Pfupiso: Mbeu dzemuriwo ndiyo nhanho yekutanga mukugadzirwa kwemuriwo, uye mhando yembeu dzakakosha zvikuru pakukohwa uye kunaka kwemuriwo mushure mekudyara. Nekugadziriswa kuri kuitwa kwemabasa muindasitiri yemuriwo, mbeu dzemuriwo dzakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzira chain yeindasitiri yakazvimirira uye kugadzira miriwo. Dzichikanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze akaipa, nzira dzechinyakare dzekudyara mbeu dzinosangana nematambudziko akawanda akadai sekukura zvishoma nezvishoma kwembeu, kukura zvishoma, uye zvipembenene nezvirwere. Kuti vagadzirise mbeu dzine makumbo marefu, varimi vazhinji vemabhizimisi vanoshandisa zvinodzora kukura. Zvisinei, kune njodzi dzekuomarara kwembeu, kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza nekushandisa zvinodzora kukura. Kuwedzera kune nzira dzekudzivirira makemikari, kunyangwe kukurudzira kwemuchina, kudzora tembiricha uye mvura zvinogonawo kuita basa mukudzivirira kukura zvishoma, hazvina kunyatsoshanda uye hazvishande zvakanyanya. Pasi pedambudziko reCovid-19 itsva yepasi rose, matambudziko ekugadzirisa kugadzirwa anokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwevashandi uye kukwira kwemitengo yevashandi muindasitiri yekudyara mbeu ave pachena zvakanyanya.

Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yemwenje, kushandiswa kwechiedza chekugadzira pakurera mbeu dzemuriwo kune zvakanakira kushanda zvakanaka kwembeu, zvipembenene nezvirwere zvishoma, uye nyore kugadzika. Zvichienzaniswa nechiedza chekare, chizvarwa chitsva chechiedza che LED chine hunhu hwekuchengetedza simba, kushanda zvakanaka, kurarama kwenguva refu, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kugara kwenguva refu, saizi diki, mwaranzi yakaderera yekupisa, uye hupamhi hudiki hwewavelength. Inogona kugadzira spectrum yakakodzera zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nekukura kwembeu munzvimbo yemafekitori emiti, uye kudzora nemazvo maitiro emuviri uye metabolic embeu, panguva imwe chete, ichibatsira mukugadzirwa kwembeu dzemuriwo pasina kusvibiswa, kwakajairika uye nekukurumidza, uye inopfupisa kutenderera kwembeu. KuSouth China, zvinotora mazuva angangoita makumi matanhatu kurima mhiripiri nematomatisi (mashizha echokwadi 3-4) mumagreenhouse epurasitiki, uye mazuva angangoita makumi matatu nemashanu embeu dzemacucumber (mashizha echokwadi 3-5). Pasi pemamiriro efekitori yemiti, zvinotora mazuva gumi nemanomwe chete kurima mhiripiri nemazuva makumi maviri nemashanu embeu dzemhiripiri pasi pemamiriro ephotoperiod yemaawa makumi maviri uye PPF ye200-300 μmol/(m2•s). Zvichienzaniswa nenzira yekurima mbeu dzechinyakare mugreenhouse, kushandiswa kwenzira yekurima mbeu dzefekitori ye LED kwakapfupisa zvakanyanya kukura kwemacucumber nemazuva gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu, uye huwandu hwemaruva echikadzi nemichero pachirimwa chimwe nechimwe hwakawedzera ne33.8% ne37.3%, zvichiteerana, uye goho repamusoro rakawedzerwa ne71.44%.

Panyaya yekushandiswa zvakanaka kwesimba, kushandiswa zvakanaka kwesimba remafekitori emiti kwakakwira kupfuura kweVenlo-type greenhouses dziri pa latitude imwe chete. Semuenzaniso, mufekitori yeSweden plant, 1411 MJ inodiwa kugadzira 1 kg ye dry matter ye lettuce, nepo 1699 MJ inodiwa mugreenhouse. Zvisinei, kana magetsi anodiwa pa kilogram ye dry matter ye lettuce akaverengerwa, fekitori yeplant inoda 247 kW·h kuti igadzire 1 kg ye dry huremu ye lettuce, uye magreenhouse muSweden, Netherlands, neUnited Arab Emirates anoda 182 kW·h, 70 kW·h, uye 111 kW·h, zvichiteerana.

Panguva imwe chete, mufekitori yezvirimwa, kushandiswa kwemakomputa, michina otomatiki, njere dzekugadzira uye mamwe matekinoroji zvinogona kudzora mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akakodzera kurimwa kwembeu, kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, uye kuita kuti kugadzirwa kwembeu kuve kwakangwara, kwakagadziriswa nemashini uye kwegore negore. Mumakore achangopfuura, mbeu dzezvirimwa dzave dzichishandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemiriwo yemashizha, miriwo yemichero nezvimwe zvirimwa zvehupfumi muJapan, South Korea, Europe neUnited States nedzimwe nyika. Kudyara kwakawanda kwekutanga kwemafekitori ezvirimwa, mari yakawanda yekushanda, uye kushandiswa kwesimba guru rehurongwa zvichiri zvipingamupinyi zvinodzikamisa kusimudzirwa kwetekinoroji yekurima mbeu mumafekitori ezvirimwa eChina. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kufunga nezvezvinodiwa zvekukohwa zvakanyanya uye kuchengetedza simba maererano nemazano ekutarisira chiedza, kugadzwa kwemamodheru ekukura kwemiriwo, uye michina yekuzvishandira kuti zvivandudze mabhenefiti ehupfumi.

Muchinyorwa chino, simba remwenje we LED pakukura nekukura kwembeu dzemiriwo mumafekitori ezvirimwa mumakore achangopfuura rinoongororwa, pamwe nemaonero egwara rekutsvagisa rekudzora chiedza chembeu dzemiriwo mumafekitori ezvirimwa.

1. Mhedzisiro yeNzvimbo Yakareruka paKukura neKukura kweMbeu dzeMuriwo

Sechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakukura nekukura kwemiti, chiedza hachisi simba chete kuti miti iite photosynthesis, asiwo chiratidzo chikuru chinokanganisa kushanduka kwechiedza mumiti. Miti inonzwa kutungamira, simba uye kunaka kwechiedza kuburikidza nehurongwa hwechiratidzo chechiedza, inodzora kukura kwayo, uye inopindura kuvapo kana kusavapo, kureba kwehurefu, simba uye nguva yechiedza. Pari zvino maphotoreceptor emiti anozivikanwa anosanganisira mapoka matatu: phytochromes (PHYA~PHYE) inonzwa chiedza chitsvuku nechiedza chitsvuku (FR), cryptochromes (CRY1 naCRY2) inonzwa bhuruu ne ultraviolet A, uye Elements (Phot1 naPhot2), UV-B receptor UVR8 inonzwa UV-B. Aya maphotoreceptor anobatanidzwa uye anotonga kuratidzwa kwemajini ane hukama uye anotonga zviitiko zvehupenyu zvakaita sekumera kwembeu yemiti, photomorphogenesis, nguva yekutumbuka, synthesis uye kuunganidzwa kwemetabolites yechipiri, uye kushivirira kushushikana kwebiotic neabiotic.

2. Kupesvedzera kwechiedza che LED pakuumbwa kwemiti yemuriwo ne photomorphological

2.1 Mhedzisiro yeHunhu Hwechiedza Hwakasiyana Pakuumbwa Kwemiti Yezvirimwa

Nzvimbo dzvuku nebhuruu dze spectrum dzine simba guru rekugadzira photosynthesis yemashizha emiti. Zvisinei, kuratidzwa kwemashizha ecucumber kwenguva refu kuchiedza chitsvuku kuchakuvadza photosystem, zvichikonzera chiitiko che "red light syndrome" senge stumbined stomatal response, kudzikira kwe photosynthesis uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe nitrogen, uye kunonoka kukura. Pasi pemamiriro echiedza chakaderera (100±5 μmol/(m2•s)), chiedza chitsvuku chinogona kukuvadza chloroplasts yemashizha ecucumber madiki neekukura, asi chloroplasts dzakakuvara dzakadzorerwa mushure mekunge dzachinjwa kubva kuchiedza chitsvuku kuenda kuchiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu (R:B= 7:3). Kusiyana neizvi, apo miti yecucumber yakachinja kubva kunzvimbo yechiedza chitsvuku-bhuruu kuenda kunzvimbo yechiedza chitsvuku, kushanda zvakanaka kwe photosynthesis hakuna kudzikira zvakanyanya, zvichiratidza kuchinjika kunzvimbo yechiedza chitsvuku. Kuburikidza nekuongorora kwemaelektroni maikorosikopu emashizha embeu dzemacucumber dzine "red light syndrome", vaongorori vakaona kuti huwandu hwema chloroplast, saizi yema granules estarch, uye ukobvu hwegrana mumashizha ari pasi pechiedza chitsvuku chakachena zvaive zvakaderera zvakanyanya pane zviri pasi pechiedza chichena. Kupindira kwechiedza chebhuruu kunovandudza chimiro chakanyanya uye hunhu hwe photosynthesis hwemacucumber chloroplasts uye kunobvisa kuunganidzwa kwakanyanya kwezvinovaka muviri. Zvichienzaniswa nechiedza chichena nechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu, chiedza chitsvuku chakachena chakasimudzira hypocotyl elongation uye cotyledon kukura kwembeu dzematomatisi, kwakawedzera zvakanyanya kureba kwemiti nenzvimbo yemashizha, asi kwakadzikisa zvakanyanya kugona kwe photosynthesis, kwakadzikisa Rubisco muhuwandu uye kushanda kwe photochemical, uye kwakawedzera zvakanyanya kupisa. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mhando dzakasiyana dzemiti dzinopindura zvakasiyana kune mhando imwechete yechiedza, asi zvichienzaniswa nechiedza che monochromatic, zvirimwa zvine photosynthesis yakakwira uye kukura kwakasimba munzvimbo yechiedza chakasanganiswa.

Vaongorori vakaita tsvakiridzo yakawanda pamusoro pekugadzirisa kusanganiswa kwemhando yechiedza chembeu dzemuriwo. Pasi pesimba rechiedza chakafanana, nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwechiedza chitsvuku, kureba kwemuti nehuremu hutsva hwembeu dzematomatisi nemakucucumber zvakavandudzwa zvakanyanya, uye kurapwa nechiyero chetsvuku nebhuruu che3:1 kwakava nemigumisiro yakanaka; pane zvinopesana, chiyero chepamusoro chechiedza chebhuruu. Zvakadzivisa kukura kwembeu dzematomatisi nemakucucumber, dzaive pfupi uye dzakatetepa, asi zvakawedzera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaoma uye chlorophyll mumiti yembeu. Maitiro akafanana anoonekwa mune zvimwe zvirimwa, zvakaita semhiripiri nemanwiwa. Pamusoro pezvo, zvichienzaniswa nechiedza chichena, chiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu (R:B=3:1) hazvina kungovandudza ukobvu hwemashizha, huwandu hwechlorophyll, kushanda kwephotosynthetic uye kushanda kweelectron transfer kwembeu dzematomatisi, asiwo huwandu hwema enzymes ane chekuita neCalvin cycle, kukura kwemuriwo wemuriwo uye kuunganidzwa kwemakabohidrati zvakavandudzwawo zvakanyanya. Kuenzanisa zviyero zviviri zvechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu (R:B=2:1, 4:1), chiyero chepamusoro chechiedza chebhuruu chaive chakanakira zvikuru kukonzeresa kuumbwa kwemaruva echikadzi mumbeu dzemacucumber uye kwakakurumidzisa nguva yekutumbuka kwemaruva echikadzi. Kunyangwe zviyero zvakasiyana zvechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu zvisina kukanganisa zvakanyanya kubereka kwembeu dzekare, arugula, nemasitadhi, chiyero chepamusoro chechiedza chebhuruu (30% chiedza chebhuruu) chakaderedza zvakanyanya kureba kwehypocotyl nenzvimbo yecotyledon yembeu dzekare nemasitadhi, nepo ruvara rwecotyledon rwakadzika. Naizvozvo, mukugadzirwa kwembeu, kuwedzera kwakakodzera kwechikamu chechiedza chebhuruu kunogona kupfupisa zvakanyanya nzvimbo yemafundo nenzvimbo yemashizha embeu dzemuriwo, kukurudzira kuwedzera kwembeu, uye kuvandudza index yesimba rembeu, izvo zvinobatsira kurima mbeu dzakasimba. Pasi pemamiriro ekuti simba rechiedza rakaramba risina kuchinja, kuwedzera kwechiedza chegirini muchiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu kwakavandudza zvakanyanya huremu hutsva, nzvimbo yemashizha uye kureba kwemiti yembeu dzemhiripiri inotapira. Zvichienzaniswa nerambi remazuva ano rechiedza chena chefluorescent, pasi pechiedza chetsvuku-girini-bhuruu (R3:G2:B5), Y[II], qP neETR yembeu dzematomatisi dze'Okagi Nhamba 1' zvakavandudzwa zvakanyanya. Kuwedzera chiedza cheUV (100 μmol/(m2•s) chiedza chebhuruu + 7% UV-A) kune chiedza chebhuruu chakachena kwakaderedza zvakanyanya kumhanya kwekureba kwetsinde rearugula nemasitadhi, nepo kuwedzerwa kweFR kwaive kwakasiyana. Izvi zvinoratidzawo kuti pamusoro pechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu, humwe hunhu hwechiedza hunoitawo basa rakakosha mukukura nekukura kwezvirimwa. Kunyangwe chiedza cheultraviolet kana FR isiri sosi yesimba rephotosynthesis, zvese izvi zvine chekuita nephotomorphogenesis yezvirimwa. Chiedza cheUV chakasimba chinokuvadza DNA yezvirimwa nemapuroteni, nezvimwewo. Zvisinei, chiedza cheUV chinomutsa mhinduro dzekushushikana kwemasero, zvichikonzera shanduko mukukura kwezvirimwa, chimiro uye kukura kuti zvienderane nekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza. Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti R/FR yakaderera inokonzera mhinduro dzekudzivirira mumvuri mumiti, zvichikonzera shanduko dzechimiro chemiti, zvakaita sekureba kwehunde, kutetepa kwemashizha, uye kudzikira kwegoho revhu rakaoma. Hunde yakatetepa haisi hunhu hwakanaka hwekukura kwembeu dzakasimba. Kune mbeu dzemiriwo dzine mashizha nemichero, mbeu dzakasimba, dzakatetepa uye dzakapfava hadziwanzova nematambudziko panguva yekutakura nekudyara.

UV-A inogona kuita kuti zvirimwa zvemacucumber zvive zvipfupi uye zvidiki, uye goho mushure mekusimwa harina kusiyana zvakanyanya nerekudzora; nepo UV-B iine simba guru rekudzivirira goho, uye simba rekuderedza goho mushure mekusimwa harina kukosha. Zvidzidzo zvekare zvakaratidza kuti UV-A inodzivirira kukura kwezvirimwa uye inoita kuti zvirimwa zvive zvidiki. Asi pane humbowo huri kukura hwekuti kuvapo kweUV-A, pachinzvimbo chekudzikisa biomass yezvirimwa, kunotokurudzira. Zvichienzaniswa nechiedza chepakutanga chitsvuku nechichena (R:W=2:3, PPFD i250 μmol/(m2·s)), simba rekuwedzera muchiedza chitsvuku nechichena i10 W/m2 (inenge 10 μmol/(m2·s)) UV-A yekare yakawedzera zvakanyanya biomass, urefu hwe internode, dhayamita yehunde uye upamhi hwedenga rembeu dzekare, asi simba rekusimudzira rakadzikira apo simba reUV rakapfuura 10 W/m2. Kuwedzerwa kweUV-A kwemaawa maviri pazuva (0.45 J/(m2•s)) kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kureba kwemuti, nzvimbo yecotyledon uye huremu hutsva hwembeu dzematomatisi dze'Oxheart', ukuwo kuchideredza huwandu hweH2O2 hwembeu dzematomatisi. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvinopindura zvakasiyana kuchiedza cheUV, izvo zvingave zvine chekuita nekunzwa kwezvirimwa kuchiedza cheUV.

Pakurima mbesa dzakaiswa mumiti, kureba kwehunde kunofanira kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera kuti zvive nyore kuisa midzi. Kukura kwakasiyana kweFR kwaive nemigumisiro yakasiyana pakukura kwembesa dzematomatisi, mhiripiri, cucumber, gourd uye watermelon. Kuwedzera 18.9 μmol/(m2•s) yeFR muchiedza chakachena chakadzika zvakanyanya kureba kwehypocotyl nedhayamita yehunde yembesa dzematomatisi nemhiripiri; FR ye34.1 μmol/(m2•s) yaive nemigumisiro yakanakisisa pakusimudzira kureba kwehypocotyl nedhayamita yehunde yembesa dzecucumber, gourd uye watermelon; high-intensity FR (53.4 μmol/(m2•s)) yaive nemigumisiro yakanakisisa pamiriwo mishanu iyi. Kureba kwehypocotyl nedhayamita yehunde yembesa hazvina kuwedzera zvakanyanya, uye zvakatanga kuratidza kudzikira. Huremu hutsva hwembesa dzemhiripiri hwakaderera zvakanyanya, zvichiratidza kuti huwandu hweFR hwekuzara kwembesa dzemiriwo mishanu hwakanga hwakaderera pane 53.4 μmol/(m2•s), uye kukosha kweFR kwaive kwakaderera zvakanyanya pane kweFR. Mhedzisiro pakukura kwembeu dzakasiyana dzemuriwo yakasiyanawo.

2.2 Mhedzisiro yeKubatanidzwa Kwemasikati Akasiyana paPhotomorphogenesis yeMbeu dzeMuriwo

Daylight Integral (DLI) inomiririra huwandu hwese hwemaphoton ephotosynthetic anogamuchirwa nepamusoro pemiti pazuva, izvo zvine chekuita nekusimba kwechiedza nenguva yechiedza. Fomura yekuverenga ndeye DLI (mol/m2/zuva) = simba rechiedza [μmol/(m2•s)] × Nguva yechiedza chezuva nezuva (h) × 3600 × 10-6. Munzvimbo ine simba rechiedza diki, zvirimwa zvinopindura kunzvimbo ine chiedza chidiki nekurebesa hunde ne internode, kuwedzera kureba kwemiti, kureba kwepetiole nenzvimbo yemashizha, uye kuderedza ukobvu hwemashizha uye net photosynthetic rate. Nekuwedzera kwekusimba kwechiedza, kunze kwemustard, kureba kwehypocotyl nekurebesa kwemidzi yearugula, kabichi nekare pasi pemhando imwechete yechiedza kwakadzikira zvakanyanya. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mhedzisiro yechiedza pakukura kwemiti uye morphogenesis ine chekuita nekusimba kwechiedza nemarudzi emiti. Nekuwedzera kweDLI (8.64~28.8 mol/m2/zuva), mhando yembeu dzemacucumber dzakava pfupi, dzakasimba uye dzakaoma, uye huremu hwemashizha chaiwo uye huwandu hwechlorophyll hwakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Mazuva 6 ~ 16 mushure mekudyara mbeu dzemacucumber, mashizha nemidzi zvakaoma. Huremu hwacho hwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye huwandu hwekukura hwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi mazuva 16 kusvika 21 mushure mekudyara, huwandu hwekukura kwemashizha nemidzi yembeu dzemacucumber hwakaderera zvakanyanya. Kuwedzerwa kweDLI kwakasimudzira huwandu hwekugadzira macucumber, asi mushure mekukosha kwakati, huwandu hwekugadzira macucumber hwakatanga kudzikira. Nokudaro, kusarudza DLI yakakodzera uye kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuwedzera chiedza pamatanho akasiyana ekukura kwembeu kunogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba. Huremu hweshuga inonyunguduka uye enzyme yeSOD mumbeu dzemacucumber nematomatisi hwakawedzera nekuwedzera kwesimba reDLI. Kana simba reDLI rakawedzera kubva pa7.47 mol/m2/zuva kusvika pa11.26 mol/m2/zuva, huwandu hweshuga inonyunguduka uye enzyme yeSOD mumbeu dzemacucumber hwakawedzera ne81.03%, uye 55.5% zvichiteerana. Pasi pemamiriro akafanana eDLI, nekuwedzera kwesimba rechiedza uye kupfupika kwenguva yechiedza, kushanda kwePSII kwembeu dzemadomasi nemacucumber kwakadziviswa, uye kusarudza nzira yekuwedzera yechiedza ine simba shoma uye yakareba kwaive kwakanyanya kubatsira pakurima mbeu dzemacucumber nemadomasi dzine index yakakwira uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe photochemical.

Mukugadzirwa kwembeu dzakaiswa mumiti, nzvimbo isina chiedza chakawanda inogona kukonzera kudzikira kwemhando yembeu dzakaiswa mumiti uye kuwedzera kwenguva yekupora. Kupenya kwakakodzera kwechiedza hakungogone chete kuwedzera kugona kwenzvimbo yekupodza yakaiswa mumiti uye kuvandudza index yembeu dzakasimba, asiwo kuderedza nzvimbo yemapfundo emaruva echikadzi uye kuwedzera huwandu hwemaruva echikadzi. Mumafekitori ezvirimwa, DLI ye2.5-7.5 mol/m2/zuva yakakwana kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekurapa zvembeu dzakaiswa mumiti dzematomatisi. Kuomarara uye ukobvu hwemashizha embeu dzematomatisi dzakaiswa mumiti zvakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kweDLI. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mbeu dzakaiswa mumiti hadzidi chiedza chakawanda kuti dzipore. Nokudaro, tichifunga nezvekushandiswa kwesimba uye nzvimbo yekudyara, kusarudza chiedza chakakodzera kuchabatsira kuvandudza mabhenefiti ehupfumi.

3. Mhedzisiro yemwenje we LED pakudzivirira kushushikana kwembeu dzemuriwo

Zvirimwa zvinogamuchira zviratidzo zvechiedza chekunze kuburikidza nemaphotoreceptors, zvichikonzera kugadzirwa nekuunganidzwa kwemamorekuru ezviratidzo mumuti, nokudaro zvichichinja kukura nekushanda kwenhengo dzemiti, uye pakupedzisira zvichivandudza kuramba kwemuti kushushikana. Hunhu hwakasiyana hwechiedza hune simba rekusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwekushivirira kutonhora uye kushivirira munyu kumiti. Semuenzaniso, apo michero yematomatisi yakawedzerwa chiedza kwemaawa mana husiku, zvichienzaniswa nekurapa pasina chiedza chekuwedzera, chiedza chichena, chiedza chitsvuku, chiedza chebhuruu, uye chiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu zvinogona kuderedza kubvumidzwa kwe electrolyte uye huwandu hweMDA hwemiti yematomatisi, uye kuvandudza kushivirira kutonhora. Mabasa eSOD, POD neCAT mumiti yematomatisi pasi pekurapwa kwe8:2 red-blue ratio aive akakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura emamwe marapirwo, uye aive nekukwanisa kwakanyanya kweantioxidant uye kushivirira kutonhora.

Mhedzisiro yeUV-B pakukura kwemidzi yesoya inonyanya kuvandudza kusimba kwezvirimwa nekuwedzera huwandu hweNO neROS mumidzi, kusanganisira mamorekuru ekuratidza mahormone akadai seABA, SA, neJA, uye kudzivirira kukura kwemidzi nekuderedza huwandu hweIAA, CTK, neGA. Photoreceptor yeUV-B, UVR8, haingobatanidzi chete mukudzora photomorphogenesis, asiwo ine basa guru mukusimba kweUV-B. Mumbeu dzematomatisi, UVR8 inotungamira mukuumbwa nekuunganidzwa kweanthocyanins, uye mbeu dzematomatisi emusango dzakajairwa neUV dzinovandudza kugona kwadzo kubata nekusimba kweUV-B kwakanyanya. Zvisinei, kugadziriswa kweUV-B kune kusimba kwemvura kunokonzerwa neArabidopsis hakutsamiri panzira yeUVR8, izvo zvinoratidza kuti UV-B inoshanda sechiratidzo-inokonzerwa nekupindirana kwenzira dzekudzivirira zvirimwa, kuitira kuti mahormone akasiyana-siyana anobatanidzwa pamwe chete mukudzivirira kusimba kwemvura, zvichiwedzera kugona kweROS kubvisa.

Kureba kwemuti wehypocotyl kana hunde kunokonzerwa neFR uye kugadziriswa kwemiti kuti ikwire kutonhora kunodzorwa nemahormone emiti. Nokudaro, "mhedzisiro yekudzivirira mumvuri" inokonzerwa neFR ine chekuita nekugadzirisa kutonhora kwemiti. Vaongorori vakawedzera mbesa dzebhari mazuva gumi nemasere mushure mekumera pa15°C kwemazuva gumi, vachitonhorera kusvika pa5°C + kuwedzera FR kwemazuva manomwe, uye vakaona kuti zvichienzaniswa nekurapa kwechiedza chichena, FR yakawedzera kudzivirira chando kwembesa dzebhari. Maitiro aya anoperekedzwa nekuwedzera kweABA neIAA mumbesa dzebhari. Kutamiswa kwakatevera kwembesa dzebhari dzakagadziriswa FR kusvika pa5°C uye kuramba dzichiwedzerwa FR kwemazuva manomwe kwakaguma nemigumisiro yakafanana neyekurapa kuri pamusoro apa, asi nekudzikira kweABA. Zvirimwa zvine R:FR values ​​​​dzakasiyana zvinodzora biosynthesis yephytohormones (GA, IAA, CTK, uye ABA), izvo zvine chekuitawo nekushivirira munyu wezvirimwa. Kana paine munyu wakawandisa, chiedza cheR:FR chinogona kuvandudza kugona kwe antioxidant uye photosynthetic kwembeu dzematomatisi, kuderedza kugadzirwa kweROS neMDA mumbeu, uye kuvandudza kushivirira munyu. Kushushikana kwemunyu uye kukosha kwakaderera kweR:FR (R:FR=0.8) zvakadzivisa kugadzirwa kwechlorophyll, izvo zvingave zvine chekuita nekushandurwa kwePBG kuita UroIII munzira yekugadzira chlorophyll, nepo R:FR yakaderera inogona kuderedza munyu Kukanganiswa kwekugadzirwa kwechlorophyll kunokonzerwa nestress. Izvi zvinoratidza hukama hwakakosha pakati pephytochromes nekutsungirira munyu.

Pamusoro penzvimbo ine chiedza, zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisawo kukura uye mhando yembeu dzemuriwo. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweCO2 kuchawedzera huwandu hwechiedza Pn (Pnmax), kuderedza nzvimbo yekubhadharisa chiedza, uye kuvandudza kushanda kwechiedza. Kuwedzera kwesimba rechiedza uye huwandu hweCO2 kunobatsira kuvandudza huwandu hwepigment yephotosynthetic, kushanda zvakanaka kwemvura uye mabasa emaenzyme ane chekuita neCalvin cycle, uye pakupedzisira kuwana kushanda kwakanyanya kwephotosynthetic uye kuunganidzwa kwembeu dzematomatisi. Huremu hwakaoma uye kuoma kwembeu dzematomatisi nemhiripiri zvaive zvakanaka zvine chekuita neDLI, uye kuchinja kwekushisa kwakakanganisawo kukura pasi pekurapwa kwakafanana kweDLI. Nzvimbo ye23~25℃ yaive yakakodzera kukura kwembeu dzematomatisi. Zvichienderana netembiricha nemamiriro ekunze, vaongorori vakagadzira nzira yekufanotaura huwandu hwekukura kwemhiripiri zvichibva pamuenzaniso wekugoverwa kwebate, iyo inogona kupa nhungamiro yesainzi yekudzora nharaunda yekugadzirwa kwembeu dzakaiswa mhiripiri.

Saka, pakugadzira hurongwa hwekugadzirisa chiedza mukugadzirwa, zvinhu zvakatipoteredza chiedza nemarudzi emiti chete ndizvo zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo, asiwo zvinhu zvekurima nekutarisira zvakaita sekudya kwembeu uye kutarisira mvura, nharaunda ine gasi, tembiricha, uye danho rekukura kwembeu.

4. Matambudziko neMaonero

Chekutanga, kudzora chiedza chembeu dzemuriwo inzira yakaoma, uye mhedzisiro yemamiriro akasiyana echiedza pamhando dzakasiyana dzembeu dzemuriwo munzvimbo yefekitori yemiti inofanira kuongororwa zvakadzama. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kuti kuzadzisa chinangwa chekugadzira mbeu zvakanaka uye zvemhando yepamusoro, kutsvaga nguva dzose kunodiwa kuti pave nehurongwa hwehunyanzvi hwakakura.

Chechipiri, kunyangwe simba rinoshandiswa nechiedza che LED rakakwira, simba rinoshandiswa pakugadzira mwenje yezvirimwa ndiro simba guru rinoshandiswa pakurima mbesa uchishandisa chiedza chekugadzira. Kushandiswa kwesimba guru mumafekitori ezvirimwa kuchiri dambudziko riri kudzikamisa kukura kwemafekitori ezvirimwa.

Chekupedzisira, nekushandiswa kwakakura kwemwenje yezvirimwa mukurima, mutengo wemwenje ye LED inotarisirwa kudzikira zvakanyanya mune ramangwana; pane kudaro, kuwedzera kwemari yevashandi, kunyanya munguva yapashure pedenda, kushomeka kwevashandi kuchasimudzira maitiro ekugadzira michina uye otomatiki. Mune ramangwana, mamodheru ekudzora akavakirwa pahungwaru hwekugadzira uye michina yekugadzira yakangwara ichave imwe yematekinoroji makuru ekugadzira mbesa dzemiriwo, uye icharamba ichikurudzira kukura kwetekinoroji yembesa dzezvirimwa mufekitori.

Vanyori: Jiehui Tan, Houcheng Liu
Chitubu chechinyorwa: Wechat nhoroondo yeAgricultural Engineering Technology (greenhouse horticulture)