Research on the Effect of LED Supplementary Light on the Yield Increasing Effect of Hydroponic Lettuce and Pakchoi in Greenhouse in Winter
. Mumakore achangopfuura zvisina kukwana. Mukuedzwa, marudzi maviri emakwenzi ekuwedzera emwenje nemhando dzakasiyana dzakaiswa muGreenhouse kuti uite kuongororwa kwekutsvaga kwehydroponic lettropic uye green stem munguva yechando. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti marudzi maviri emwenje marara anogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kurema kwechirimwa chePakchoi uye lettuce. Mhedzisiro inowedzera yePakchoi inonyanya kuratidzwa mukuvandudzwa kwesimbi yemhando yakadai seyekuwedzera mashizha emhando uye inowedzera, uye inowedzera simba rekurehwa inonyanya kuratidzwa mukuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemashizha uye yakaoma nyaya.

Chiedza chikamu chakakosha chekukura chirimwa. Mumakore achangopfuura, mwenje werefu wakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima uye kugadzirwa munzvimbo yakasvibira nekuda kwekutendeuka kweThepeelection yavo yeThexertric chiyero, Chiitiko Chinogona Kuita, uye Hupenyu Hwemhombwe [1]. Munyika dzekunze, nekuda kwekutanga kwekutanga kwekutsvaga kwakakura uye kurongeka kwakura kwekutsigira, ruva rakakura kwazvo, michero uye michero yekugadzira zvizere zvizere. Kuunganidzwa kwehuwandu hukuru hwehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwe data zvakare rinobvumira vanogadzira zvakajeka kufanotaura mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kugadzirwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kudzoka mushure mekushandisa iyo LED yekuwedzera hurongwa inoongororwa [2]. Nekudaro, mazhinji ekutsvaga kwepamba parizvino pane yekuwedzera mwenje ndeyekutsivirirwa kwakasiyana madiki-chiyero chechiitiko uye spectral optimerization, uye lsplementary mwenje unowedzera kuti zvishandiswe mukugadzirwa chaiko [3]. Vazhinji vagadziri vepamba vanoshandisa zvakananga zviripo zvekunze zvekuwedzera zvekushandiswa kwemwenje kana uchinyorera mwenje wekuvhenekesa Uye zvakare, iyo yakakwira mutengo wekuwedzera zvishandiso zvekushandisa uye yakakwira simba kunwa zvinowanzoguma nehuremu hukuru pakati peiyo chaiyo creverey goho uye kudzoka kwehupfumi uye kudzoka kwehupfumi uye maitiro anotarisirwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu azvino aya haakwanisi kukuvadzwa uye kusimudzira tekinoroji yekuwedzera mwenje uye kugadzirwa kuri kuwedzera munyika. Naizvozvo, ichi chinodikanwa chekukurumidza kuisa zvine musoro zvakaringana zvinowedzera zvigadzirwa zvechiedza mune chaiyo yekugadzira nzvimbo yekugadzira, chengetedza nzira dzekushandisa, uye unganidza data yakakodzera.

Nguva yechando ndiyo mwaka apo miriwo nyowani yemashizha ari mukuda kukuru. Greenhouses inogona kupa nzvimbo yakakodzera kwazvo yemashizha miriwo yekukura munguva yechando pane chando kupfuura minda yokunze yekurima. Nekudaro, chinyorwa chakaratidza kuti kumwe kuchembera kana kusachena mashebha kwakachena kune zvishoma zvishoma pane zvisingasviki 50% munguva yechando .. Mukuwedzera, iyo yekunyora-nguva yekunaya inowanzoitika munguva yechando, iyo inoita kuti girazi rizere. tembiricha uye yakaderera-nharaunda, iyo inokanganisa kukura kwakajairika kwezvirimwa. Chiedza chave chinhu chinogumira pakukura kwemiriwo munguva yechando [4]. Iyo yakasvibirira cube iyo yakaiswa mukugadzirwa chaiko inoshandiswa mukuedza. Iyo isina kudzika mvura inoyerera leafy miriwo yekudyara system inoenderana neyakagadziriswa (China) Investment CO, LTD Kudyara Lettuce uye Pakchoi, ndedzipi miriwo miriwo yemusika ane mari yemusika, inovavarira kudzidza iyo chaiyo yekuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwehydroponic shizha uye rakarererwa muchando mune yechando girini.

Zvishandiso uye Nzira
Zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa bvunzo

Izvo zvinhu zvekuyedza zvinoshandiswa muedzo zvaive lettuce uye packchohi miriwo. Lettuce akasiyana, yakasvibira Lettuce, inobva kuBeijing Dingfeng Yazvino Ekurima Development Couplation Courturity Courtur

Nzira yekuyedza

Kuedza kwakaitwa muWenluo Type Glass Green of Sunqiao yeShanghai yeShanghai Green Green Development Coune 2020 Kutenderera kwekutanga kwekuedza kwaive kwekupedzisira kwa1999, uye yechipiri kutenderera yaive pakutanga kwe2020 Munguva yemudhambwe yekurera, iyo yakajairika yekugadzirisa mhinduro yehydroponic miriwo neEC ye1,5 uye pH ye 5.5 yakashandiswa kudiridza. Mushure mekunge mhodzi dzakakura kusvika pamashizha matatu uye 1 moyo nhanho, ivo vakadyarwa pane yakasvibirira cube track track trally lead miriwo yekudyara miriwo yekudyara miriwo. Mushure mekudyara, iyo yakadzika inoyerera inowedzera mhinduro Dunhu Rinotenderera Sisitimu yakashandisa EC 2 uye PH 6 YEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMADZIMAI YEMAHARA. Iyo yekudiridza frequency yaive gumi maminetsi nemvura inowanikwa uye makumi maviri emaminitsi ane mvura yakamiswa. Boka reKutonga (hapana mwenje wekuwedzera) uye boka rekurapa (rakareruka rinowedzera) rakaiswa muyedzo. CK yakadyarwa mugirazi greenhouse pasina kuwanda kwekuwedzera. LB: DRW-LB HO (200W) yakashandiswa kuwedzerwa mwenje mushure mekudyara mugirazi greenhouse. Iyo yechiedza flux density (PPFD) pamusoro pehydroponic yemiriwo canopy yaive anenge 140 μmol / (㎡ s). MB: Mushure mekudyara mugirazi Greenhouse, iyo DRW-LB (200w) yakashandiswa kuwedzerwa mwenje, uye iyo PPFD yaive anenge 140 μmol / (㎡ s).

Kutenderera kwekutanga kwekuedza kudyara ndeye Mbudzi Iyo yechipiri kutenderera kwekuyedza kudyara Zuva riri December 30, 2019 Day, zuva rekudyara ndiJanuary 17, 2020, uye nguva yekuwedzera yeboka re4: 00-17: 00
Mumamiriro ekunze ezuva munguva yechando, iyo greenhouse ichavhura sunroof, firimu remuti uye fan yemazuva ese mhepo kubva ku6: 00-17: 00. Kana tembiricha yakaderera husiku, iyo greenhouse ichavhara iyo skylight, firimu redhambwe uye fan na 17: 00 (zuva rinotevera),

Kuunganidzwa kwedata

Kureba kwekukura, nhamba yemashizha, uye uremu hwakanyanya pane chirimwa zvakawanikwa mushure mekukohwa zvikamu zviri pamusoro zveQingjingcai uye Lettuce. Mushure mekuyera uremu hutsva, rakaiswa muvheni uye rakaoma pa 75 ℃ for 72 h. Mushure mekupera, uremu hwakaoma hwaive hwatsunga. Tembiricha mune iyo greenhouse uye photosynthetic phonity density (PPFD, photosynthetic density)

Kuongororwa kwedata

Verenga mwenje unoshandisa kushanda zvakanaka (lue, mwenje unoshandisa kushanda zvakanaka) zvinoenderana neye inotevera formula:
Lue (g / mol) = miriwo goodhi pane yeyunivhesiti nzvimbo / huwandu hwehuwandu hwechiedza chakawanikwa nemiriwo pane zvigadzirwa kubva pakudyara kusvika pakukohwa
Verenga iyo yakaoma nyaya yemukati zvinoenderana neye inotevera formula:
Yakaoma nyaya yezvinyorwa (%) = yakaoma uremu pane chirimwa / chitsva uremu pane chirimwa x 100%
Shandisa Excel2016 uye IBM SPSS Nhamba 20 kuti uongorore data iri muyedzo muyedzo uye ongorora kukosha kwemusiyano.

Zvishandiso uye Nzira
Mwenje uye tembiricha

Kutenderera kwekutanga kwekuedza kwakatora mazuva makumi mana nemashanu kubva pakudyara kukohwa, uye kutenderera kwechipiri kwakatora mazuva makumi mashanu nemashanu kuti arege kukohwa. Munguva yekutanga kutenderera kwekuedza, iyo yezuva nezuva tembiricha mune iyo greenhouse yaive kunyanya muhuwandu hwe10-18 ℃; Munguva yechipiri kutenderera kwekuedza, kuchinjika kwemazuva ese tembiricha muGreenhouse kwaive kwakanyanya kupfuura panguva yekutanga yekuedza, ine yakaderera zuva rekupfeka tembiricha ye8.39 Iyo yemazuva ese tembiricha yakaratidza huwandu hwakakwira kumusoro panguva yekukura maitiro (Fig. 1).

Munguva yekutanga yekutenderera kwekuedza, iyo zuva nezuva chiedza (dli) mune greenhouse yakachinjika isingasviki 14 mol / (㎡ d). Munguva yechipiri kutenderera kwekuedza, huwandu hwezuva nezuva hwechiedza chemuchato muGreenhouse zvakarereka maitiro ekutsvaira, izvo zvaive zvakakwirira kupfuura 8 mol / (㎡ d), uye kukosha kwakanyanya kwakaonekwa munaFebruary 27, 2020, yaive 26.1 mol / (㎡ d). Shanduko yemazuva ese kuwanda kwechiedza chechisikigo mune greenhouse panguva yechipiri kutenderera kwekuedzwa kwakakura kupfuura panguva yekutanga kutenderera (Fig. 2). Munguva yekutanga yekutenderera kwekuedza, huwandu hwezuva nezuva hwechiedza (iyo huwandu hwechiedza chechiedza dli uye led Supplementary mwenje dli) yeiyo yekuwedzera boka rakakwira kupfuura 8 mol / (㎡ d) yakawanda yenguva. Munguva yechipiri kutenderera kwekuedzwa, iyo yakazara zuva nezuva yakaunganidzwa mwenje wechiedza chechiedza cheboka raive kupfuura gumi mol / (㎡ d) kazhinji yenguva. Iyo yakazara yakazara huwandu hwechiedza chekuwedzera mune yechipiri kutenderera yaive 31.75 mol / ㎡ kupfuura iyo yekutanga kutenderera.

Leafy miriwo goodhi uye mwenje wechiedza shandisa kugona

● Kutanga kutenderera kwemhedzisiro yebvunzo
Inogona kuoneka kubva ku fig. 3 kuti iyo LED-inowedzera pakchoi inokura zvirinani, chimiro chirimwa chiri kuomesa, uye mashizha akakura uye akakura kupfuura iyo isina-supplemented ck. Iyo LB uye MB PAKCOI mashizha anopenya uye akasviba girini pane ck. Zvinogona kuoneka kubva kuFig. 4 Kuti Lettuce ine LED LED Light inokura zviri nani kupfuura ck isina kujeka, huwandu hwemashizha hwakakwira, uye chimiro chirimwa chakazara.

Zvinogona kuoneka kubva kuTafura 1 kuti hapana musiyano wakakosha mukureba kwekurima, zviwanikwa zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvinokwana kuita Pakchoiency yePakchoi zvakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura iyo ye ck; Pakanga pasina musiyano wakakosha muhuremu hwakakosha pane chirimwa pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvinokura zvibodzwa zvebhuruu dzakasiyana dzebhuruu ratios mune kurapwa kweLB uye MB.

Zvinogona kuoneka kubva patafura 2 kuti kukwirisa kwechirongwa cheLB kurapwa kwakanyanya kupfuura izvo muCK kurapwa, asi pakanga pasina mutsauko wakakosha pakati peLB kurapwa uye mbevha. Pakanga paine mutsauko wakakosha muhuwandu hwemashizha pakati pekurapa katatu, uye huwandu hwemashizha muM mb rakanga riri wepamusoro, yaive 27. Iyo yeremamina kunge iri mitezo yeLB yaive yepamusoro, yaive 101G. Paivewo mutsauko wakakosha pakati pemapoka maviri aya. Pakanga pasina musiyano wakakosha mune yakaoma nyaya pakati pe ck uye lb kurapwa. Zviri mukati meMB yaive 4.24% yakakwirira kupfuura ck uye lb kurapwa. Paive nemisiyano yakakosha muchiedza chinoshandisa kushanda pakati pekurapwa katatu. Iyo yepamusoro yechiedza inoshandisa kushanda zvakanaka yaive muLB kurapwa, yaive 13.23 g / mol, uye yakaderera yaive muCK kurapwa, yaive 10,72 g / mol.

● Chechipiri kutenderera kwemhedzisiro yebvunzo

Zvinogona kuoneka kubva kuTafura 3 kuti kukwirisa kwePakchoi kwakabatwa naMB kwakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo zveCK, uye pakanga pasina musiyano wakakosha pakati payo uye lb kurapwa kweLB. Nhamba yemashizha ePakchoi yakarapwa neBB yaive yakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura iyo neCK, asi pakanga pasina musiyano wakakosha pakati pemapoka maviri ekuwedzera marapirwo echiedza. Paive nemisiyano yakakosha muhuremu hwakakosha pane chirimwa pakati pezvikamu zvitatu. Kurema kwehuremu pane chirimwa muCK yaive yakaderera pa70 g, uye kurapwa kwemba kwakanga kuri kwepamusoro pa11 g. Pakanga pasina musiyano wakakosha mune yakaoma nyaya yemukati pakati pezvikamu zvitatu. Kune mutsauko wakakosha mukutsanangurwa kwesimba kushandisa zvakanaka. CK yakaderera pa 8.74 G / MOL, uye MB kurapwa ndiyo yakanyanya kukwirisa pa1.64 g / mol.

Inogona kuoneka kubva patafura 4 kuti pakanga pasina musiyano wakakosha mukureba kwekurima kwe lettuce pakati pehuremu nhatu. Nhamba yemashizha muLB uye MB kurapwa kwakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura iyo mu ck. Pakati pavo, nhamba yeMB mashizha mbo yaive yakakwirira kwazvo na26. Pakanga pasina mutsauko wakakosha muhuwandu hwemashizha pakati peLB uye MB kurapwa. Kurema kwakanyanya pane mapoka maviri emapoka maviri ekuwedzera marapirwo emwenje kwaive kwakanyanya kukwira kupfuura kweCK Kwaingovawo mutsauko wakakosha pakati peLB uye MB kurapwa. Pakanga paine mutsauko wakakosha mune yakaoma nyaya pakati pezvekurapa katatu, uye chinhu chakaoma nyaya yeLB kurapwa kwacho kwaive kwakanyanya, kwaive 4.05%. Iyo yechiedza simba yekushandisa kugona kwemabhu kurapwa kwakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura iyo yeCK uye LB kurapwa, inova 12.67 g / mol.

Munguva yechipiri kutenderera kwekuedza, iyo Dli yeboka remuti wechiedza raive rakakwirira kwazvo kupfuura iyo nhamba imwe chete yemazuva ekutanga ekuedza (Mufananidzo 1), uye nguva yekuwedzera yechiedza chekuwedzera kurapwa kweboka mune yechipiri kutenderera kwekuedza (4: 00-00- 17:00). Kuenzaniswa neyekutanga kutenderera kwekuedza (6: 30-17: 00), yakawedzera nemaawa 2,5. Nguva yekukohwa yemataundi maviri ePakchoi yaive mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu mushure mekudyara. Kurema kutsva kweCK mumwe nemumwe chirimwa mumatunhu maviri aive akafanana. Musiyano wehuremu hurefu pane lb uye mbevha uchienzaniswa neCK yechipiri kutenderera kwekuedzwa kwakanyanya kuenzanisa neCK mune yekutanga kutenderera (Tafura 1, tafura 3). Nguva yekukohwa yechipiri kutenderera kweiyo Lettimental Lettuce yaive mazuva makumi mana nemashanu mushure mekudyara, uye nguva yekukohwa yekutanga yekuedza Lettuce yaive mazuva makumi mana neshanu mushure mekudyara. Nhamba yemazuva enhongwe kana yechipiri kutenderera kwekuedza Lettuce ck yakavhenganiswa mazuva mana ekutanga, asi uremu hwakanyanya hwekutanga. uye iyo yechiedza simba shandisa kugona kwakafanana. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti sezvo tembiricha zvishoma nezvishoma inodziya uye mwenje wechisikigo mune iyo greenhouse zvishoma nezvishoma inowedzera, kutenderera kwekutenderera kwakapfupiswa.

Zvishandiso uye Nzira
Iwo maviri ekutenderera ekuedzwa akanyatsogadzira nguva yese muShanghai, uye boka rekutonga (ck) rakakwanisa kugadzirwa kwehydroponic green stars uye greenhouse pasi pekudziya kwezuva uye zuva rakadzika munguva yechando. Chiedza chechiedza chekuedza chechiedza chakave nekukosha kwekusimudzira pane iyo internet data index Pakati pavo, goho rakaburitswa nechiitiko chePakchoi airatidzwa muhukuru, ruvara uye gobvu remashizha panguva imwe chete. Asi lettuce inowanzowedzera huwandu hwemashizha, uye chimiro chirimwa chinotaridzika zvakazara. Mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidza kuti Chiedza chekuwedzera chinogona kuvandudza huremu hwakatsva uye chigadzirwa hunhu mukudyara kwemapoka maviri emiriwo, nekudaro achiwedzera kutengeswa kwezvigadzirwa zvemiriwo. Pakchoi inowedzerwa neiyo tsvuku-chena, yakachena-yebhuruu-chena, yepakati-yebhuruu inotungamirwa kusviba uye mashizha akakura uye akakura, uye maitiro ekukura a Type yechidyarwa yese ndeye compact uye yakasimba. Nekudaro, "Lettuc Letttuce" ndezvemwenje yakasvibira miriwo miriwo, uye hapana pachena ruvara rwekuchinja maitiro mukukura maitiro. Shanduko yemashizha ruvara haisi pachena kuti maziso emunhu. Iyo yakakodzera chikamu chebhuruu yebhuruu inogona kukurudzira kusimuka kweshizha uye photosynthetic pigment synthesis, uye inhibit Internode elongation. Naizvozvo, miriwo mune yechiedza boka boka rinofarirwa nevatengi vachitaridzika zvakanaka.

Munguva yechipiri kutenderera kweyedzo, iyo yezuva nezuva yekuwedzera huwandu hweboka remuti wechiedza raive rakakwirira kwazvo kupfuura iyo nhamba yeklonization yemazuva ekutanga ekuedza (Mufananidzo 1), uye Chiedza chekuwedzera NGUVA yechipiri kutenderera kweiyo yekuwedzera yechiedza kurapa kweboka (4: 00-17: 00), kana ichienzaniswa neyekutanga kutenderera (6: 30-17: 00), yakawedzera maawa 2,5. Nguva yekukohwa yemataundi maviri ePakchoi yaive mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu mushure mekudyara. Kurema kutsva kwe ck mumatunhu maviri aya kwakafanana. Musiyano wehuremu hurefu pane chirimwa pakati peLB uye ck mune yechipiri kutenderera kwekuedzwa kwakawanda pane kuremerwa neCK mune yekutanga kutenderera (tafura 1 uye tafura 3). Naizvozvo, kuendesa nguva yekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kunogona kusimudzira kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwehydroponic pakchoi yakachenesa munguva yechando. Nguva yekukohwa yechipiri kutenderera kweiyo Lettimental Lettuce yaive mazuva makumi mana nemashanu mushure mekudyara, uye nguva yekukohwa yekutanga yekuedza Lettuce yaive mazuva makumi mana neshanu mushure mekudyara. Kana yechipiri kutenderera kwekuedza Lettuce yakakohwa, nhamba yemazuva eboka reCK yeCK yaive mazuva mana mashoma pane iyo yekutanga kutenderera. Nekudaro, uremu hwakanyanya hwechirimwa chimwe chete hwaive 1.57 times iyo yekutanga kutenderera kwekuedzwa (tafura 2 uye tafura 4). Iyo yechiedza simba shandisa kugona kushanda kwakafanana. Zvinogona kuoneka kuti tembiricha zvishoma nezvishoma uye mwenje wechisikigo mune girini zvishoma nezvishoma zvinowedzera (Mufananidzo 1-2), kutenderera kwekutenderera kunogona kupfupiswa maererano. Naizvozvo, achiwedzera zvekuwedzera zvishandiso kune iyo greenhouse munguva yechando nekudziya kwekudziya uye zuva rakaderera rinogona kugadzirisa zvinobudirira kugona kweLettuce, vobva vawedzera kugadzirwa. Mukutenderera kwekutanga kwekuedza, mashizha emvura anowedzera kuwanda kwechiedza simba raive 0.95 kw-h, uye yechipiri kutenderera kwekupedzisira, iyo yeShizha Kuenzaniswa pakati pematanho maviri ekuedza, kupindwa kwechiedza kwekurapwa katatu kwePakchoi, simba rekushandiswa kwekuedza kwechipiri mukuyedza kupfuura iko kwekutanga kwekuedza. Iyo SEPLE SEASE KUTI USIMBIE KUDZVANYA CK uye LB SPLPLEMENTAY LEENT Mapoka emapoka mune yechipiri kuyedza aive akaderera zvishoma pane izvozvo pakuedza kwekutanga. Izvo zvinokotama kuti chikonzero chinogoneka ndechekuti iyo yakaderera zuva rekushisa mukati mevhiki mushure mekudyara kwenguva refu kwenguva yakareba, uye nyika yaive ishoma, uye yakazara zuva nezuva tembiricha yaive ichiri Pane yakaderera mwero, iyo yakadzora mwenje wechiedza shandisa kugona kwekufamba kwenguva yekukura kwehydroponics yemiriwo miriwo. (Mufananidzo 1).

Munguva yekuedza, dziva rekunyora rekunyora rakanga risingaenzaniswi nemidziyo yekudziya, kuitira kuti midzi yemuti we hydroponic mashizha emumiriwo, uye iyo tembiricha yemazuva ese yaive ishoma, iyo yakonzera miriwo kutadza kushandisa zvakakwana yemwenje yezuva nezuva yekuwedzera yakawedzera nekuwedzera iyo yakatungamirwa yekuwedzera mwenje. Naizvozvo, kana uchiwedzera mwenje mune greenhouse munguva yechando, zvinodikanwa kuti ufunge nezvekuchengetedza kwakasimba uye kupisa matanho ekuona mhedzisiro yekuwedzera mwenje kuti uwedzere kugadzirwa. Naizvozvo, zvakafanira kufunga nezve zviyero zvakakodzera zvekuchengetedza uye kupisa kuwedzera kwekuita kuti kuve nemhedzisiro yekuwedzera kwekuwedzera uye goho rekuwedzera mune yechando girini. Iko kushandiswa kweFED Kuwedzera Chiedza kuchawedzera mutengo wekugadzira kune imwe nhanho, uye kugadzirwa kwekurima pachayo haisi indasitiri yakakwirira. Naizvozvo, nezvekuita kuti ungaita sei kuti uwedzere kujekesa , zvinoda kumwe kuedzazve kuedza.

Vanyori: Yimbing ji, Kang Liu, Xianiye Zhang, Honglei Mao (Shanghai Green Cube Agricultural Development Co, Ltd.).
Chinyorwa Kono Source: Voltural Injiniya Technology (Greenhouse Horticulture).

Mareferensi:
. Agricultural Injinishing Technology, 2017, 37 (13): 28-32
[2] xiaoling yang, lanfang rwiyo, Zhengli jin, et al. Chimiro chekushandisa uye tarisiro yechiedza tekinoroji yekuwedzera michero yemichero uye miriwo [j]. Northern Horticulture, 2018 (17): 166-170
[3] xiaying liu, zhigang xu, xuelei jiao, et al. Tsvagurudzo uye chimiro chekushandisa uye chirongwa chekuvandudza chirimwa chinovhenekera [j]. Chinyorwa cheChijini Chiedza, 013, 24 (4): 1-7
[4] Jing Xie, Hou Cheng Liu, Wei Song Shi, et Al. Kushandisa kwechiedza sosi uye kureruka mhando kutonga mune greenhouse miriwo kugadzirwa [j]. Chinese Vegetable, 2012 (2): 1-7