[Abstract]Parizvino, michina yekudyara pamba inowanzo tora dhizaini yakabatanidzwa, iyo inounza kukanganisa kwakawanda pakufamba uye kurodha nekuburitsa.Zvichienderana nehunhu hwenzvimbo yekugara yevagari vemudhorobha uye chinangwa chekugadzira chirimwa chemhuri, chinyorwa ichi chinopa mhando nyowani yedhizaini yekudyara mhuri.Chigadzirwa chacho chine zvikamu zvina: hurongwa hwekutsigira, hurongwa hwekurima, mvura nefetereza system, uye chiedza chekuwedzera hurongwa (kunyanya, LED inokura magetsi).Iyo ine diki tsoka, yakakwira nzvimbo kushandiswa, chinyorwa chinyorwa, nyore disassembly uye kusangana, mutengo wakaderera, uye kuita kwakasimba.Inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvevagari vemumaguta nezve lettuce ye celery, inokurumidza miriwo, inovaka kabichi uye begonia fimbristipula.Mushure mekugadzirisa zvidiki-diki, inogona zvakare kushandiswa patsvakiridzo yesainzi yekudyara

Yakazara Dhizaini Yekurima Equipment

Design Principles

Mudziyo wekurima wakagadzirwa wakanyanya kunangana nevagari vemumaguta.Chikwata chakaongorora zvizere maitiro enzvimbo yekugara yevagari vemudhorobha.Nzvimbo idiki uye mwero wekushandisa nzvimbo wakakwira;chimiro chacho chitsva uye chakanaka;zviri nyore kuparadzanisa uye kuunganidza, nyore uye nyore kudzidza;ine mutengo wakaderera uye wakasimba practicability.Aya misimboti mana anomhanya muhurongwa hwese hwekugadzira, uye kuyedza kuzadzisa chinangwa chekupedzisira chekuenderana nemhoteredzo yemba, yakanaka uye ine hunhu chimiro, uye hupfumi uye hunoshanda kukosha kwekushandisa.

Zvishandiso zvekushandisa

Rutsigiro rwerutsigiro runotengwa kubva mumusika we-multi-layer sherefu chigadzirwa, 1.5 m kureba, 0.6 m paupamhi, uye 2.0 m kukwira.Iyo midziyo isimbi, yakapfapfaidzwa uye yakavharwa nengura, uye makona mana echitsigiro chepuranga akaiswa welded nemabhureki epasi rose mavhiri;iyo ribbed ndiro inosarudzwa kuti isimbise tsigiro furemu layer plate iyo inogadzirwa ne2 mm gobvu simbi ndiro ine spray-plastic anti-rust treatment, zvidimbu zviviri pachikamu.Mugero wekurima wakagadzirwa neakavhurika-cap PVC hydroponic square chubhu, 10 cm × 10 cm.Nyaya yacho yakaoma PVC board, ine ukobvu hwe2.4 mm.Kureba kwemakomba ekurimisa masendimita mashanu, uye nzvimbo yemakomba ekurima inosvika masendimita gumi.Mushonga wezvokudya zvinovaka muviri kana tangi yemvura inogadzirwa nebhokisi repurasitiki rine madziro emadziro 7 mm, nehupamhi hwemasendimita 120, hupamhi hwemasendimita makumi mashanu, uye hurefu hwemasendimita makumi maviri nemasere.

Kurima Chigadzirwa Chimiro Dhizaini

Zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwese hwekugadzira, chigadziriso chekudyara mhuri chine zvikamu zvina: tsigiro, sisitimu yekurima, mvura nefetereza system, uye mwenje wekuwedzera system (kunyanya, LED inokura mwenje).Kugoverwa muhurongwa kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.

Mufananidzo 1, kugovera muhurongwa kunoratidzwa mukati.

Tsigira system dhizaini

Sistimu yetsigiro yemudziyo wakafanogadzirwa wekurima mhuri inoumbwa nedanda rakatwasuka, danda neplate.Danda nedanda zvinopinzwa kuburikidza neshavishavi hole buckle, iri nyore kupatsanura nekuunganidza.Danda racho rakashongedzerwa nendiro yakasimbiswa yembabvu.Makona mana eforemu yekurima akasungwa nemavhiri epasi rose ane mabhureki kuti awedzere kushanduka kwekufamba kwemudziyo wekurima.

Kurimwa system dhizaini

Tangi yekurima ndeye 10 cm × 10 cm hydroponic square chubhu ine yakavhurika kavha dhizaini, iri nyore kuchenesa, uye inogona kushandiswa pakudyara mhinduro yekudyara, kurima substrate kana kurima ivhu.Mukurima kwekugadzirisa zvinovaka muviri, dengu rekudyara rinoiswa mugomba rekudyara, uye mbesa inogadziriswa nesiponji yezvinyorwa zvinoenderana.Kana iyo substrate kana ivhu rikarimwa, chipanje kana gauze chinoputirwa mumakomba ekubatanidza pamigumo yese yekurimisa kudzivirira substrate kana ivhu kuvharira dhizaini system.Iyo miviri migumo yetangi yekurima yakabatana neyekutenderera sisitimu nerubha hose ine dhayamita yemukati ye30 mm, iyo inonyatso kudzivirira kukanganisa kwekusimba kwechimiro kunokonzerwa nePVC glue bonding, iyo isingaite kufamba.

Mvura uye Fertilizer Circulation System Dhizaini

Mukurima kwekugadzirisa zvinovaka muviri, shandisa pombi inogadzirika kuwedzera mushonga wekudya kune chepamusoro-soro tangi yekurima, uye kudzora mafambiro emushonga wezvinovaka muviri kuburikidza neplug yemukati yePVC pombi.Kuti udzivise kuyerera kusina kuenzana kwemushonga wezvokudya, mushonga wezvokudya mugango rakafanana rekurima tangi rinotora unidirectional "S-shaped" nzira yekuyerera.Kuti uwedzere huwandu hweokisijeni yemushonga wezvinovaka muviri, kana iyo yakaderera dhizaini yemushonga inoyerera ichibuda, imwe gap inogadzirwa pakati pekubuda kwemvura uye mwero wemvura wetangi remvura.Mu substrate kana kurima kwevhu, tangi yemvura inoiswa pamusoro pepamusoro, uye kudiridza uye fetiraiza inoitwa kuburikidza neinodonha irrigation system.Iyo pombi huru ndeye dema PE pombi ine dhayamita ye32 mm uye kukora kwemadziro kwe 2.0 mm, uye pombi yebazi iri dema PE pombi ine dhayamita ye16 mm uye kukora kwemadziro 1.2 mm.Imwe neimwe pombi yebazi Isa vharafu yekudzora kwega.Museve wekudonhedza unoshandisa dzvinyiriro-inotsiviwa yakatwasuka museve dripper, 2 paburi, inopinzwa mumudzi wembeu mugomba rekurima.Mvura yakawandisa inounganidzwa kuburikidza nemuchina wemvura, inosefa uye inoshandiswa zvakare.

Light Supplement System

Kana mudziyo wekurima uchishandiswa kugadzira balcony, mwenje wechisikigo kubva pamhanza unogona kushandiswa pasina mwenje wekuwedzera kana diki rekuwedzera mwenje.Paunenge uchirima muimba yekutandarira, zvinodikanwa kuita dhizaini yekuwedzera mwenje.Iyo yekuvhenekesa mwenje ndeye 1.2 m kureba LED inokura mwenje, uye nguva yemwenje inodzorwa neotomatiki timer.Nguva yechiedza inoiswa ku14 h, uye isiri-yekuwedzera nguva yechiedza ndeye 10 h.Kune 4 mwenje we LED mune imwe neimwe layer, iyo yakaiswa pazasi peiyo layer.Iwo machubhu mana ari pachikamu chimwe chete akabatanidzwa munhevedzano, uye zvidimbu zvakabatanidzwa mukufanana.Zvinoenderana neakasiyana mwenje zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa zvakasiyana, mwenje we LED ane akasiyana spectrum anogona kusarudzwa.

Device Assembling

Chigadzirwa chekurima chemba chakagadzirirwa chiri nyore muchimiro (Mufananidzo 2) uye nzira yekuunganidza iri nyore.Padanho rekutanga, mushure mekuona kureba kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe maererano nehurefu hwezvirimwa zvinenge zvarimwa, isa danda mugomba reshavishavi repango rakatwasuka kuti rivake marangwanda emudziyo;munhanho yechipiri, gadzirisa LED kukura mwenje chubhu pane inosimbisa mbabvu kuseri kwechitubu, uye isa dhizaini mukati memukati memuchinjiko weforemu yekurima;danho rechitatu, dhishi rekurima uye mvura nefetereza inotenderera inobatanidzwa nehosi yerabha;danho rechina, isa iyo LED chubhu, isa otomatiki timer, uye isa tangi remvura;Yechishanu nhanho-system debugging, wedzera mvura kutangi remvura Mushure mekugadzirisa musoro wepombi uye kuyerera, tarisa mvura uye fetireza circulation system uye kubatana kwetangi rekurima rekudonha kwemvura, simba uye tarisa mwenje we LED kubatana uye kushanda. mamiriro e otomatiki timer.

Mufananidzo 2, dhizaini yakazara yechigadzirwa chakafanogadzirwa chekurima

Kushandisa uye Kuongorora

Kurimwa Application

Muna 2019, mudziyo uyu uchashandiswa kurima diki-diki mukati memuriwo senge lettuce, Chinese cabbage, uye celery (Mufananidzo 3).Muna 2020, pahwaro hwekupfupikisa chiitiko chekare chekurima, timu yeprojekiti yakagadzira organic substrate kurimwa kwechikafu nemishonga homologous muriwo uye inovaka muviri kurima tekinoroji yeBegonia fimbristipula hance, iyo yakapfumisa mienzaniso yekushandisa kumba kwechishandiso.Mumakore maviri apfuura ekurima nekushandisa, lettuce nemuriwo unokurumidza kukohwa unogona kukohwewa mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu mushure mekurima mukati mekushisa kwemukati kwe20-25 ℃;celery inoda kukura kwemazuva 35-40;Begonia fimbristipula Hance uye Chinese cabbage isingaperi miti inogona kukohwa kakawanda;Begonia fimbristipula inokwanisa kukohwa pamusoro pemasendimita gumi madzinde nemashizha mumazuva angangoita makumi matatu nemashanu, uye madzinde madiki nemashizha zvinogona kukohwewa mumazuva makumi mana nemashanu pakukura kabichi.Kana yakohwewa, chibereko che lettuce uye Chinese cabbage ndeye 100 ~ 150 g pamiti;chibereko chemuchena celery uye tsvuku celery pamiti ndeye 100 ~ 120 g;goho reBegonia fimbristipula Hance mukukohwa kwekutanga rakaderera, 20-30 g pachirimwa, uye nekuramba kumera kwemapazi emativi, inogona kukohwa kechipiri, nechinguva chemazuva gumi nemashanu uye zvibereko zve60- 80 g pachirimwa;goho remugodhi wezvokudya zvinovaka muviri ndeye 50-80 g, inokohwa kamwe chete mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu, uye inogona kukohwa nguva dzose.

Mufananidzo 3, Kugadzirwa kwekushandisa kweyakagadzirirwa kurima mudziyo

Application Effect

Mushure meanopfuura gore rekugadzira uye kushandiswa, mudziyo unogona kushandisa zvizere nzvimbo yetatu-dimensional yekamuri yekugadzira diki-diki yezvirimwa zvakasiyana.Kurodha nekuburitsa mabasa ayo ari nyore uye ari nyore kudzidza, uye hapana kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi kunodiwa.Nekugadzirisa kusimudza uye kubuda kwepombi yemvura, dambudziko rekuyerera kwakanyanya uye kuputika kwechikafu chekugadzirisa mutangi yekurima kunogona kudziviswa.Iyo yakavhurika yekuvhara dhizaini yekurima tangi haisi nyore kuchenesa mushure mekushandisa, asi zvakare nyore kutsiva kana zvishongedzo zvakuvadzwa.Tangi yekurima yakabatana nerabha hose yemvura uye fetiraiza kutenderera sisitimu, iyo inoziva modular dhizaini yetangi rekurima uye mvura uye fetireza kutenderera system, uye inodzivirira kuipa kweiyo yakabatanidzwa dhizaini mune yechinyakare hydroponic mudziyo.Pamusoro pezvo, chishandiso ichi chinogona kushandiswa kutsvagurudzo yesainzi pasi petembiricha inodzoreka uye mwando mamiriro ekuwedzera kune kurima zvirimwa zvemumba.Haisi kungochengetedza nzvimbo yekuedza, asiwo inosangana nezvinodiwa zvemamiriro ekugadzira, kunyanya kuwirirana kwenzvimbo yekukura kwemidzi.Mushure mekuvandudzwa kuri nyore, mudziyo wekurima unogona zvakare kusangana nezvinodiwa zveakasiyana nzira dzekurapa dzenzvimbo yerhizosphere, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukudyara kwesainzi kuyedza.

Chinyorwa chinyorwa: Wechat account yeAgricultural Engineering Technology (greenhouse horticulture) 

Ruzivo rwereferenzi: Wang Fei, Wang Changyi, Shi Jingxuan, et al.Dhizaini nekushandiswa kwemudziyo wakafanogadzirirwa kurima wemba[J].Agricultural Engineering Technology,2021,41(16):12-15.