Munyori: Changji Zhou, Hongbo Li, nezvimwe.

Chitubu cheChinyorwa: Tekinoroji yeUinjiniya hweKurima kweGreenhouse

Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yekuyedza yeHaidian District Agricultural Science Institute, pamwe neHaidian Agricultural High-tech Exhibition and Science Park. Muna 2017, munyori akatungamira kuunzwa kwegreenhouse yepurasitiki ine firimu remhando dzakasiyana ine insulation yakawanda kubva kuSouth Korea. Parizvino, Director Zheng vakaichinja kuita greenhouse yekugadzira mastrawberry inobatanidza tekinoroji, kuona nzvimbo nekutora, kuzorora uye varaidzo. Inonzi "5G Cloud Strawberry", uye ndichakutorai kuti muzvionere pamwe chete.

Kudyara Strawberry Greenhouse uye Mashandisirwo Ayo Munzvimbo

Sherufu yestrawberry inosimudzwa uye sisitimu yekurembera

Nzira yekurima uye yekurima

Nzvimbo yekurima inoisa mvura nedhiraivha pasi penzvimbo yekurima, uye mupendero unosimudzwa kunze pakati penzvimbo yepasi penzvimbo yekurima munzira refu (kubva mukati menzvimbo yekurima, mugero wepasi unoumbwa pasi). Mvura huru inoenda kunzvimbo yekurima inoiswa zvakananga mugomba iri repasi, uye mvura inobviswa kubva panzvimbo yekurima inounganidzwawo mugomba iri zvakaenzana, uye pakupedzisira inoburitswa kubva kumugumo wenzvimbo yekurima.

Zvakanakira kudyara mastrawberry nehari yekurima ndezvekuti pasi pehari yekurima pakaparadzaniswa nepasi penzvimbo yekurima, uye mvura yakakwira haizoumbike muchikamu chezasi chehari, uye mhepo yese yehari inovandudzwa; Ichapararira nekuyerera kwemvura yekudiridza; chechitatu, hapazovi nekubuda kwemvura kana nzvimbo yekurima yaiswa muhari yekurima, uye sherufu yekurima yakatsvinda uye yakanaka yese. Dambudziko renzira iyi nderekuti kudiridza nemadonhwe uye kudyara hari yekurima kunowedzera mari mukuvaka michina.

Kukura kwenzvimbo dzemigodhi nehari

Kukura kweraki yekurembera nekusimudza sisitimu

Sisitimu yekurembera nekusimudza yesherufu yekurima yakafanana neyesherufu yekurima yestrawberry. Buckle yekurembera yeslot yekurima inotenderedza slot yekurima, uye inobatanidza buckle yekurembera nevhiri rekudzokera shure nesikuruu yemaruva inogadziriswa yakareba (inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kuenzana kwekukwirira kweslot yekurima). Pachord yepasi, rimwe divi rakamonerwa pavhiri rakabatana neshaft yedhiraivha yemota inodzora.

Kukura kwesherufu yekurembera sisitimu

Zvichienderana nehurongwa hwese hwekugadzirisa nzvimbo, kuitira kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zvechimiro chakakosha chenzvimbo yekurima uye zvinodiwa zvekuona nzvimbo, zvimwe zvishandiso nezvivakwa zvakagadzirwawo nenzira itsva pano.

(1) Chigadziko chesherufu yekurima. Chigadziko chekurembera chesherufu yekurima chinotanga chakaita sechisungo chakavharwa, chinoumbwa nekukotamisa nekubatanidza waya yesimbi. Chikamu chechikamu chimwe nechimwe chebhakoro rekurembera chakafanana, uye hunhu hwemuchina hwacho hwakafanana; Chikamu chepasi chemugero chinoshandisawo kukotamisa kwehafu-denderedzwa; chechitatu ndechekupeta pakati pebhakoro kuita kona yakapinza, uye bhakoro repamusoro rinonamirwa zvakananga panzvimbo yekukotamisa, izvo zvisingangovimbisi chete kuti nzvimbo yekukwevera simba yemugero wekurima igare yakasimba, asiwo hazviitiki kushanduka kwemativi, uye zvinoitawo kuti bhakoro ribatike zvakavimbika uye haritsvedzeri kana kutsemuka.

Kukura kwesherufu bhandi

(2) Tambo yekurembera yekuchengetedza. Zvichienderana nehurongwa hwekurembera hwechinyakare, imwe seti yehurongwa hwekurembera yekuchengetedza inoiswa 6m yega yega pakureba kwenzvimbo yekurima. Zvinodiwa zvehurongwa hwekurembera yekuchengetedza yekuchengetedza ndeyekutanga, kuti ishande pamwe chete nehurongwa hwekurembera hwedhiraivha; chechipiri, kuve nekukwanisa kwakakwana kwekutakura. Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zvataurwa pamusoro apa, seti yehurongwa hwekurembera hwechitubu inotenderera yakagadzirwa uye yakasarudzwa kuti idzore tambo yekurembera yenzvimbo yekurima. Chinorembera chechitubu chakarongwa pamwe chete netambo yekurembera yekutyaira, uye chinorembera uye chakasungirirwa pachord yepasi pegreenhouse truss.

Sisitimu Yekuwedzera Yekuchengetedza

Midziyo yekubatsira yekugadzira rack yekurima

(1) Sisitimu yekuisa makadhi emiti. Sisitimu yekuisa makadhi emiti yataurwa pano inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: bracket yekuisa makadhi emiti netambo yesirivha ine ruvara. Pakati pazvo, bracket yekuisa makadhi emiti iboka rine kadhi rakapetwa rakakombama uye rakaita seU uye kadhi rakaita seU rine tsvimbo mbiri dzemiganhu. Pasi nehafu yepasi yekadhi rakapetwa rakaita seU zvinoenderana nehukuru hwenzvimbo yekurima, uye rinotenderedza nzvimbo yekurima kubva pasi; mushure mekunge matavi aro maviri adarika nzvimbo yakavhurika yenzvimbo yekurima, ita kona yekubatanidza tsvimbo mbiri dzemiganhu, uye zvakare inoita basa rekudzivirira kutendeuka kwekuvhurwa kwenzvimbo yekurima; kona kadiki kakaita seU kakatenderera kumusoro, kanoshandiswa kugadzirisa tambo yekuparadzanisa mashizha emichero emastrawberry; chikamu chepamusoro chekadhi rakaita seU kona kakaita seW yekubatanidza matavi estrawberry netambo yekukama mashizha. Kadhi rakapetwa rakaita seU uye tsvimbo mbiri dzemiganhu zvese zvinoumbwa nekukombama waya yesimbi yakabatidzwa.

Tambo yekuparadzanisa mashizha emichero inoshandiswa kuunganidza matavi nemashizha estrawberry mukati mehupamhi hwepaburi renzvimbo yekurima, uye kuturika muchero westrawberry kunze kwenzvimbo yekurima, izvo zvisiri nyore chete pakukohwa michero, asiwo zvinodzivirira strawberry kubva mukupfapfaidza zvakananga nemishonga yemvura, uye zvinogona kuvandudza kunaka kwekushongedza kwekudyara strawberry.

Sisitimu yekuisa makadhi ezvirimwa

(2) rack yero inofamba. Rack yero inofambiswa yakagadzirwa nemazvo, kureva kuti, danda rakamira rekurembedza mapuranga eyero nebhuruu rinosungirirwa pa tripod, iyo inogona kuiswa zvakananga pasi pegreenhouse uye inogona kutamiswa chero nguva.

(3) Mota yekudzivirira zvirimwa inotyaira yega. Mota iyi inogona kunge iine sprayer yekudzivirira zvirimwa, kureva kuti, sprayer yekutyaira otomatiki, iyo inogona kuita mabasa ekudzivirira zvirimwa pasina vanoishandisa mukati meimba zvichienderana nenzira yakarongwa nekombuta, iyo inogona kuchengetedza hutano hwevanoisa greenhouse.

zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza zvirimwa

Sisitimu Yekugovera Zvinovaka Muviri Uye Yekudiridza

Sisitimu yekuisira zvinovaka muviri uye yekudiridza yepurojekiti iyi yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: chimwe chikamu chekugadzirira mvura yakachena; chechipiri sisitimu yekudiridza nemafetireza emastrawberry; chechitatu sisitimu yekudzokorodza mvura yekurima mastrawberry. Midziyo yekugadzira mvura yakachena uye sisitimu yekudiridza zvinovaka muviri zvinonzi pamwe chete musoro wekudiridza, uye michina yekupa nekudzosera mvura kuzvirimwa inonzi michina yekudiridza.

Sisitimu Yekugovera Zvinovaka Muviri Uye Yekudiridza

Kumberi kwekudiridza

Midziyo yekugadzirira mvura yakachena inofanira kunge iine mafirita ejecha nematombo kuti ibvise jecha, uye michina yekunyorovesa mvura kuti ibvise munyu. Mvura yakachena yakasefetwa uye yakanyoroveswa inochengetwa mutangi rekuchengetera kuti ishandiswe gare gare.

Midziyo yekugadzirisa mushonga wezvekudya inowanzo sanganisira matangi matatu ezvekudya zvemafetiraiza A neB, uye tangi reacid rekugadzirisa pH, uye seti yevasanganiswa vefetereza. Munguva yekushanda, mhinduro yemuto mumatangi A, B netangi reacid inogadzirwa uye inosanganiswa zvakaenzana nemuchina wefetereza zvichienderana nefomura yakatarwa kuti igadzire mhinduro yezvekudya zvisina kuchena, uye mhinduro yezvekudya isina kuchena inogadziriswa nemuchina wefetereza inochengetwa mutangi rekuchengetera mhinduro yemuto kuti igare yakamira.

Midziyo yekugadzira mhinduro yemuviri

Kupa mvura uye nzira yekudzosa kudyara masitrobheri

Nzira yekuisira mvura nekudzorera mastrawberry inoshandisa nzira yekuisira mvura pamwe chete nekudzosa pamucheto wenzvimbo yekurima. Sezvo nzvimbo yekurima inoshandisa nzira yekusimudza nekurembera, nzira mbiri dzinoshandiswa dzemapaipi emvura nekudzorera enzvimbo yekurima: imwe ipombi yakasimba; imwe ipombi inochinjika inofamba ichikwira nekudzika nenzvimbo yekurima. Munguva yekudiridza nekufefetera, mvura inobva mutangi remvura rakachena netangi rekuchengetera mvura rakasviba inotumirwa kumuchina wakabatanidzwa wemvura nefetereza kuti isanganiswe zvichienderana nechiyero chakatarwa (nzira iri nyore inogona kushandisa chinoshandisa fetereza chakaenzana, senge Venturi, nezvimwewo, chinogona kushandiswa nemagetsi kana kuti chisina simba rinofambiswa) uye yozotumirwa pamusoro penzvimbo yekurima kuburikidza nepombi huru yekuisira mvura (pombi huru yekuisira mvura inoiswa pagreenhouse truss iri pamucheto wegreenhouse), uye hosipaipi yerabha inochinjika inotungamira mvura yekudiridza kubva papombi huru yekuisira mvura kusvika kumagumo eraki yega yega yekurima, yozobatanidzwa nepaipi yebazi remvura iri munzvimbo yekurima. Mapaipi emvura ari munzvimbo yekurima akarongwa pamwe chete nehurefu hwenzvimbo yekurima, uye munzira, mapaipi emvura anobatanidzwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yenzvimbo yekurima, uye zvinovaka muviri zvinodonhedzwa pakati pehari yekurima kuburikidza nemapaipi emvura. Mvura yakawandisa inobuda muvhu inodururwa munzvimbo yekurima kuburikidza negomba remvura riri pasi pehari yekurima uye inounganidzwa mugomba remvura riri pasi penzvimbo yekurima. Gadzirisa kukwirira kwenzvimbo yekurima kuti iite kuyerera kunogara kuripo kubva kune rimwe divi kuenda kune rimwe. Pamateru akatsetseka, mvura yekudiridza inounganidzwa kubva pasi penzvimbo inozopedzisira yaungana kusvika kumagumo enzvimbo. Mugero unorongwa pamagumo enzvimbo yekurima kuti ubatanidze tangi rekubatanidza remvura yekudzosa, uye pombi yekudzosa mvura inosanganiswa pasi petangi rekuunganidza, uye mvura yekudzosa inounganidzwa inozounganidzwa uye inoburitswa mutangi rekudzorera mvura.

Kudiridza mvura uye nzira yekudzosa mvura

Kushandiswa kwemvura inodzoserwa

Iyi mvura yekudiridza yegreenhouse haishandisi nzira yekutenderera yakavharika yesystem yekugadzira mastrawberry, asi inounganidza mvura yekudiridza kubva panzvimbo yekudyara mastrawberry uye inoishandisa zvakananga kudyara miriwo yekushongedza. Nzvimbo imwecheteyo yekurima yakagara yakamira sekurima mastrawberry yakaiswa pamadziro mana ekunze kwegreenhouse, uye nzvimbo yekurima yakazadzwa ne substrate yekurima kurima miriwo yekushongedza. Mvura yekudiridza yemastrawberry inodiridzwa zvakananga kune iyi miriwo yekushongedza, inoshandisa mvura yakachena mutangi rekuchengetera kudiridza zuva nezuva. Pamusoro pezvo, mvura inoyerera nemapombi ekudzosa enzvimbo yekurima zvinosanganiswa kuita chimwe chete mukugadzirwa kwemapombi ekudzosa mvura neekudzosa. Nzira yekudiridza yemvura inoshandiswa munzvimbo yekurima. Munguva yekugovera mvura, vharuvhu yepombi yekugovera mvura inovhurwa uye vharuvhu yepombi yekudzosa inovharwa. Vharuvhu yepombi inovharwa uye vharuvhu yekudhonza mvura inovhurika. Nzira iyi yekudiridza inochengetedza mapaipi ebazi remvura yekudiridza nemapombi madiki munzvimbo yekurima, inochengetedza mari, uye haina chekuita nekugadzirwa kwemiriwo yekushongedza.

Kurima Muriwo Wekushongedza Uchishandisa Mvura Inodzoka

Greenhouse nenzvimbo dzekutsigira

Greenhouse iyi yakaunzwa kubva kuSouth Korea muna 2017. Kureba kwayo i47m, upamhi i23m, nenzvimbo yese ye1081 m² . Hurefu hwegreenhouse hunosvika 7m, bay hunosvika 3m, kukwirira kwe eves hunosvika 4.5m, uye kukwirira kweridge hunosvika 6.4m, hune mativi matatu nemabay gumi nemashanu. Kuti greenhouse iwedzere kudziya kwekupisa, 1m yakafara thermal insulation corridor yakatenderedza greenhouse, uye jira remukati rine mativi maviri rinodziya rakagadzirwa. Munguva yekuchinja kwechimiro, machord akatwasuka ari pamusoro pemakoramu pakati pemativi egreenhouse yekutanga akatsiviwa nematanda etruss.

Chimiro cheGreenhouse

Kugadziriswazve kwe greenhouse thermal insulation system kunochengetedza dhizaini yekutanga ye thermal insulation system yedenga nemadziro ne double internal thermal insulation. Zvisinei, mushure memakore matatu ekushanda, mumvuri we insulation wekutanga wakasakara zvishoma uye wakakuvara. Mukugadziriswa kwe greenhouse, maketeni ese e insulation akagadziriswazve uye akatsiviwa nema acrylic cotton insulation quilts, ayo akareruka uye anodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya, akagadzirwa mumba. Kubva pakushanda chaiko, majoini anopindirana pakati pemaketeni e insulation edenga, madziro e insulation quilt ne denga re insulation quilt zvinopindirana, uye system yese ye insulation yakavharwa zvakasimba.

Sisitimu Yekudzivirira Mvura Yegirinhi

Kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinodiwa nechiedza kuti zvirimwa zvikure, sisitimu yechiedza chekuwedzera yakawedzerwa pakugadzirisa greenhouse. Chiedza chekuwedzera chinoshandisa sisitimu yemwenje ye LED, mwenje wega wega we LED une simba re50 W, ronga makoramu maviri pahurefu hwese. Nzvimbo yemwenje wega wega wekoramu i3m. Simba remwenje rese i4.5 kW, yakaenzana ne4.61 W/m² pachikamu chimwe nechimwe. Kupenya kwechiedza kwekukwirira kwe1m kunogona kusvika kupfuura 2000 lx.

Panguva imwe chete yekuisa mwenje yekuwedzera yeplnat, mutsetse wemwenje yeUVB unoiswawo pahurefu hwega hwega ne space ye 2 m, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakubvisa hutachiona mumhepo iri mugreenhouse. Simba remwenje weUVB mumwe chete i 40 W, uye simba rese rakaiswa i 4.36 kW, yakaenzana ne 4.47 W/m² pachikamu chimwe nechimwe.

Sisitimu yekupisa yegreenhouse inoshandisa pombi yekupisa yemhepo yakachena nharaunda, iyo inotumira mhepo inopisa mugreenhouse kuburikidza neheat exchanger. Simba rese repombi yekupisa yemhepo iri mugreenhouse i210kW, uye mayuniti makumi matatu nemasere emafeni ekuchinjana kupisa akagoverwa zvakaenzana mukamuri. Kupisa kwefeni yega yega i5.5kw, izvo zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha yemhepo iri mugreenhouse iri pamusoro pe5℃ pasi petembiricha yekunze ye -15℃ pazuva rinotonhora zvakanyanya muBeijing, nokudaro zvichiita kuti mastrawberry abudiswe zvakanaka mugreenhouse.

Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti tembiricha yemhepo nehunyoro zvakafanana mugreenhouse uye kuti pave nekufamba kwemhepo mukati, greenhouse inewo feni inotenderera mhepo yakatwasuka. Mafeni anotenderera akarongwa pakati pegreenhouse span ine nzvimbo ye18 m, uye simba refeni imwe chete i0.12 kW.

Greenhouse inotsigira michina yekudzora zvakatipoteredza

Ruzivo rwekutsanangura:

Changji Zhou, Hongbo, Li, He Zheng, etc.Dr. Zhou vakaongorora Shiling (One Hundred and Twenty Six) strawberry hanger inosimudzwa yemhando yekushanyira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzinotsigira nemidziyo [J]. Agricultural Engineering Technology,2022,42(7):36-42.