Abstract: Miti yemiriwo ndiyo danho rokutanga mukugadzirwa kwemiriwo, uye kunaka kwembesa kwakakosha zvikuru kune goho uye kunaka kwemiriwo mushure mekudyara. Nekukwenenzverwa kunoenderera mberi kwekupatsanurwa kwevashandi muindasitiri yemiriwo, mbesa dzemiriwo zvishoma nezvishoma dzakagadzira cheni yakazvimirira yeindasitiri uye yakashanda kugadzirwa kwemuriwo. Zvichikanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze akaipa, nzira dzekudyara dzechinyakare dzinosangana nematambudziko mazhinji sekukura zvishoma kwembeu, kukura kwemakumbo, uye tumbuyu nezvirwere. Kutarisana nembesa dzemakumbo, varimi vakawanda vezvokutengeserana vanoshandisa kukura regulators. Nekudaro, kune njodzi dzekuoma kwembesa, kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza nekushandiswa kwevakuru vekukura. Pamusoro pemakemikari ekudzora nzira, kunyangwe mechaniki yekukurudzira, tembiricha uye kutonga kwemvura kunogona kuitawo basa mukudzivirira makumbo kukura kwembeu, iwo ari mashoma nyore uye anoshanda. Pasi pekukanganisa kwedenda idzva repasi rose reCovid-19, matambudziko ekugadzirisa manejimendi matambudziko anokonzerwa nekushomeka kwevashandi uye kukwira kwemitengo yevashandi muindasitiri yembesa zvanyanya.

Nekuvandudza tekinoroji yekuvhenekesa, kushandiswa kwechiedza chekugadzira kusimudza mbesa dzemuriwo kune zvakanakira zvemhando yepamusoro yembesa, tupukanana nezvirwere, uye nyore kumira. Kuenzaniswa nemagetsi echinyakare, chizvarwa chitsva chemwenje che LED chine hunhu hwekuchengetedza simba, kugona kwakanyanya, hupenyu hurefu, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusimba, diki saizi, yakaderera kupisa kwemwaranzi, uye madiki wavelength amplitude. Inogona kuumba spectrum yakakodzera maererano nekukura uye kukura zvinodiwa nembeu munharaunda yemafekitori ezvirimwa, uye kunyatso kudzora physiological uye metabolic maitiro embeu, panguva imwe chete, zvichibatsira mukusasvibiswa, kwakamisikidzwa uye nekukurumidza kugadzirwa kwembesa dzemiriwo. , uye inopfupisa kutenderera kwembesa. MuSouth China, zvinotora anenge mazuva makumi matanhatu kurima mhiripiri nematomatisi madzinde (3-4 mashizha echokwadi) mumapurasitiki egreenhouses, uye anenge mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu embeu yemagaka (3-5 mashizha echokwadi). Pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira fekitori, zvinotora mazuva gumi nemanomwe chete kurima mbesa dzemadomasi uye mazuva makumi maviri neshanu yembeu dzemhiripiri pasi pemamiriro ephotoperiod ye20 h uye PPF ye200-300 μmol/(m2•s). Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa nzira yekurima mbesa mugreenhouse, kushandiswa kweiyo LED chirimwa fekitori yekurima mbeu nzira yakapfupisa kukura kwemagaka nemazuva 15-30, uye nhamba yemaruva echikadzi nemichero pachirimwa yakawedzera ne33.8% uye 37.3%. , zvichiteerana, uye goho repamusoro rakawedzera ne71.44%.

Panyaya yesimba rekushandisa simba, simba rekushandisa kwemafekitori ezvirimwa rakakwira kupfuura reVenlo-mhando greenhouses palatitude imwe chete. Semuenzaniso, mufekitori yemiti yeSweden, 1411 MJ inofanirwa kugadzira 1 kg yechinhu chakaoma che lettuce, nepo 1699 MJ ichidiwa mugreenhouse. Zvisinei, kana magetsi anodiwa pakirogiramu ye lettuce yakaoma akaverengwa, fekitari yemiti inoda 247 kW · h kuti ibudise 1 kg yakaoma uremu hwe lettuce, uye greenhouses muSweden, Netherlands, uye United Arab Emirates inoda 182 kW · h, 70 kW·h, uye 111 kW·h, zvichiteerana.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mufekitari yezvirimwa, kushandiswa kwemakomputa, otomatiki michina, hungwaru hwekugadzira uye humwe hunyanzvi hunogona kunyatso kudzora mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akakodzera kurimwa kwembesa, kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo, uye kuziva vakangwara, michina uye gore negore yakagadzikana kugadzirwa kwembesa. Mumakore achangopfuura, mbesa dzefekitari dzekudyara dzakashandiswa mukugadzirwa kwekutengesa kwemiriwo yemashizha, miriwo yemichero uye zvimwe zvirimwa zvehupfumi muJapan, South Korea, Europe uye United States nedzimwe nyika. Iko kukwirisa kwekutanga kudyara kwemafekitori ezvirimwa, mitengo yakakwira yekushandisa, uye mashandisiro esimba makuru ehurongwa achiri mabhodhoro anodzikamisa kusimudzira tekinoroji yekurima mbesa mumafekitori ezvirimwa zveChinese. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti titarise zvinodikanwa zvegoho repamusoro uye kuchengetedza simba maererano nehurongwa hwekutarisira mwenje, kumisikidzwa kwemamodhi ekukura kwemuriwo, uye otomatiki michina yekuvandudza mabhenefiti ehupfumi.

Muchinyorwa chino, pesvedzero yenzvimbo yemwenje ye LED pakukura uye kukura kwembesa dzemiriwo mumafekitori ezvirimwa mumakore achangopfuura inoongororwa, nemaonero etsvakiridzo yegwara remwenje wembeu dzemiriwo mumafekitori ezvirimwa.

1. Mhedzisiro yeChiedza Chimiro paKukura neKusimudzirwa kweMbeu dzemuriwo

Sechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvezvakatipoteredza zvekukura nekukura kwechirimwa, mwenje haungori sosi yesimba rezvirimwa kuita photosynthesis, asiwo chiratidzo chakakosha chinokanganisa chirimwa photomorphogenesis. Zvirimwa zvinonzwa kutungamira, simba uye chiedza chemhando yechiratidzo kuburikidza nechiedza chechiratidzo system, inogadzirisa kukura kwayo nekukura kwayo, uye inopindura kuvapo kana kusavapo, wavelength, kusimba uye nguva yechiedza. Parizvino inozivikanwa chirimwa photoreceptors inosanganisira anokwana makirasi matatu: phytochromes (PHYA~PHYE) iyo inonzwa tsvuku uye kure-tsvuku mwenje (FR), cryptochromes (CRY1 uye CRY2) iyo inonzwa yebhuruu uye ultraviolet A, uye Elements (Phot1 uye Phot2), iyo UV-B inogamuchira UVR8 inonzwa UV-B. Aya mafotoreceptors anotora chikamu uye anodzora kutaura kwemajini ane hukama uye obva agadzirisa zviitiko zvehupenyu zvakaita sembeu yechirimwa kumera, photomorphogenesis, nguva yekutumbuka, synthesis uye kuunganidza kwechipiri metabolites, uye kushivirira kune biotic uye abiotic kusagadzikana.

2. Kufurira kwe LED chiedza nharaunda pane photomorphological kugadzwa kwembesa yemiriwo

2.1 Mhedzisiro yeChiedza Chakasiyana Hunhu paFotomorphogenesis yeMbeu dzeMiriwo

Matunhu matsvuku nebhuruu emutsetse ane yakakwira quantum efficiency yechirimwa photosynthesis. Zvisinei, kuratidzwa kwenguva refu kwemagaka mashizha kune chiedza chitsvuku chakachena kunokuvadza photosystem, zvichiita kuti chiitiko che "red light syndrome" senge stunted stomatal response, kuderera kwephotosynthetic simba uye kushandisa nitrogen kushanda zvakanaka, uye kukura kwekukura. Pasi pemamiriro ekudzika kwechiedza (100±5 μmol/(m2•s)), mwenje dzvuku wakachena unogona kukuvadza ma chloroplast emashizha madiki uye akura egaka, asi ma chloroplast akakuvadzwa akadzoserwa mushure mekushandurwa kubva kumwenje tsvuku. kuchiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu (R:B= 7:3). Pane zvinopesana, apo cucumber inomera yakashandura kubva kune yakatsvuka-yebhuruu chiedza nharaunda kune yakachena yakachena tsvuku mwenje, iyo photosynthetic inoshanda haina kuderera zvakanyanya, ichiratidza kuchinjika kune yakatsvuka mwenje mamiriro. Kuburikidza neelectronic microscope kuongororwa kwechimiro cheshizha remagaka ane “red light syndrome”, vaongorori vakawana kuti huwandu hwemakloroplast, saizi yemagranules e starch, uye ukobvu hwegrana mumashizha pasi pechiedza dzvuku chainyanya kuderera pane izvo zviri pasi. white light treatment. Kupindira kwechiedza chebhuruu kunovandudza ultrastructure uye photosynthetic maitiro egaka chloroplasts uye inobvisa kuwandisa kwekuunganidza kwezvokudya. Kuenzaniswa nechiedza chena uye chiedza chitsvuku uye chebhuruu, chiedza chitsvuku chakachena chakakurudzira hypocotyl elongation uye cotyledon kuwedzera kwemadomasi mbesa, zvakanyanya kuwedzera kukura kwemiti uye nzvimbo yemashizha, asi zvakanyanya kuderera simba rephotosynthetic, yakaderedza Rubisco content uye photochemical performance, uye zvakanyanya kuwedzera kupisa kupisa. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti marudzi akasiyana ezvirimwa anopindura zvakasiyana kune imwechete chiedza chemhando, asi zvichienzaniswa nechiedza chemonochromatic, zvinomera zvine yakakwirira photosynthesis kunyatsoshanda uye kukura kwakasimba munzvimbo yechiedza chakavhenganiswa.

Vatsvagiri vakaita tsvakiridzo yakawanda pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwechiedza chemhando yekubatanidza madzinde emiriwo. Pasi pesimba rakafanana rechiedza, nekuwedzera kwechiyero chechiedza chitsvuku, kureba kwechirimwa uye uremu hutsva hwematomatisi uye cucumber mbesa zvakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, uye kurapwa nechiyero chetsvuku kusvika kune bhuruu ye3: 1 kwaiva nemigumisiro yakanakisisa; pane zvinopesana, chiyero chepamusoro chechiedza chebhuruu Yakadzivisa kukura kwematomatisi uye cucumber mbesa, iyo yaiva pfupi uye yakabatana, asi yakawedzera zvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvakaoma uye chlorophyll mumashizha emiti. Maitiro akafanana anoonekwa mune zvimwe zvirimwa, semhiripiri nemanwiwa. Uye zvakare, zvichienzaniswa nemwenje chena, tsvuku uye bhuruu mwenje (R: B = 3: 1) haina kungovandudza zvakanyanya kukora kweshizha, chlorophyll yemukati, photosynthetic kunyatsoshanda uye maelektronondi ekufambisa zvakanaka kwembeu dzematomatisi, asiwo mazinga ekutaura ema enzyme ane hukama. kune kutenderera kweCalvin, kukura kwemuriwo uye kuunganidzwa kwemakhahydrates kwakavandudzwawo zvakanyanya. Kuenzanisa zviyero zviviri zvechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu (R:B = 2:1, 4:1), chiyero chepamusoro chechiedza chebhuruu chaive chakanyanya kukurudzira kuumbwa kwemaruva echikadzi mumhodzi yemagaka uye nekukurumidza kutumbuka kwemaruva echikadzi. . Kunyangwe mareshiyo akasiyana emwenje matsvuku nebhuruu akange asina mhedzisiro yakakosha pauremu hutsva hwegoho rekare, arugula, uye mbesa yemasitadhi, chiyero chepamusoro chechiedza chebhuruu (30% mwenje weblue) zvakanyanya kuderedza hurefu hwe hypocotyl uye cotyledon nzvimbo yekare. nemhodzi dzemasitadhi, nepo cotyledon ruvara rwakadzika. Nokudaro, mukugadzirwa kwembesa, kuwedzera kwakakodzera kwechikamu chechiedza chebhuruu kunogona kupfupisa zvakanyanya nzvimbo ye node uye nzvimbo yemashizha yemadzinde emiriwo, kukurudzira kuwedzera kwembeu kwembeu, uye kunatsiridza simba rembeu, rinobatsira kurima mbesa dzakasimba. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti chiedza chechiedza chakaramba chisina kuchinjwa, kuwedzera kwechiedza chegirini muchiedza chitsvuku uye chebhuruu chakagadzirisa zvakanyanya huremu hutsva, nzvimbo yemashizha uye kureba kwemiti yemiti inotapira mbesa. Zvichienzaniswa nemwenje wekare chena wefluorescent, pasi pechiedza tsvuku-girinhi-bhuruu (R3:G2:B5) chiedza, Y[II], qP uye ETR ye'Okagi No. 1 tomato' madzinde akavandudzwa zvakanyanya. Kuwedzerwa kwechiedza cheUV (100 μmol/(m2 •s) mwenje webhuruu + 7% UV-A) kuchiedza chebhuruu chakanyanya kuderedza hunde hwekurebesa kumhanya kwearugula nemasitadhi, nepo kuwedzera kweFR kwaive kwakapesana. Izvi zvinoratidza zvakare kuti kunze kwechiedza chitsvuku uye chebhuruu, humwe hunhu hwechiedza hunoitawo basa rakakosha mukukura kwezvirimwa nekukura. Kunyangwe isiri ultraviolet mwenje kana FR ndiyo sosi yesimba rephotosynthesis, ese ari maviri anobatanidzwa muchirimwa photomorphogenesis. High-intensity UV chiedza chinokuvadza kudyara DNA uye mapuroteni, etc. Zvisinei, UV chiedza activate cellular stress mhinduro, zvichiita kuchinja chirimwa kukura, morphology uye kukura kuchinjira kuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti yakaderera R/FR inokonzera mhinduro dzekudzivirira mumvuri muzvirimwa, zvichikonzera kushanduka kwemaitiro muzvirimwa, senge stem elongation, kutetepa kwemashizha, uye kuderedzwa kwegoho rakaomarara. Dzinde rakatetepa harina kunaka kukura pakukura mbesa dzakasimba. Kune mhodzi dzemiriwo yemashizha nemichero, dzakasimba, dzakasimba uye dzakasimba mbesa hadzina kutarisana nezvinetso panguva yekufambisa nekudyara.

UV-A inogona kuita cucumber seeding zvirimwa zvipfupi uye zvakanyanya compact, uye goho mushure mekudyara harina kunyanya kusiyana nerekutonga; nepo UV-B ine yakanyanya kukosha inhibitory mhedzisiro, uye mhedzisiro yekudzikisa goho mushure mekudyara haina kukosha. Zvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakaratidza kuti UV-A inodzivirira kukura kwechirimwa uye inoita kuti zvirimwa zvidiki. Asi kune humbowo huri kukura hwekuti kuvepo kweUV-A, pachinzvimbo chekudzvinyirira goho biomass, kunosimudzira. Kuenzaniswa neiyo yakakosha tsvuku uye chena mwenje (R: W = 2: 3, PPFD iri 250 μmol/(m2 · s)), iyo yekuwedzera kusimba mutsvuku uye chena mwenje i10 W/m2 (inenge gumi μmol/(m2 · s)) Iyo UV-A yekare yakawedzera zvakanyanya biomass, kureba kweinternode, dhayamita yedzinde uye hupamhi hwechirimwa chembeu dzekare, asi kukwidziridzwa kwakadzikiswa apo kusimba kweUV kwakapfuura 10 W/m2. Daily 2 h UV-A supplementation (0.45 J/(m2•s)) inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kureba kwechirimwa, nzvimbo yecotyledon uye huremu hutsva hwe 'Oxheart' madzinde ematomatisi, uku ichideredza H2O2 zvirimo mumadzinde ematomatisi. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvinopindura zvakasiyana kune mwenje weUV, izvo zvingave zvine chekuita nekunzwa kwembesa kune UV mwenje.

Pakurima mbesa dzakabatanidzwa, kureba kwedzinde kunofanirwa kuwedzerwa zvakafanira kuitira kuti midzi yemidzi ienderere mberi. Kusimba kwakasiyana kweFR kwaive nemhedzisiro yakasiyana pakukura kwematomatisi, mhiripiri, magaka, gourd nemavise madzinde. Kuwedzera 18.9 μmol/(m2•s) yeFR muchiedza chichena chinotonhora chakawedzera hurefu hwe hypocotyl uye dhayamita yedzinde remadomasi nemhiripiri; FR ye34.1 μmol/(m2•s) yakaita zvakanakisa kusimudzira kureba kwe hypocotyl uye dhayamita yedzinde remagaka, magaka nemanwiwa; high-intensity FR (53.4 μmol/(m2 •s)) yakave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pamiriwo mishanu iyi. Iyo hypocotyl kureba uye dhayamita yedzinde yembeu haina kuzowedzera zvakanyanya, uye yakatanga kuratidza kuderera. Huremu hutsva hwemhodzi dzemhiripiri hwakadzikira zvakanyanya, zvichiratidza kuti FR saturation values ​​yemhodzi yemiriwo mishanu yese yaive yakaderera pane 53.4 μmol/(m2•s), uye kukosha kweFR kwakaderera zvakanyanya pane kuya kweFR. Migumisiro yekukura kwemiti yakasiyana-siyana yemiriwo yakasiyanawo.

2.2 Mhedzisiro Yakasiyana Daylight Integral pa Photomorphogenesis ye Vegetable Seeds

The Daylight Integral (DLI) inomiririra huwandu hwephotosynthetic photons inogamuchirwa nechirimwa pamusoro pezuva, iyo ine hukama nechiedza chechiedza uye nguva yechiedza. Iyo yekuverenga formula ndeye DLI (mol/m2/zuva) = chiedza chakanyanya [μmol/(m2•s)] × Daily light time (h) × 3600 × 10-6. Munzvimbo ine mwenje wakadzika, zvidyarwa zvinopindura kune yakaderera mwenje nharaunda nekurebesa dzinde uye internode kureba, kuwedzera chirimwa kureba, petiole kureba uye shizha nzvimbo, uye kuderera kweshizha ukobvu uye net photosynthetic mwero. Nekuwedzera kwekusimba kwechiedza, kunze kwemasitadhi, kureba kwehypocotyl uye stem elongation yearugula, kabichi uye mbesa dzekare pasi pemhando imwechete yechiedza yakaderera zvakanyanya. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mhedzisiro yechiedza pakukura kwechirimwa uye morphogenesis inoenderana nekusimba kwechiedza uye mhando dzezvirimwa. Nekuwedzera kweDLI (8.64 ~ 28.8 mol / m2 / zuva), rudzi rwemiti yemagaka mbesa yakava pfupi, yakasimba uye yakabatana, uye mashizha chaiwo uye chlorophyll content yakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma. 6 ~ 16 mazuva mushure mekudyarwa kwemagaka mbesa, mashizha nemidzi zvakaoma. Kuremera kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kuwedzera kwekukura zvishoma nezvishoma, asi mazuva gumi nematanhatu kusvika ku21 mushure mekudyara, kukura kwemashizha nemidzi ye cucumber mbeu yakaderera zvikuru. Yakakwidziridzwa DLI yakasimudzira mambure photosynthetic mwero wemichero yemagaka, asi mushure mehumwe kukosha, net photosynthetic rate yakatanga kudzikira. Naizvozvo, kusarudza DLI yakakodzera uye kutora nzira dzakasiyana dzemwenje dzekuwedzera pamatanho akasiyana ekukura kwembeu zvinogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemagetsi. Izvo zviri mukati meshuga yakanyungudika uye enzyme yeSOD mumagaka nemadomasi mbeu yakawedzera nekuwedzera kweDLI yakasimba. Apo kusimba kweDLI kwakawedzera kubva pa7.47 mol/m2/zuva kusvika 11.26 mol/m2/zuva, zviri mushuga inonyunguduka uye SOD enzyme mumichero yemagaka yakawedzera ne81.03%, uye 55.5% zvichiteerana. Pasi pemamiriro akafanana eDLI, nekuwedzera kwekusimba kwechiedza uye kupfupikiswa kwenguva yechiedza, basa rePSII rematomatisi necucumber mbesa rakadzivirirwa, uye kusarudza imwe nzira yekuwedzera yechiedza chekudzika kwechiedza uye nguva yakareba yaibatsira kurima mbesa yakakwirira. index uye photochemical kunyatsoshanda kwecucumber uye tomato mbesa.

Mukugadzirwa kwembesa dzakabatanidzwa, nzvimbo yakaderera yechiedza inogona kutungamirira kuderera kwehutano hwembesa dzakabatanidzwa uye kuwedzera munguva yekuporesa. Kusimba kwechiedza kwakakodzera hakungogone kusimbisa kugona kwekusungirirwa kwenzvimbo yekuporesa uye kuvandudza index yembeu yakasimba, asiwo kuderedza node nzvimbo yemaruva echikadzi uye kuwedzera nhamba yemaruva echikadzi. Mumafekitari ezvirimwa, DLI ye2.5-7.5 mol/m2/zuva yakanga yakakwana kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuporesa zvemadomasi akabatanidzwa madzinde. Kubatana uye kukora kweshizha kwembesa dzematomatisi dzakabatanidzwa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kweDLI. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mbesa dzakabatanidzwa hadzidi chiedza chepamusoro kuti apore. Naizvozvo, uchifunga nezve mashandisiro emagetsi uye nharaunda yekudyara, kusarudza yakakodzera mwenje kusimba kuchabatsira kuvandudza hupfumi.

3. Mhedzisiro ye LED chiedza nharaunda pane kusagadzikana kusagadzikana kwembesa yemiriwo

Zvirimwa zvinogashira masaini ekunze emwenje kuburikidza nemafotoreceptors, zvichikonzera synthesis uye kuunganidzwa kwechiratidzo mamorekuru muchirimwa, nekudaro kuchinja kukura uye kushanda kwenhengo dzechirimwa, uye pakupedzisira kugadzirisa chirimwa kuramba kushushikana. Hunhu hwemwenje hwakasiyana hune kumwe kukwidziridzwa kwekuvandudza kushivirira kwechando uye kushivirira kwemunyu kwembeu. Semuenzaniso, apo mbesa dzemadomasi dzakawedzerwa nechiedza kwemaawa mana usiku, zvichienzaniswa nekurapa pasina chiedza chekuwedzera, chiedza chichena, chiedza chitsvuku, chiedza chebhuruu, uye chiedza chitsvuku uye chebhuruu chinogona kuderedza electrolyte permeability uye MDA yezvinyorwa zvemadomasi. uye kuvandudza kushivirira kwechando. Mabasa eSOD, POD uye CAT mumichero yemadomasi pasi pekurapwa kwe8: 2 red-blue ratio yaive yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura yemamwe marapirwo, uye vaive nepamusoro antioxidant kugona uye kutonhora kushivirira.

Mhedzisiro yeUV-B pakukura kwesoya midzi inonyanya kuvandudza kushushikana kwechirimwa nekuwedzera zvirimo mumudzi NO neROS, kusanganisira mamorekuru anosaina mahormone akadai seABA, SA, uye JA, uye inhibisa midzi kukura nekudzikisa zvirimo muIAA. , CTK, uye GA. Iyo photoreceptor yeUV-B, UVR8, haingobatanidzi mukugadzirisa photomorphogenesis, asi inoitawo basa rakakosha mukushushikana kweUV-B. Mumhodzi dzematomatisi, UVR8 inoyananisa kuumbwa uye kuunganidzwa kweanthocyanins, uye mhodzi dzemadomasi dzemusango dzakajairwa neUV dzinovandudza kugona kwayo kubata nekunyanya kusimba kweUV-B. Nekudaro, kuchinjirwa kweUV-B kune kusanaya kwemvura kunokonzerwa neArabidopsis hakubvi panzira yeUVR8, iyo inoratidza kuti UV-B inoita sechiratidzo-inokonzerwa nemuchinjiko-mhinduro yenzira dzekudzivirira chirimwa, kuitira kuti mahomoni akasiyana siyana abatane. inobatanidzwa mukudzivisa kusanaya kwemvura, kuwedzera ROS scavening kukwanisa.

Zvese zviri zviviri kureba kwechirimwa hypocotyl kana dzinde rinokonzerwa neFR uye kuchinjika kwezvirimwa kune kutonhora kushushikana kunodzorwa nemahomoni ezvirimwa. Naizvozvo, iyo "mumvuri kudzivirira maitiro" inokonzerwa neFR inoenderana nekutonhora kuchinjika kwezvirimwa. Vakaedza vakawedzera mbesa dzebhari mazuva gumi nemasere mushure mekumera pa15 ° C kwemazuva gumi, ichitonhora kusvika ku5 ° C + ichiwedzera FR kwemazuva manomwe, uye vakaona kuti kana ichienzaniswa nemwenje chena kurapwa, FR yakawedzera kusimba kwechando kwembeu dzebhari. Kuita uku kunoperekedzwa neKuwedzera kweABA neIAA zviri mumhodzi dzebhari. Kuzoendeswa kwe15 ° C FR-pretreated bhari mbesa kusvika ku5 ° C uye kuenderera mberi kweFR kuwedzera kwemazuva 7 kwakaguma nemigumisiro yakafanana kune mishonga miviri iri pamusoro, asi nekuderedzwa kweABA mhinduro. Zvirimwa zvine akasiyana R: FR maitiro anodzora biosynthesis ye phytohormones (GA, IAA, CTK, uye ABA), iyo inobatanidzwawo mukushivirira kwemunyu wezvirimwa. Pasi pekunetseka kwemunyu, iyo yakaderera chiyero R: FR chiedza nharaunda inogona kuvandudza antioxidant uye photosynthetic simba remadomasi mbesa, kuderedza kugadzirwa kweROS uye MDA mumichero, nekuvandudza kushivirira kwemunyu. Zvese zviri zviviri salinity kusagadzikana uye yakaderera R: FR kukosha (R:FR = 0.8) inhibited biosynthesis ye chlorophyll, iyo inogona kunge ine hukama neyakavharika kutendeuka kwePBG kuenda kuUroIII munzira yechlorophyll synthesis, nepo yakaderera R: FR nharaunda inogona kunyatso kudzikisa. iyo salinity Stress-induced kukanganisa kwechlorophyll synthesis. Izvi zvinoratidza kuwirirana kwakakosha pakati pe phytochromes uye kushivirira kwemunyu.

Mukuwedzera kune nharaunda yechiedza, zvimwe zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinokanganisawo kukura uye kunaka kwembesa yemiriwo. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kweiyo CO2 yekumisikidza kuchawedzera iyo mwenje saturation yakanyanya kukosha Pn (Pnmax), kuderedza mwenje muripo wenzvimbo, uye kunatsiridza mashandisiro emwenje. Kuwedzera kwekusimba kwechiedza uye CO2 kusungirirwa kunobatsira kuvandudza zviri mukati me photosynthetic pigment, kushandisa mvura zvakanaka uye mabasa ema enzymes ane hukama neCalvin cycle, uye pakupedzisira kuwana yakakwirira photosynthetic kunyatsoshanda uye biomass kuunganidzwa kwemadomasi mbesa. Huremu hwakaoma uye kuumbika kwemadomasi nembeu dzemhiripiri zvakabatana neDLI, uye kushanduka kwekushisa kwakakanganisawo kukura pasi pekurapwa kwakafanana kweDLI. Mamiriro e23 ~ 25 ℃ aive akakodzera kukura kwembesa dzematomatisi. Zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekushisa uye akareruka, vaongorori vakagadzira nzira yekufanotaura chiyero chekukura kwepepire zvichienderana nemhando yekugovera bate, iyo inogona kupa nhungamiro yesainzi yekudzora kwezvakatipoteredza kwekugadzirwa kwembesa yepepper.

Naizvozvo, kana uchigadzira chirongwa chemwenje chemwenje mukugadzira, kwete chete chiedza chemamiriro ekunze uye mhando dzezvirimwa zvinofanirwa kutariswa, asiwo kurima uye manejimendi zvinhu zvakaita sekudyara kwembesa uye kutonga kwemvura, gasi nharaunda, tembiricha, uye nhanho yekukura kwembesa.

4. Matambudziko uye Outlook

Kutanga, mutemo wechiedza chemichero yemiriwo inzira yakaoma, uye migumisiro yemamiriro akasiyana-siyana echiedza pamhando dzakasiyana dzembesa dzemiriwo munzvimbo yefekitari yemiti inoda kuongororwa zvakadzama. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuzadzisa chinangwa chepamusoro-soro uye yemhando yepamusoro kugadzirwa kwembesa, kuenderera mberi kwekuongorora kunodiwa kumisa yakakura tekinoroji system.

Chechipiri, kunyangwe chiyero chekushandiswa kwesimba rechiedza che LED chakakwira, mashandisirwo emagetsi ekuvhenekesa chirimwa ndiwo mashandisirwo makuru esimba mukurima kwembesa uchishandisa chiedza chekugadzira. Kushandiswa kwesimba kukuru kwemafekitari ezvirimwa kuchiri chipingamupinyi chiri kumisa kugadzirwa kwemafekitari ezvirimwa.

Pakupedzisira, nekushandiswa kwakakura kwechiedza chezvirimwa mune zvekurima, mari yezviedza zve LED inotarisirwa kuderedzwa zvikuru mune ramangwana; pane zvinopesana, kuwedzera kwemari yevashandi, kunyanya munguva ye-post-denda, kushayikwa kwebasa kunosungirwa kukurudzira nzira yekugadzira uye automation yekugadzira. Mune ramangwana, artificial intelligence-based control modhi uye akangwara ekugadzira michina ichave imwe yeakakosha matekinoroji ekugadzirwa kwembesa dzemiriwo, uye icharamba ichisimudzira kusimudzira tekinoroji yekudyara fekitori.

Vanyori: Jiehui Tan, Houcheng Liu
Chinyorwa chinyorwa: Wechat account yeAgricultural Engineering Technology (greenhouse horticulture)