[Pfupiso] Zvichibva pahuwandu hwakawanda hweruzivo rwekuyedza, chinyorwa chino chinokurukura nyaya dzinoverengeka dzakakosha mukusarudza mhando yechiedza mumafekitori ezvirimwa, kusanganisira kusarudzwa kwezvinobva chiedza, mhedzisiro yechiedza chitsvuku, chebhuruu nechero, uye kusarudzwa kwemavara espectral, kuitira kupa ruzivo rwemhando yechiedza mumafekitori ezvirimwa. Kusarudza nzira yekufananidza kunopa mhinduro dzinoshanda dzinogona kushandiswa sekutarisa.
Kusarudzwa kwechiedza

Mafekitori ezvirimwa anowanzo shandisa mwenje ye LED. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mwenje ye LED ine hunhu hwekushanda nesimba, kushandiswa kwesimba shoma, kugadzirwa kwekupisa kushoma, kugara kwenguva refu uye kusimba kwechiedza chinogadziriswa uye spectrum, izvo zvisingangogone kugutsa zvinodiwa pakukura kwezvirimwa uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinobudirira, asiwo kuchengetedza simba, kuderedza kugadzirwa kwekupisa uye mari yemagetsi. Mwenje ye LED grow inogona kukamurwa kuita mwenje ye LED ine chip wide-spectrum imwe chete yechinangwa chakajairika, mwenje ye LED ine chip wide-spectrum imwe chete yezvirimwa, uye mwenje ye LED ine multi-chip yakasanganiswa inogadziriswa. Mutengo wemhando mbiri dzekupedzisira dzemwenje ye LED ine zvirimwa unowanzo kuve wakapetwa kashanu pane wemwenje we LED wakajairika, saka masosi emwenje akasiyana anofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Kune mafekitori makuru ezvirimwa, mhando dzezvirimwa zvavanorima dzinochinja zvichienderana nekudiwa kwemusika. Kuti vaderedze mari yekuvaka uye vasakanganise zvakanyanya kushanda kwekugadzira, munyori anokurudzira kushandisa machipisi e LED ane broad-spectrum yemwenje wakajairika senzvimbo yemwenje. Kune mafekitori madiki ezvirimwa, kana mhando dzezvirimwa dzakagadzikana, kuitira kuti pave nekubudirira kukuru kwekugadzira uye mhando pasina kuwedzera zvakanyanya mutengo wekuvaka, machipisi e LED ane spectrum yakakura yemwenje yakasiyana nemiti kana yakajairika anogona kushandiswa senzvimbo yemwenje. Kana iri yekudzidza mhedzisiro yechiedza pakukura kwezvirimwa uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinoshanda, kuitira kuti pave nefomura yakanakisa yechiedza chekugadzirwa kukuru mune ramangwana, musanganiswa wemwenje we LED une machipisi akawanda unogona kushandiswa kushandura zvinhu zvakaita sechiedza chakasimba, spectrum nenguva yechiedza kuti uwane fomura yakanakisa yechiedza chezvirimwa chimwe nechimwe nokudaro zvichipa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kukuru.

Chiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu

Kana tichitaura nezvemhedzisiro chaiyo yekuedza, kana huwandu hwechiedza chitsvuku (R) hwakakwira kupfuura hwechiedza chebhuruu (B) (lettuce R:B = 6:2 uye 7:3; sipinachi R:B = 4:1; mbesa dzegourd R:B = 7:3; mbesa dzemacucumber R:B = 7:3), kuyedza kwakaratidza kuti huwandu hwebiomass (kusanganisira kureba kwemuti wechikamu chemudenga, nzvimbo yepamusoro yeLeaf, huremu hutsva nehuremu hwakaoma, nezvimwewo) hwakakwira, asi dhayamita yemuti uye index yakasimba yembesa yemiti zvaive zvakakura apo huwandu hwechiedza chebhuruu hwaive hwakakwira kupfuura hwechiedza chitsvuku. Kune zviratidzo zvebiochemical, huwandu hwechiedza chitsvuku hwakakwira kupfuura chiedza chebhuruu hunowanzo batsira kuwedzera huwandu hweshuga inonyungudika mumiti. Zvisinei, pakuunganidzwa kweVC, protein inonyungudika, chlorophyll uye carotenoids mumiti, zviri nani kushandisa mwenje weLED une huwandu hwakawanda hwechiedza chebhuruu kupfuura chiedza chitsvuku, uye huwandu hwemalondialdehyde hwakadererawo pasi pemamiriro aya echiedza.

Sezvo fekitari yezvirimwa ichinyanya kushandiswa pakurima miriwo ine mashizha kana kuti pakurima mhodzi dzemaindasitiri, zvinogona kugumisa kubva pane zvataurwa pamusoro apa kuti, nekuda kwekuwedzera goho uye tichifunga nezvemhando, zvakakodzera kushandisa machipisi e LED ane mwenje mutsvuku yakawanda kupfuura mwenje webhuruu senzvimbo yechiedza. Chiyero chiri nani ndiR:B = 7:3. Uyezve, chiyero chakadaro chemwenje mutsvuku nebhuruu chinoshanda kune marudzi ese emiriwo kana mhodzi, uye hapana zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa zvakasiyana.

Sarudzo yehurefu hwemafungu matsvuku nebhuruu

Munguva ye photosynthesis, simba rechiedza rinonyanyo torwa kuburikidza ne chlorophyll a ne chlorophyll b. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza ma spectra ekunwa e chlorophyll a ne chlorophyll b, uko mutsetse we green spectral uri spectra yekunwa ye chlorophyll a, uye mutsetse we blue spectral uri spectra yekunwa ye chlorophyll b. Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo kuti chlorophyll a ne chlorophyll b dzine peaks mbiri dzekunwa, imwe iri munzvimbo ye blue light uye imwe iri munzvimbo ye red light. Asi peaks mbiri dzekunwa dze chlorophyll a ne chlorophyll b dzakasiyana zvishoma. Kutaura chokwadi, peak wavelengths mbiri dze chlorophyll a dziri 430 nm ne 662 nm, zvichiteerana, uye peak wavelengths mbiri dze chlorophyll b dziri 453 nm ne 642 nm, zvichiteerana. Aya ma wavelengths mana haachinje nemiti yakasiyana, saka kusarudzwa kwema wavelengths matsvuku nebhuruu munzvimbo yechiedza hakuzochinje nemarudzi akasiyana emiti.

Kubatwa kwe chlorophyll a ne chlorophyll b

Mwenje we LED wakajairika une spectrum yakakura unogona kushandiswa senzvimbo yechiedza chefekitori yefekitori, chero bedzi mwenje mutsvuku nebhuruu uchigona kufukidza marefu maviri e chlorophyll a ne chlorophyll b, kureva kuti, marefu emwenje mutsvuku anowanzova 620 ~ 680 nm, nepo mwenje webhuruu Marefu emwenje ari kubva pa400 kusvika 480 nm. Zvisinei, marefu emwenje mutsvuku nebhuruu haafanire kunge akafara zvakanyanya nekuti haangopedze simba rechiedza chete, asi anogonawo kunge aine zvimwe zvinokanganisa.

Kana mwenje we LED une machipisi matsvuku, eyero nebhuruu ukashandiswa senzvimbo yechiedza chefekitori yefekitori, urefu hwemarefu echiedza chitsvuku hunofanira kuiswa pahupamhi hwemarefu echlorophyll a, kureva kuti, pa660 nm, urefu hwemarefu echiedza chebhuruu hunofanira kuiswa pahupamhi hwemarefu echlorophyll b, kureva pa450 nm.

Basa rechiedza chechero negirini

Zvakakodzera zvikuru kana chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku, chegirini nebhuruu chiri R:G:B=6:1:3. Kana tichitarisa kureba kwechiedza chegirini, sezvo chichinyanya kuita basa rekutonga mukukura kwezvirimwa, chinofanira kunge chiri pakati pe530 ne550 nm.

Pfupiso

Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura nzira yekusarudza mhando yechiedza mumafekitori emiti kubva pazvinhu zvedzidziso uye zvinoshanda, kusanganisira kusarudzwa kwehuwandu hwewavelength yechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu muchiedza che LED uye basa uye chiyero chechiedza yeyero negirini. Mukukura kwezvirimwa, kuenderana kwakanaka pakati pezvinhu zvitatu zvechiedza, mhando yechiedza nenguva yechiedza, uye hukama hwazvo nezvinovaka muviri, tembiricha nehunyoro, uye huwandu hweCO2 hunofanirawo kufungwa nezvahwo zvizere. Pakugadzirwa chaiko, kungave uchironga kushandisa wide spectrum kana multi-chip combination tunable spectrum LED light, chiyero chema wavelength ndicho chinhu chikuru chaunofanira kufunga nezvacho, nekuti pamusoro pemhando yechiedza, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kugadziriswa munguva chaiyo panguva yekushanda. Naizvozvo, chinhu chakakosha pakugadzira mafekitori emiti chinofanira kuve kusarudzwa kwemhando yechiedza.

Munyori: Yong Xu

Chitubu chechinyorwa: Wechat nhoroondo yeAgricultural Engineering Technology (greenhouse horticulture)

Reference: Yong Xu,Nzira yekusarudza mhando isina kujeka mumafekitori ezvirimwa [J]. Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022, 42(4): 22-25.