[Abstract] Zvichienderana nenhamba huru yedata rekuyedza, chinyorwa ichi chinokurukura nyaya dzakati wandei dzakakosha mukusarudzwa kwechiedza chemhando mumafekitori ezvirimwa, kusanganisira kusarudzwa kwechiedza, mhedzisiro yechiedza chitsvuku, chebhuruu uye yero, uye kusarudzwa kwemavara ekuona. ranges, kuitira kuti tipe ruzivo rwechiedza chemhando mumafekitari ezvirimwa.Kutemerwa kwemaitiro ekufananidza kunopa dzimwe mhinduro dzinoshanda dzinogona kushandiswa kunongedzera.
Kusarudzwa kwechiedza chechiedza

Mafekitari ekudyara anowanzo shandisa mwenje we LED.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mwenje ye LED ine hunhu hwekupenya kwakanyanya, kuderera kwesimba rekushandisa, kushoma kupisa chizvarwa, hupenyu hurefu uye inogadziriswa chiedza kusimba uye spectrum, izvo zvisingagone kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekukura kwechirimwa uye zvinobudirira kuunganidza zvinhu, asiwo kuchengetedza simba, kuderedza kupisa kwekugadzira uye mari yemagetsi.Mwenje dze LED dzinokura dzinogona kukamurwazve kuita single-chip wide-spectrum LED mwenje kune chinangwa chakajairika, single-chip chirimwa-chaiyo yakakura-spectrum LED mwenje, uye akawanda-chip akasanganiswa anochinjika-spectrum mwenje LED.Mutengo wemarudzi maviri ekupedzisira emwenje-chaiwo mwenje ye LED kazhinji inodarika ka5 iyo yeakajairika mwenje mwenje, saka mwenje wakasiyana unofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nezvinangwa zvakasiyana.Kune mafekitori makuru ezvirimwa, mhando dzezvirimwa zvavanokura zvinoshanduka nekudiwa kwemusika.Kuti uderedze mitengo yekuvaka uye kusanyanya kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwekugadzira, munyori anokurudzira kushandisa yakakura-spectrum LED machipi ekuvhenekesa kwakawanda sesosi yekuvhenekesa.Kune mafekitori madiki ezvirimwa, kana mhando dzezvidyarwa dzakati dzikamei, kuitira kuti uwane yakakwira kugadzirwa kwemhando uye hunhu pasina kuwedzera zvakanyanya mutengo wekuvaka, yakakura-spectrum LED machipi echirimwa-chaiwo kana general mwenje anogona kushandiswa senzvimbo yekuvhenekesa.Kana iri yekudzidza mhedzisiro yechiedza pakukura kwechirimwa uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinoshanda, kuitira kuti ipe yakanakisa mwenje fomula yeyakakura-yakakura kugadzirwa mune ramangwana, yakawanda-chip musanganiswa weinogadziriswa spectrum mwenje LED inogona kushandiswa kuchinja. zvinhu zvakaita sekusimba kwechiedza, spectrum uye nguva yechiedza kuwana yakanakisa mwenje formula yechirimwa chimwe nechimwe nekudaro ichipa hwaro hwekugadzirwa kwakakura.

Chiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu

Nekuda kwemhedzisiro yekuyedza ine chekuita, kana zviri mukati memwenje dzvuku (R) zvakakwirira pane zveblue mwenje (B) (lettuce R:B = 6:2 uye 7:3; sipinachi R:B = 4: 1; mbesa dzegourd R:B = 7:3; cucumber madzinde R:B = 7:3), ongororo yakaratidza kuti biomass zvirimo (kusanganisira kureba kwechirimwa kwechikamu chemuchadenga, nzvimbo yakakura yeshizha, huremu hutsva uye huremu hwakaoma. , etc.) dzaive dzakakwirira, asi dhayamita yehunde uye indekisi yakasimba yembesa yemiti yaive yakakura kana mwenje weblue wemukati wakakwira kupfuura iwo wemwenje mutsvuku.Kune zviratidzi zvebiochemical, zvirimo zvemwenje dzvuku zvakakwirira kupfuura mwenje webhuruu zvinowanzo batsira mukuwedzera kweshuga inonyungudika muzvirimwa.Zvisinei, pakuunganidza kweVC, soluble protein, chlorophyll uye carotenoids mumiti, zvinonyanya kukosha kushandisa chiedza che LED nepamusoro pebhuruu chiedza chemukati pane chiedza chitsvuku, uye zvinyorwa zve malondialdehyde zvakare zvakaderera pasi pemamiriro aya ekuvhenekera.

Sezvo fekitari yezvirimwa ichinyanya kushandiswa kurima miriwo yemashizha kana kusimudza mbesa dzemaindasitiri, zvinogona kugumiswa kubva pane zvabuda pamusoro apa kuti pasi pechikonzero chekuwedzera goho uye tichifunga nezvemhando, yakakodzera kushandisa LED machipisi ane tsvuku yakakwirira. mwenje wemukati pane mwenje weblue sesosi yemwenje.Reshiyo iri nani iR:B = 7:3.Zvakare, chiyero chakadaro chechiedza dzvuku nebhuruu chinoshanda kune ese marudzi emiriwo yemashizha kana madzinde, uye hapana chakanangana chinodiwa pazvirimwa zvakasiyana.

Tsvuku uye bhuruu wavelength kusarudzwa

Munguva yephotosynthesis, simba rechiedza rinonyanya kutorwa kuburikidza nechlorophyll a uye chlorophyll b.Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza kunyudzwa kwe chlorophyll a uye chlorophyll b, uko mutsetse wegreen spectral ndiko kunyura kwe chlorophyll a, uye yeblue spectral mutsara ndiyo yekunyudza spectrum ye chlorophyll b.Zvinogona kuoneka kubva pamufananidzo kuti ese chlorophyll a uye chlorophyll b ane maviri epamusoro ekunyudza, imwe munzvimbo yebhuruu mwenje uye imwe munzvimbo tsvuku mwenje.Asi 2 peaks yekunyura yechlorophyll a uye chlorophyll b akasiyana zvishoma.Kutaura chokwadi, maviri peak wavelengths echlorophyll a 430 nm uye 662 nm, zvichiteerana, uye maviri peak wavelengths echlorophyll b ari 453 nm uye 642 nm, zvichiteerana.Aya mana ewavelength maitiro haashanduke nezvirimwa zvakasiyana, saka kusarudzwa kwemavara matsvuku uye ebhuruu muchiedza chechiedza hakuzochinji nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa.

Kutorwa kwe chlorophyll a uye chlorophyll b

Chiedza chemwenje che LED chine hupamhi hwakakura chinogona kushandiswa semwenje sosi yefekitari yechirimwa, chero mwenje dzvuku nebhuruu uchigona kuvhara maviri epamusoro mawavelengths echlorophyll a uye chlorophyll b, kureva, kureba kwemwenje tsvuku. inowanzoita 620 ~ 680 nm, ukuwo mwenje webhuruu Rudzi rwewavelength runobva pa400 kusvika 480 nm.Nekudaro, huwandu hwewavelength hwemwenje tsvuku nebhuruu haifanire kunge yakafaranuka nekuti haingotambisi simba rechiedza chete, asi inogonawo kuve nezvimwe zvinokanganisa.

Kana mwenje we LED unoumbwa ne tsvuku, yero uye bhuruu machipisi uchishandiswa semwenje sosi yefekitari yechirimwa, iyo peak wavelength yemwenje dzvuku inofanira kuiswa kune peak wavelength ye chlorophyll a, kureva, pa660 nm, iyo peak wavelength. yechiedza chebhuruu inofanira kuiswa kune peak wavelength yechlorophyll b, kureva pa450 nm.

Basa rechiedza cheyero uye chegirini

Zvinonyanya kufanira kana reshiyo yechiedza chitsvuku, chegirinhi nebhuruu chiri R:G:B=6:1:3.Kana iri yekugadzika kwegirinhi mwenje peak wavelength, sezvo ichinyanya kuita basa rekutonga mukukura kwechirimwa, inongoda chete kuva pakati pe530 ne550 nm.

Summary

Ichi chinyorwa chinokurukura nzira yekusarudza yemhando yechiedza mumafekitari ezvirimwa kubva kune zvese zvedzidziso uye zvinoshanda, kusanganisira kusarudzwa kwewavelength renji yechiedza chitsvuku nebhuruu mumwenje we LED sosi uye basa uye reshiyo yeyero uye yegirini chiedza.Mukuita kwekukura kwechirimwa, kuenzanisa kunonzwisisika pakati pezvinhu zvitatu zvekusimba kwechiedza, mwenje wemhando uye nguva yechiedza, uye hukama hwavo nekudya, tembiricha uye hunyoro, uye CO2 kusungirirwa kunofanirwawo kutariswa zvizere.Pakugadzirwa chaiko, kunyangwe iwe uchironga kushandisa yakafara spectrum kana akawanda-chip musanganiswa tunable spectrum LED mwenje, chiyero chewavelengths ndiyo inonyanya kutariswa, nekuti pamusoro pemhando yechiedza, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kugadziriswa munguva chaiyo panguva yekushanda.Nokudaro, iyo inonyanya kukosha muchikamu chekugadzira mafekitari emiti inofanira kunge iri kusarudzwa kwehutano hwechiedza.

Munyori: Yong Xu

Chinyorwa chinyorwa: Wechat account yeAgricultural Engineering Technology (greenhouse horticulture)

Reference: Yong Xu,Chiedza chemhando yekusarudza nzira mumafekitori ezvirimwa [J].Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022, 42(4): 22-25.