Munyori: Changji Zhou, Hongbo Li, nezvimwe.

Chinyorwa Source: Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology

Iyi ndiyo nheyo yekuedza yeHaidian District Agricultural Science Institute, pamwe neHaidian Agricultural High-tech Exhibition uye Science Park.Muna 2017, munyori akatungamira kuunzwa kweakawanda-span epurasitiki firimu bvunzo greenhouse ine yakakwira yekupisa yekupisa kubva kuSouth Korea.Parizvino, Director Zheng vakaishandura kuita sitiroberi yekugadzira greenhouse inobatanidza tekinoroji kuratidza, kuona nzvimbo uye kunhonga, nhandaro uye varaidzo.Inonzi "5G Cloud Strawberry", uye ini ndichakutora kuti uzvione pamwe chete.

Strawberry Greenhouse Kudyara uye Nzvimbo Yayo Kushandiswa

Inosimudzwa sitirobheri sherufu uye yakarembera system

Kurimwa slot uye nzira yekurima

Nzvimbo yekurima inonangidzira kugovera kwemvura uye madhiraini pazasi penzvimbo yekurima, uye mupendero unosimudzwa kunze pakati pepasi penzvimbo yekurima munzira refu (kubva mukati menzvimbo yekurima, gorofu rezasi. inoumbwa pazasi).Iyo huru yemvura inoiswa kunzvimbo yekurima inoradzikwa zvakananga mugomba iri rezasi, uye mvura yakanyudzwa kubva pakurima inounganidzwa zvakare mugomba iri zvakafanana, uye pakupedzisira inoburitswa kubva kune imwe mugumo wenzvimbo yekurima.

Zvakanakira kudyara sitirobheni nehari yekurima ndeyekuti pasi pehari yekurima inoparadzaniswa kubva pasi penzvimbo yekurima, uye aquifer yakakwirira haizogadzirike muchikamu chezasi che substrate, uye kufefetera kwese kweiyo. substrate inovandudzwa;Ichapararira nekuyerera kwemvura yekudiridza;chechitatu, hapazove nekudonha kana iyo substrate yakaiswa muhari yekurima, uye sherufu yekurima yakanaka uye yakanaka chose.Kuipa kweiyi nzira kunonyanya kudonhedza kudiridza nekurima hari yekudyara kunowedzera mari mukuvaka midziyo.

Kukura slots nemapoto

Kurimwa rack kurembera uye kusimudza system

Iyo yekurembera nekusimudza sisitimu yesherufu yekurima yakangofanana neiyo yechinyakare strawberry inosimudza kurima sherufu.Buckle inorembera yenzvimbo yekurima inotenderedza nzvimbo yekurima, uye inobatanidza bhagi rakarembera uye vhiri rekudzokera kumashure neinogadzirika-kureba yeruva rebasket screw (inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kuenderana kwehurefu hwekuisa kweiyo slot yekurima).Pane yakaderera chord, imwe magumo yakakuvadzwa pavhiri rakabatana nedhiraivha shaft yemotor reducer.

Kurima sherufu yekurembera system

Pahwaro hweyakazara universal hanger system, kuitira kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zveyakasarudzika-chikamu chimiro chekurima slot uye zvinodiwa zvekuona yekuona, zvimwe zvishongedzo zvemunhu uye zvivakwa zvakagadzirirwawo hunyanzvi pano.

(1) Kurimwa sherefu hanger.Kurembera kwesherufu yekurima kunotanga kuvharwa-loop buckle, iyo inoumbwa nekukotama uye kubatanidza waya yesimbi.Muchinjikwa-chikamu chechikamu chimwe nechimwe chekurembera buckle chakafanana, uye michina yemagetsi inopindirana;Iyo yepasi chikamu cheiyo slot zvakare inotora inoenderana semi-denderedzwa bending;yechitatu ndeyekupeta pakati pebheji kuita kona yakaoma, uye bhagi rekumusoro rakasungirirwa zvakananga panzvimbo yekukotama, izvo zvisingaite chete kuti nzvimbo yakagadzikana yegiravhiti yekurima slot, asi zvakare haina kuitika lateral deformation, uye inovimbisawo kuti bhandi rakasungirirwa zvakavimbika uye harizotsvedzeki uye kuparara.

Kurima sherufu buckle

(2) Tambo yakarembera yakachengeteka.Pahwaro hwechinyakare chekurembera system, imwe seti yekuwedzera yekuchengetedza yakaturika system inoiswa yega 6m paurefu hwekurima slot.Zvinodiwa zvekuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwekurembera system ndezvekutanga, kumhanya zvakangofanana nedhiraivha yekurembera system;chechipiri, kuva nekwanisi yekutakura yakakwana.Kuti zvizadzise zviri pamusoro zvinoshanda zvinodiwa, seti yechirimo inomonereka mudziyo wekurembera inogadzirwa uye inosarudzwa kudzoreredza tambo yakarembera yekurima slot.Chitubu chemhepo chinorongedzerwa chakafanana nechairi tambo yekurembera, uye inosungirirwa uye yakagadziriswa pazasi chord yegreenhouse truss.

Kuwedzera Kuchengetedza Kumiswa System

Midziyo yekubatsira yekugadzira yekurima rack

(1) Plant carding system.Iyo planting carding system inotaurwa pano inonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: bhuroketi yemakadhi emiti uye tambo yesirivha ine ruvara.Pakati pazvo, bhuroketi remakadhi echirimwa igungano rinoumbwa nekadhi rakakotama uye rakazara U-yakapetwa kadhi uye kadhi rakaumbwa neU rine tambo mbiri.Chikamu chepasi nechepazasi chekadhi rakapetwa rakaumbwa neU rinoenderana nezviyero zvekunze zvekurimisa, uye kutenderedza nzvimbo yekurima kubva pasi;mushure mekunge matavi ayo maviri adarika nzvimbo yakazaruka yekurima slot, ita bend kuti ubatanidze matanda maviri emuganhu, uye zvakare inotamba basa rekudzora deformation yekuvhurwa kweiyo slot yekurima;idiki diki rakakotama rakakotama kumusoro, rinoshandiswa kugadzirisa tambo yekuparadzanisa mashizha emuchero westrawberries;chikamu chepamusoro chekadhi rakaumbwa neU ibhende rakafanana neW rekugadzirisa matavi estrawberry uye mashizha ekukama tambo.Kadhi rakapetwa kadhi rakaumbwa neU uye tsvimbo yakapetwa kaviri inoumbwa nekupeta waya yesimbi.

Tambo yekuparadzanisa mashizha emuchero inoshandiswa kuunganidza matavi nemashizha estrawberry mukati mehupamhi hwekuvhurwa kwenzvimbo yekurima, uye kurembera muchero westrawberry kunze kwenzvimbo yekurima, iyo isiri nyore chete kunhonga michero, asiwo kudzivirira sitirobheri kubva. iyo yakananga kupfapfaidza yemushonga wemvura, uye inogona kuvandudza kunaka kwekudyara sitirobheri.

Plant carding system

(2) rack yero inofambisa.Raka yero inofambiswa yakanyatsogadzirwa, kureva kuti, danda rakamira rekurembera yero uye yebhuruu mapuranga akaiswa patripod, iyo inogona kuiswa yakananga pagreenhouse pasi uye inogona kutamiswa chero nguva.

(3) Motokari inodzivirira chirimwa inozvityaira.Mota iyi inogona kuve yakashongedzerwa nechirimwa chekudzivirira sprayer, kureva, otomatiki kutyaira sprayer, iyo inogona kuita mabasa ekudzivirira chirimwa pasina vashandisi mukati memukati zvinoenderana nekombuta yakarongwa nzira, iyo inogona kuchengetedza hutano hwevanoshandisa greenhouse.

midziyo yekudzivirira chirimwa

Nutrient Supply and Irrigation System

Mushonga wekugadzirisa kudya uye kudiridza kwechirongwa ichi chakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvitatu: imwe ndiyo chikamu chekugadzirira mvura yakajeka;yechipiri ndiyo yekudiridza sitirobheri uye fetiraiza system;yechitatu ndiyo mvura yekudzokorodza sisitimu yekurima sitirobheri.Midziyo yekugadzirira kwemvura yakachena uye hurongwa hwekugadzirisa zvinovaka muviri hunonzi pamwe chete semusoro wekudiridza, uye midziyo yekupa nekudzorera mvura kune zvirimwa inonzi midziyo yekudiridza.

Nutrient Supply and Irrigation System

Irrigation pamberi

Midziyo yekugadzirira mvura yakachena inofanira kazhinji kunge ine jecha nemasefa ematombo ekubvisa jecha, nemidziyo yekupfavisa mvura kubvisa munyu.Mvura yakachena yakasefa uye yakapfava inochengetwa mutangi rokuchengetera kuti ishandiswe gare gare.

Midziyo yekumisikidza yemhinduro yezvikafu inowanzo sanganisira matangi matatu emagetsi eA neB mafetireza, uye tangi yeasidhi yekugadzirisa pH, uye seti yemafetereza musanganiswa.Munguva yekushanda, iyo stock solution mumatangi A, B uye acid tank inogadziriswa uye yakasanganiswa muchikamu nemuchina wefetereza zvinoenderana neyakagadzikwa fomula kuti igadzire mbishi kudya kunovaka muviri mhinduro, uye yakasvibirira inovaka muviri yakagadziriswa nemushini wefetereza inochengetwa muchitoro. mhinduro tangi yekuchengetedza yekumira-ne.

Nutrient solution kugadzirira michina

Mvura inopihwa uye yekudzoka system yekudyara sitiroberi

Iyo mvura yekugovera uye yekudzoka sisitimu yekudyara sitiroberi inotora nzira yepakati pekupa mvura uye kudzoka kune imwe magumo ekurima slot.Sezvo slot yekurima inotora nzira yekusimudza uye yekurembera, mafomu maviri anoshandiswa pakugovera mvura uye kudzorera pombi dzenzvimbo yekurima: imwe ipombi yakagadzika yakaoma;imwe yacho ipombi inochinjika inofamba ichikwira nekudzika nechinorimwa.Munguva yekudiridza uye fetiraiza, iyo yemvura inopihwa kubva kumvura yakachena tangi uye mbishi yekuchengetera tangi inotumirwa kumvura uye fetireza yakasanganiswa muchina wekusanganisa zvinoenderana neyakaiswa ratio (nzira iri nyore inogona kushandisa proportional fetireza applicator, senge Venturi. , nezvimwewo, izvo zvinogona kufambiswa kana kusatyairwa simba) uye zvino kutumirwa kumusoro kwekurima hanger kuburikidza nepombi huru yekupa mvura (pombi huru yemvura inoiswa pane greenhouse truss pamwe nepakati peiyo greenhouse), uye iyo flexible rubber hose inotungamirira mvura yekudiridza kubva papombi huru yekupa mvura kusvika kumagumo ega rega rekurima, wozobatanidza kune pombi yemvura yebazi yakaiswa munzvimbo yekurima.Mapaipi ebazi rekupa mvura munzvimbo yekurima akarongwa pamwe nekureba kwenzvimbo yekurima, uye munzira, mapaipi ekudonha anobatanidzwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yegadziriro yehari yekurima, uye chikafu chinodonhedzwa mukati mekurima. poto nepapombi dzinodonha.Mushonga wekudya wakawandisa wakaburitswa kubva muchikamu chepasi unodirwa mugomba rekurima nemugomba remvura riri pazasi pehari yekurima uye unounganidzwa mugoronga remvura riri pazasi penzvimbo yekurima.Gadzirisa kureba kwekuiswa kweiyo slot yekurima kuti iite kuyerera kunoramba kuripo kubva kune rumwe rutivi kuenda kune rumwe.Pamateru akatenuka, mvura yekudiridza inodzosa yakaunganidzwa kubva pasi peporiyo inozopedzisira yaungana kumagumo kwenzvimbo.Kuvhura kunorongwa kumagumo ekurima slot kuti ubatanidze tangi yekubatanidza yemvura inodzosa, uye pombi yemvura inodzosa yakabatana pasi petangi rekuunganidza, uye iyo yakaunganidzwa inodzoreredza mvura inozounganidzwa uye inoburitswa mutangi remvura rekudzoka.

Mvura yekudiridza uye nzira yekudzoka

Kushandiswa kwemvura yekudzoka

Iyi greenhouse yekudiridza inodzosa mvura haishandisi yakavharwa-loop kutenderera kweiyo sitiroberi kugadzirwa kwehurongwa, asi inounganidza inodzoka mvura kubva kune sitirobheri kudyara slot uye inoishandisa zvakananga kudyara miriwo yekushongedza.Iyo yakafanana yakagadziriswa kureba yekurima slot sekurima sitirobheri yakaiswa pamadziro mana ekutenderera kwegreenhouse, uye nzvimbo yekurima inozadzwa nekurima substrate kukura miriwo yekushongedza.Mvura inodzoka yestrawberries inodiridzwa zvakananga kune iyi miriwo yekushongedza, inoshandisa mvura yakachena muchigadziko chekuchengetedza kwekudiridza kwezuva nezuva.Uye zvakare, iyo yekupa mvura uye yekudzoka pombi yekurima slot inosanganiswa kuita imwe mukugadzirwa kwemvura uye pombi dzekudzoka.Kudiridza kwemvura kunogamuchirwa munzvimbo yekurima.Munguva yenguva yemvura, vheji yepombi yemvura inovhurwa uye valve yepombi yekudzoka yakavharwa.Ivhavha yepombi yakavharwa uye valve yekudhonza yakazaruka.Iyi nzira yekudiridza inoponesa mapaipi ekudiridza emvura yebazi uye mapombi epaipi munzvimbo yekurima, inochengetedza mari, uye haina kukanganisa pakugadzirwa kwemiriwo yekushongedza.

Kurima Ornamental Vegetables Uchishandisa return Liquid

Greenhouse uye zvivakwa zvinotsigira

Iyo greenhouse yakatengeswa kubva kuSouth Korea yakazara muna 2017. Kureba kwayo 47m, hupamhi ndeye 23m, ine nzvimbo yose ye1081 m.² .Kureba kwegreenhouse ndeye 7m, bay i3m, kureba kwe eaves i4.5m, uye kureba kweridge i6.4m, ine yakazara 3 spans uye 15 bays.Kuti uwedzere kupisa kwekupisa kwegreenhouse, 1m yakafara yekuvharisa corridor yakaiswa yakatenderedza greenhouse, uye yemukati kaviri-layer thermal insulation keteni rakagadzirwa.Munguva yekushandurwa kwemaitiro, mitsara yakatwasuka pamusoro pembiru pakati pepakati peiyo yekutanga greenhouse yakatsiviwa nematanda etruss.

Greenhouse chimiro

Kugadziridzwa kweiyo greenhouse thermal insulation system inochengetedza dhizaini yepakutanga yeiyo thermal insulation system yedenga uye madziro ine mbiri yemukati yekupisa yekupisa.Nekudaro, mushure memakore matatu ekushanda, yekutanga insulation mambure emumvuri aive achembera uye akakuvadzwa.Mukugadziridzwa kwegreenhouse, maketeni ese ekudzivirira akagadziridzwa uye akatsiviwa ne acrylic cotton insulation quilts, iyo yakareruka uye yakawanda thermally insulated, yakagadzirwa mudzimba.Kubva pakushanda chaiko, majoini anopindirana pakati pemaketeni ekuvhara denga, madziro ekuvhara madziro uye denga rekuvhara quilt rinopindirana, uye iyo yese yekuvharisa system yakavharwa zvakasimba.

Greenhouse Insulation System

Kuti ive nechokwadi chechiedza chinodiwa pakukura kwezvirimwa, imwe yekuwedzera mwenje system yakawedzerwa mukugadziridzwa kwegreenhouse.Iyo yekuwedzera mwenje inotora biological effect LED mwenje sisitimu, yega yega LED inokura mwenje ine simba re 50 W, kuronga makoramu maviri paspan.Nzvimbo yemwenje yega yega ndeye 3m.Simba rose rechiedza ndeye 4.5 kW, yakaenzana ne4.61 W / m² per unit area.Kusimba kwechiedza che1m kureba kunogona kusvika kupfuura 2000 lx.

Panguva imwecheteyo yekuisa mwenje wekuwedzera weplnat, mutsara wemwenje weUVB unoiswawo pane imwe neimwe span ine spacing yemamita maviri, ayo anonyanya kushandiswa kuuraya hutachiona hwemhepo mugreenhouse.Simba rechiedza chimwe chete cheUVB i40 W, uye simba rese rakaiswa i4.36 kW, yakaenzana ne4.47 W/m.² per unit area.

The greenhouse kudziyisa hurongwa anoshandisa zvakawanda zvakatipoteredza yakachena simba mhepo sosi kupisa pombi, iyo inotumira inopisa mhepo kupinda girinihausi kuburikidza kupisa exchanger.Simba rose remhepo inopisa kupisa pombi mu greenhouse ndeye 210kW, uye 38 zvikamu zvemafeni ekutsinhanisa kupisa anogoverwa zvakaenzana muimba.Kupisa kwekupisa kwe fan yega yega i5.5kw, iyo inogona kuve nechokwadi chekushisa kwemhepo mugreenhouse iri pamusoro pe5 ℃ pasi pekunze tembiricha ye -15 ℃ pazuva rinotonhora zvakanyanya muBeijing, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi kugadzirwa kwakachengeteka kwestrawberry mugreenhouse.

Kuti ive nechokwadi chekufanana kwekushisa kwemhepo uye hunyoro mugreenhouse uye kugadzira kumwe kufamba kwemhepo mukati, iyo greenhouse inoshongedzerwa neyakachinjika kutenderera kwemhepo fan.Iwo mafeni anotenderera akarongedzerwa pakati pegreenhouse span ine nguva ye 18 m, uye simba reimwe fan i 0.12 kW.

Greenhouse inotsigira midziyo yekudzora zvakatipoteredza

Citation information:

Changji Zhou, Hongbo, Li, He Zheng, etc.Dr. Zhou vakaongorora Shiling (Guta neMakumi maviri Nenhanhatu) yekuona nzvimbo inosimudzwa sitirobheri hanger uye zvivako zvinotsigira nemidziyo[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology,2022,42(7):36-42.