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza mbesa dzechinyakare, kune matambudziko akadai sekusamera kana kusakura kwembeu, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekurasika kukuru kubva pambeu kuenda kune dzekutengesa.Munzvimbo yefekitari yezvirimwa, kuburikidza nekudyara mbeu, kudyara kwakanaka uye kutonga kwakaringana kwenzvimbo yekurima, kushandiswa kwembeu kwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, uye dosi inogona kudzikiswa neinopfuura 30%.Mvura, fetereza nezvimwe zviwanikwa ndiwo zvakare mutengo mukuru wekuuchika mbesa dzechinyakare, uye chiitiko chekuraswa kwezviwanikwa chakakomba.Pasi pemamiriro emafekitori ezvirimwa, kuburikidza nekushandisa tekinoroji yekudiridza chaiyo, kushanda kwemvura uye kushandiswa kwefetereza kunogona kuwedzerwa neinopfuura 70%.Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwekubatana kwechimiro chefekitari yechirimwa pachayo uye kufanana kwekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza, simba uye CO2 kushandiswa kwekushandisa mukuita kwekudyara kwembesa kunovandudzwawo zvakanyanya.

Kuenzaniswa nekukwidziridzwa kwemadzinde kwechinyakare uye kusimudza mbesa dzegreenhouse, chinhu chikuru chekuuchika mbesa mumafekitori ezvirimwa ndechekuti inogona kuitwa nenzira ine mativi matatu ane mativi akawanda.Mufekitari yemiti, kubereka kwembesa kunogona kuwedzerwa kubva kundege kuenda kunzvimbo yakatwasuka, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya kubereka kwembesa pachikamu chevhu uye inovandudza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwenzvimbo.Semuenzaniso, iyo yakajairwa module yekuberekesa mbeu yakagadziridzwa nekambani yebiological, pasi pemamiriro ekuvhara nzvimbo ye4.68 ㎡, inogona kuberekesa mbesa dzinopfuura zviuru gumi mubatch rimwe chete, inogona kushandiswa 3.3 Mu (2201.1 ㎡) kugadzira muriwo. zvinodiwa.Pasi pemamiriro ehurefu-density akawanda-layer matatu-dimensional kuberekesa, kutsigira otomatiki ebetsero midziyo uye nehungwaru hwekufambisa sisitimu inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kwekushandiswa kwevashandi uye kuchengetedza vashandi nevanopfuura 50%.

High resistance seeding kuberekesa kubatsira green production

Nzvimbo yakachena yekugadzirwa kwefekitari yemiti inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuitika kwezvipembenene nezvirwere munzvimbo yekuberekesa.Panguva imwecheteyo, kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwakagadziridzwa kwemamiriro emagariro, mbesa dzakagadzirwa dzinenge dziine kupikisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kupfapfaidza kwemishonga panguva yekuparadzira nekudyara.Pamusoro pezvo, pakuuchika mbesa dzakakosha dzakadai sembeu dzakabatanidzwa nekucheka mbesa, matanho ekudzora girinhi sechiedza, tembiricha, mvura nefetereza mufekitari yezvirimwa anogona kushandiswa kutsiva kushandiswa kwakakura kwemahomoni mumabasa echinyakare kuti ave nechokwadi. kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuwana mbesa dzakasvibirira Kugadzirwa kwakasimba.

Kuongorora mutengo wekugadzira 

Nzira dzemafekitari ekudyara kuwedzera hupfumi hwembeu dzinonyanya kusanganisira zvikamu zviviri.Kune rimwe divi, nekugadzirisa dhizaini, mashandiro akamisikidzwa uye kushandiswa kwezvivakwa zvine hungwaru nemidziyo, inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwembeu, magetsi nekushanda mukugadzira mbeu, uye kugadzirisa mvura, fetereza, kupisa, uye kushandiswa kwesimba. .Iko kushandiswa kwemashandisirwo egasi uye CO2 kunoderedza mutengo wekuberekesa mbeu;kune rumwe rutivi, kuburikidza nekunyatso kudzora kwezvakatipoteredza uye optimization yekuyerera kwemaitiro, nguva yekuberekesa yembesa inopfupiswa, uye batch yegore rekuberekesa uye goho rembesa pane imwe unit nzvimbo inowedzerwa, iyo inonyanya kukwikwidza mumusika. 

Nekuvandudza tekinoroji yefekitori yezvirimwa uye nekuenderera mberi nekudzika kwetsvakiridzo yebiology yezvakatipoteredza pakurima mbesa, mutengo wekuberekesa mbesa mumafekitori ezvirimwa wakangofanana neuyo wekurimwa kwegreenhouse, uye kunaka uye kukosha kwemusika kwembeu kwakakwira.Tichitora mbesa dzegaka semuenzaniso, zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvinoverengera chikamu chikuru, zvichiverengera inosvika 37% yemutengo wakazara, kusanganisira mhodzi, mushonga wezvinovaka muviri, plug trays, substrates, nezvimwewo. Magetsi anoshandisa simba rinokwana 24% yehuwandu. mutengo, unosanganisira kuvheneka kwechirimwa, mhepo yekumisikidza uye zvinovaka muviri mhinduro pombi simba rekushandisa, nezvimwewo, inova ndiyo huru nhungamiro yemangwana optimization.Mukuwedzera, chikamu chakaderera chebasa chinhu chekugadzirwa kwefekitari yemiti.Nekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kwechiyero che automation, mutengo wekushandiswa kwevashandi uchawedzerwa kuderedzwa.Mune ramangwana, zvikomborero zvehupfumi zvekuberekesa mbeu mumafekitari emiti zvinogona kuvandudzwa kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwezvirimwa zvakakosha uye kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekurima hwemaindasitiri hwembeu dzemiti yakakosha yemasango.

Cucumber seeding mutengo kuumbwa /%

Industrialization Status

Mumakore achangopfuura, masangano ekutsvagisa sainzi anomiririrwa neUrban Agriculture Research Institute yeChinese Academy yezvekurima Sayenzi, uye mabhizinesi epamusoro-soro akaona indasitiri yekudyara mbeu mumafekitori ezvirimwa.Inogona kupa madzinde ane mutsara wekugadzira maindasitiri kubva kumbeu kusvika pakubura.Pakati pavo, fekitori yekudyara muShanxi yakavakwa uye ikatanga kushanda muna 2019 inovhara nzvimbo ye3,500 ㎡ uye inogona kubereka 800,000 mhodzi dzemhiripiri kana 550,000 madzinde ematomatisi mukati memazuva makumi matatu.Imwe fekitori yekuberekesa mbeu yakavakirwa inovhara nzvimbo ye2300 ㎡ uye inogona kuburitsa 8-10 miriyoni mbesa pagore.Chirimwa chekuporesa chirimwa chembeu dzakabatanidzwa zvakazvimiririra neInstitute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences inogona kupa musangano-mutsetse wekuporesa uye chikuva chekurima chekudyara mbesa dzakabatanidzwa.Nzvimbo imwe chete yekushanda inokwanisa kubata mbesa dzakabatanidzwa dzinodarika zviuru gumi panguva imwe.Mune ramangwana, kusiyana-siyana kwembesa dzekudyara mbeu mumafekitori ezvirimwa zvinotarisirwa kuwedzera kuwedzera, uye nhanho yeautomation nehungwaru icharamba ichivandudza.

Iyo inoporesa chirimwa chembeu dzakabatanidzwa chakagadzirwa neInstitute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Outlook

Semutakuri mutsva wekusimudza mbesa dzefekitari, mafekitori ezvirimwa ane mabhenefiti makuru uye mukana wekutengesa zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare ekurera mbeu maererano nekutonga kwezvakatipoteredza, mashandisirwo ezviwanikwa nemazvo uye mashandiro akaenzana.Kuburikidza nekuderedza kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaita sembeu, mvura, fetereza, simba nevashandi mukuuchika mbeu, nekuvandudza goho nemhando yemadzinde pachikamu chimwe chete, mutengo wekuuchika mbesa mumafekitari uchadzikiswa, uye zvirimwa zvichawedzera. kuve nemakwikwi zvakanyanya pamusika.Kune kudiwa kukuru kwembesa muChina.Pamusoro pekurima mbesa dzechivanhu dzakaita semuriwo, mbesa dzemhando yepamusoro dzakaita semaruva, mishonga yemakwenzi ekuChina nemiti isingawanzogadzirwa inotarisirwa kuuchikwa mumafekitari ezvirimwa, uye pundutso munyaya dzezvehupfumi huchavandudzwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, chikuva chekuberekesa mbesa chakabudirira chinoda kufunga nezve kuenderana uye kuchinjika kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekuberekesa mbeu kuti dzizadzise zvinodiwa nemusika wekuberekesa mbesa mumwaka yakasiyana.

Dzidziso yebhayoloji yenzvimbo yekuberekesa mbeu ndiyo musimboti wekutonga chaiko kwenzvimbo yefekitari yezvirimwa.Tsvagiridzo yakadzama pamusoro pekutonga kwembesa yechirimwa chimiro uye photosynthesis uye zvimwe zviitiko zvemuviri nezvakatipoteredza zvakaita sechiedza, tembiricha, humidity uye CO2 zvichabatsira kumisikidza seedling-environment yekudyidzana modhi, iyo inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba kwembesa kugadzira uye. vandudza kunaka nekugadzirwa kwembesa.Hunhu hunopa hwaro hwe theoretical.Pahwaro uhwu, kudzora tekinoroji uye midziyo ine chiedza sepakati uye pamwe chete nezvimwe zvakatipoteredza, uye gadzirisa magadzirirwo embeu ane akakosha marudzi ezvirimwa, kufanana kwepamusoro uye yemhando yepamusoro kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekurima kwepamusoro uye kushandiswa kwemichina muchirimwa. mafekitari anogona kuvandudzwa.Pakupedzisira, inopa hwaro hwehunyanzvi hwekuvakwa kwedhijitari yekugadzira mbesa uye inoona yakajairwa, isina munhu uye yedhijitari yekuberekesa mbeu mumafekitori ezvirimwa.

Munyori: Xu Yaliang, Liu Xinying, nezvimwe. 

Citation information:

Xu Yaliang, Liu Xinying, Yang Qichang.Key tekinoroji michina uye maindasitiri ekudyara mbeu mumafekitori ezvirimwa [J].Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2021,42(4):12-15.