[Pfupiso] Parizvino, michina yekudyara kumba inowanzo gadzira dhizaini yakabatana, iyo inounza kusagadzikana kukuru pakufamba, kurodha nekuburitsa zvinhu. Zvichibva pahunhu hwenzvimbo yekugara yevagari vemumaguta uye chinangwa chekugadzira zvirimwa zvemhuri, chinyorwa chino chinokurudzira rudzi rutsva rwekugadzira michina yekudyara yemhuri yakagadzirwa kare. Mudziyo uyu une zvikamu zvina: sisitimu yekutsigira, sisitimu yekurima, sisitimu yemvura nefetereza, uye sisitimu yekuwedzera chiedza (kunyanya, mwenje yekukura ye LED). Ine nzvimbo diki, kushandiswa kwenzvimbo kwakakwirira, chimiro chitsva, kupatsanurwa nekuunganidzwa kuri nyore, mutengo wakaderera, uye kushanda kwakasimba. Inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa nevagari vemumaguta nezve lettuce ye celery, muriwo unokurumidza, kabichi inovaka muviri uye begonia fimbristipula. Mushure mekushandurwa kudiki, inogona zvakare kushandiswa pakutsvagisa kwesainzi yezvirimwa.

Kugadzirwa Kwakazara Kwemidziyo Yekurima

Nheyo dzeKugadzira

Mudziyo wekurima wakagadzirwa kare unonyanya kuenderana nevagari vemumaguta. Chikwata chakaongorora zvizere hunhu hwenzvimbo yekugara yevagari vemumaguta. Nzvimbo yacho idiki uye mwero wekushandiswa kwenzvimbo wakakwira; chimiro chacho chitsva uye chakanaka; zviri nyore kupatsanura nekubatanidza, zviri nyore kudzidza; chine mutengo wakaderera uye chinoshanda nesimba. Mitemo iyi mina inopfuura nepakati pemagadzirirwo ese, uye inoedza kuzadzisa chinangwa chikuru chekuenderana nemamiriro epamba, chimiro chakanaka uye chakanaka, uye kukosha kwekushandisa kwakaderera uye kunoshanda.

Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa

Furemu yekutsigira inotengwa kubva kusherufu yemusika ine mativi akawanda, yakareba 1.5 m, yakafara 0.6 m, uye yakakwirira 2.0 m. Chinhu chacho chakagadzirwa nesimbi, chakapfapfaidzwa uye hachina ngura, uye makona mana efuremu yekutsigira akasungirirwa nemavhiri ebhureki; ndiro ine ribbed inosarudzwa kusimbisa plate yefuremu yekutsigira yakagadzirwa neplate yesimbi ine ukobvu hwe2 mm ine mushonga wekudzivirira ngura wespray-plastic, zvidimbu zviviri padanda rimwe nerimwe. Mugero wekurima wakagadzirwa nechubhu yePVC hydroponic square, 10 cm × 10 cm. Chinhu chacho chakaoma PVC board, ine ukobvu hwe2.4 mm. Dhayamita yemakomba ekurima i5 cm, uye nzvimbo yemakomba ekurima i10 cm. Tangi remvura kana tangi remvura rakagadzirwa nebhokisi repurasitiki rine ukobvu hwemadziro hwe7 mm, nehurefu hwe120 cm, upamhi hwe50 cm, uye hurefu hwe28 cm.

Kugadzira Chigadziro Chekugadzira Chishandiso

Zvichienderana nehurongwa hwese hwekugadzira, mudziyo wekurima wemhuri wakagadzirwa kare une zvikamu zvina: sisitimu yekutsigira, sisitimu yekurima, sisitimu yemvura nefetereza, uye sisitimu yekuwedzera chiedza (kunyanya, mwenje yekukura ye LED). Kupararira kwemuchina uyu kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.

Mufananidzo 1, kugoverwa kwehurongwa kunoratidzwa mu.

Dhizaini yehurongwa hwekutsigira

Sisitimu yekutsigira mudziyo wekurima wemhuri wakagadzirwa kare yakagadzirwa nedanda rakamira, danda neplate yejira. Danda nedanda zvinopinzwa kuburikidza nebhatani remabhururu, izvo zviri nyore kupatsanura nekubatanidza. Danda racho rine plate yerib yakasimbiswa. Makona mana efuremu yekurima akasungirirwa nemavhiri epasi rose ane mabhureki kuti awedzere kuchinjika kwekufamba kwemudziyo wekurima.

Kugadzira masisitimu ekurima

Tangi rekurima ichubhu yehydroponic square ye10 cm × 10 cm ine dhizaini yakavhurika yekuvhara, iri nyore kuchenesa, uye inogona kushandiswa pakurima mhinduro yekudyara, kurima substrate kana kurima ivhu. Mukurima mhinduro yekudyara, dengu rekudyara rinoiswa mugomba rekudyara, uye mbesa dzinoiswa nesiponji ine zvirevo zvinoenderana. Kana substrate kana ivhu richirimwa, siponji kana gauze zvinoiswa mumaburi anobatanidza kumativi ese emugero wekurima kudzivirira substrate kana ivhu kuti risavhare nzira yekubvisa mvura. Migumo miviri yetangi rekurima yakabatana nesystem yekutenderera nehosi yerabha ine dhayamita yemukati ye30 mm, izvo zvinodzivirira zvikanganiso zvekusimba kwechimiro zvinokonzerwa nekubatanidza PVC glue, izvo zvisingakodzeri kufamba.

Kugadzira Sisitimu Yekutenderera Mvura Nefetereza

Mukurima mvura ine zvinovaka muviri, shandisa pombi inogadziriswa kuwedzera mvura ine zvinovaka muviri mutangi rekurima repamusoro, uye kudzora mafambiro emvura ine zvinovaka muviri kuburikidza nepuragi yemukati yepombi yePVC. Kuti udzivise kuyerera kusina kuenzana kwemvura ine zvinovaka muviri, mvura ine zvinovaka muviri mutangi rekurima rine jira rimwe chete inoshandisa nzira yekuyerera "yakaita seS". Kuti uwedzere huwandu hweokisijeni mumvura ine zvinovaka muviri, kana jira rakaderera remvura ine zvinovaka muviri richibuda, pane mukaha wakati pakati penzvimbo inobuda mvura nezinga remvura mutangi remvura. Mukurima pasi kana ivhu, tangi remvura rinoiswa pamusoro, uye kudiridza nekututira zvinoitwa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekudiridza. Pombi huru ipombi yePE nhema ine dhayamita ye32 mm uye ukobvu hwemadziro hwe2.0 mm, uye pombi yebazi ipombi yePE nhema ine dhayamita ye16 mm uye ukobvu hwemadziro hwe1.2 mm. Pombi yega yega yebazi Isa vharuvhu yekudzora yega yega. Museve wekudonhedza unoshandisa dripper yemiseve yakatwasuka inomanikidzwa, 2 paburi, inopinzwa mumudzi wembeu mugomba rekurima. Mvura yakawandisa inounganidzwa kuburikidza nemuchina wekubvisa mvura, yoseferwa yozoshandiswazve.

Sisitimu Yekuwedzera Chiedza

Kana mudziyo wekurima uchishandiswa kugadzira mabharukoni, chiedza chechisikigo chinobva mubharukoni chinogona kushandiswa pasina chiedza chekuwedzera kana chiedza chidiki chekuwedzera. Pakurima muimba yekutandarira, zvakakosha kuita dhizaini yechiedza chekuwedzera. Chigadziko chemwenje chine mwenje wekukura we LED wakareba 1.2 m, uye nguva yechiedza inodzorwa neautomatic timer. Nguva yechiedza inoiswa kumaawa gumi nemana, uye nguva yechiedza chisiri chekuwedzera i10 maawa. Kune mwenje mina dze LED muchikamu chimwe nechimwe, dzakaiswa pasi pechikamu. Machubhu mana ari pachikamu chimwe chete akabatana akatevedzana, uye zvikamu zvakabatana zvakaenzana. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemwenje zvemiti yakasiyana, mwenje we LED une spectrum dzakasiyana unogona kusarudzwa.

Kuunganidza Mudziyo

Mudziyo wekurima wakagadzirwa kare uri nyore muchimiro (Mufananidzo 2) uye maitiro ekuunganidza ari nyore. Mudanho rekutanga, mushure mekuona kukwirira kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe zvichienderana nekukwirira kwezvirimwa zvakarimwa, isa danda muburi rebhatafurayi redanda rakamira kuti ugadzire skeleton yemudziyo; mudanho rechipiri, gadzirisa chubhu yemwenje ye LED iri parib yekusimbisa iri kumashure kwechikamu, uye isa chikamu mukati megomba remukati redanda rakayambuka refuremu yekurima; danho rechitatu, nzvimbo yekurima uye sisitimu yekutenderera kwemvura nefetereza zvakabatana nehosi yerabha; danho rechina, isa chubhu ye LED, isa timer otomatiki, uye isa tangi remvura; danho rechishanu rekugadzirisa hurongwa, wedzera mvura mutangi remvura Mushure mekugadzirisa musoro wepombi nekuyerera, tarisa sisitimu yekutenderera kwemvura nefetereza uye kubatana kwetangi yekurima kuti mvura ibude here, batidza uye tarisa kubatana kwemwenje ye LED uye mamiriro ekushanda kweinjini yeautomatic timer.

Mufananidzo 2, dhizaini yese yemudziyo wekurima wakagadzirwa kare

Kushandisa uye Kuongorora

Kushandiswa Kwekurima

Muna 2019, mudziyo uyu uchashandiswa pakurima miriwo midiki mumba senge lettuce, Chinese cabbage, uye celery (Mufananidzo 3). Muna 2020, zvichibva pakupfupisa ruzivo rwekurima rwekare, timu yepurojekiti yakagadzira kurima kwemiriwo yakafanana neyekudya uye tekinoroji yekurima michero yeBegonia fimbristipula hance, iyo yakavandudza mienzaniso yekushandisa mudziyo kumba. Mumakore maviri apfuura ekurima nekushandisa, lettuce nemiriwo inokasira zvinogona kukohwewa mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu mushure mekurima patembiricha yemukati ye20-25℃; celery inofanira kukura kwemazuva makumi matatu nemashanu kusvika makumi mana; Begonia fimbristipula Hance neChinese cabbage zvirimwa zvinogara kwenguva refu zvinogona kukohwewa kakawanda; Begonia fimbristipula inogona kukohwa matanda epamusoro e10 cm nemashizha mumazuva angangoita makumi matatu nemashanu, uye matanda madiki nemashizha zvinogona kukohwewa mumazuva angangoita makumi mana nemashanu ekurima kabichi. Kana yakohwewa, goho relettuce neChinese cabbage i100~150 g pachirimwa chimwe nechimwe; goho re celery chena ne celery tsvuku pamuti wega wega i100~120 g; goho re Begonia fimbristipula Hance mukukohwa kwekutanga rakaderera, 20-30 g pamuti wega wega, uye nekumera kwemapazi eparutivi nguva dzose, rinogona kukohwewa kechipiri, nechikamu chemazuva angangoita gumi nemashanu uye goho re60-80 g pamuti wega wega; goho reburi remenyu rinopa hutano i50-80 g, rinokohwewa kamwe chete pamazuva makumi maviri nemashanu, uye rinogona kukohwewa nguva dzose.

Mufananidzo 3, Kushandiswa kwemudziyo wekurima wakagadzirwa kare

Mhedzisiro Yekushandisa

Mushure megore rinopfuura rekugadzira nekushandisa, mudziyo uyu unogona kushandisa zvizere nzvimbo ine mativi matatu yemukamuri kugadzira zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Kutakura nekuburitsa zvinhu kuri nyore uye kuri nyore kudzidza, uye hapana kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi kunodiwa. Nekugadzirisa kusimudza nekuyerera kwepombi yemvura, dambudziko rekuyerera kwakanyanya uye kuwanda kwemvura inovaka muviri mutangi rekurima rinogona kudzivirirwa. Dhizaini yakavhurika yetangi rekurima haisi nyore kuchenesa mushure mekushandisa chete, asiwo iri nyore kutsiva kana zvishandiso zvakuvara. Tangi rekurima rakabatana nehosi yerabha yehurongwa hwekutenderera kwemvura nefetereza, iyo inoita dhizaini yetangi rekurima uye system yekutenderera kwemvura nefetereza, uye inodzivirira zvakaipa zvedhizaini yakabatanidzwa mumudziyo wekare wehydroponic. Pamusoro pezvo, mudziyo uyu unogona kushandiswa kutsvagisa kwesainzi pasi pemamiriro ekupisa nekunyorova anodzorwa pamwe nekugadzira zvirimwa zvepamba. Haungochengetedzi nzvimbo yekuyedza chete, asiwo unosangana nezvinodiwa zvenharaunda yekugadzira, kunyanya kugara kwenguva refu kwenzvimbo yekukura kwemidzi. Mushure mekuvandudza kuri nyore, mudziyo wekurima unogona zvakare kusangana nezvinodiwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzekurapa rhizosphere nharaunda, uye wave uchishandiswa zvakanyanya mukuyedza kwesainzi yemiti.

Chitubu chechinyorwa: Nhoroondo yeWechat yeTekinoroji yeUinjiniya hweKurima (greenhouse horticulture) 

Ruzivo rwereferenzi: Wang Fei, Wang Changyi, Shi Jingxuan, et al.Kugadzira nekushandisa mudziyo wekurima wepamba wakagadzirwa kare [J]. Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2021,41(16):12-15.