Munyori: Zhang Chaoqin. Kunobva: DIGITIMES

Kukurumidza kuwedzera kwehuwandu uye maitiro ekusimudzira emaguta anotarisirwa kukurudzira nekusimudzira kusimudzira uye kukura kweiyo yakamira indasitiri yepurazi. Mapurazi akatsiga anoonekwa seanokwanisa kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko ekugadzirwa kwechikafu, asi ingave mhinduro yakagadzikana yekugadzirwa kwechikafu, nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti pachine matambudziko.

Maererano nemishumo yeFood Navigator neThe Guardian, pamwe neongororo yakaitwa neUnited Nations, huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose huchakura kubva pavanhu vari mabhiriyoni manomwe nemazana matatu kusvika pamabhiriyoni masere nemazana mashanu muna 2030, uye vanhu mabhiriyoni 9,7 muna 2050. FAO inofungidzira kuti kusangana nekudyisa huwandu hwevanhu muna 2050, kugadzirwa kwechikafu kuchawedzera ne70% zvichienzaniswa ne2007, uye panosvika 2050 kugadzirwa kwezviyo zvepasi rose kunofanirwa kuwedzera kubva pamabhiriyoni 2.1 kusvika ku3 bhiriyoni matani. Nyama inoda kupetwa kaviri, ichiwedzera kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi manomwe ematani.

Kugadzirisa uye kuwedzera imwe nzvimbo yekurima kunogona kusagadzirisa dambudziko mune dzimwe nyika. Iyo UK yakashandisa 72% yevhu rayo kugadzira zvekurima, asi ichiri kuda kuunza chikafu kunze. United Kingdom iri kuedzawo kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzekurima, dzakadai sekushandisa migero yemhepo yakasara kubva muHondo Yenyika II yekudyara kwakafanana kwegreenhouse. Iye wekutanga Richard Ballard anorongawo kuwedzera huwandu hwekudyara muna 2019.

Nekune rumwe rutivi, kushandiswa kwemvura imhinganidzowo pakugadzirwa kwezvokudya. Maererano nehuwandu hweOECD, chikamu che70% chekushandiswa kwemvura ndeyemapurazi. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunowedzerawo matambudziko ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Kugariswa kwemaguta kunodawo kuti chirongwa chekugadzira chikafu chipe chikafu chevagari vemumaguta vari kukurumidza kukurumidza nevashandi vashoma vekumaruwa, ivhu shoma uye zviwanikwa zvemvura zvishoma. Nyaya idzi dziri kufambisa kusimudzirwa kwemapurazi akatwasuka.
Iwo akaderera-ekushandisa maitiro emapurazi akatwasuka achaunza mikana yekubvumidza kugadzirwa kwekurima kupinda muguta, uye zvakare kunogona kuve pedyo nevatengi vemumaguta. Chinhambwe kubva papurazi kuenda kumutengi chakaderedzwa, kupfupisa cheni yese yekugovera, uye vatengi vemumaguta vanozonyanya kufarira zviwanikwa zvekudya uye kuwana nyore mukugadzirwa kutsva kwekudya. Kare, zvakanga zvisiri nyore kuti vagari vomumaguta vawane zvokudya zvinyoro zvine utano. Mapurazi akatsiga anogona kuvakwa zvakananga mukicheni kana kuseri kwemba yavo. Iri richava iro shoko rakakosha zvikuru rinofambiswa nekuvandudzwa kwemapurazi akatwasuka.

Pamusoro pezvo, kutorwa kweiyo yakatwasuka modhi yepurazi kuchave nekukanganisa kwakawanda pane yechinyakare yekugovera zvekurima, uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yechivanhu yekurima senge mafetireza ekugadzira, mishonga yezvipembenene nesora kuchadzikira zvakanyanya. Kune rimwe divi, kudiwa kweHVAC masisitimu uye masisitimu ekudzora kuchawedzera kuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze uye enzizi kutonga kwemvura. Vertical Agriculture inowanzo shandisa akakosha mwenje e LED kutevedzera chiedza chezuva uye zvimwe zvishandiso kuseta yemukati kana yekunze zvivakwa.

Tsvagiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwemapurazi akamira zvakare inosanganisira yambotaurwa "smart tekinoroji" yekutarisa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye kugadzirisa mashandisirwo emvura nezvicherwa. Iyo Internet yezvinhu (IoT) tekinoroji ichaitawo basa rakakosha. Inogona kushandiswa kunyora data yekukura kwezvirimwa. Kukohwewa kwezvirimwa kuchatariswa nekutariswa nemakombiyuta kana nharembozha kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Mapurazi akatsiga anogona kugadzira chikafu chakawanda nevhu shoma uye zviwanikwa zvemvura, uye ari kure nemafetireza emakemikari anokuvadza nemishonga yezvipembenene. Nekudaro, masherufu akaturikidzana mukamuri anoda simba rakawanda pane zvechinyakare zvekurima. Kunyange kana pane mahwindo muimba, chiedza chekugadzira chinowanzodiwa nekuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero zvinodzivisa. Iyo yemamiriro ekunze system inogona kupa yakanyanya kukura nharaunda, asi zvakare ine simba rakawanda.

Zvinoenderana nenhamba kubva kuUK Dhipatimendi rekurima, lettuce inorimwa mugreenhouse, uye inofungidzirwa kuti inenge 250 kWh (kilowatt awa) yesimba inodiwa pamativi emamita enzvimbo yekudyara gore rega rega. Zvinoenderana netsvakiridzo yakabatana yeGerman DLR Research Center, purazi rakamira rakamira rakafanana nzvimbo yekudyara inoda zvinoshamisa mashandisiro emagetsi e3,500 kWh pagore. Nokudaro, nzira yekuvandudza kushandiswa kwesimba kunogamuchirwa ichava musoro unokosha kune ramangwana rekuvandudza tekinoroji yemapurazi akatwasuka.

Pamusoro pezvo, mapurazi akatwasuka anewo matambudziko emari yekudyara. Kamwe venture capitalists vachidhonza maoko, bhizinesi rekutengesa richamira. Semuyenzaniso, Paignton Zoo muDevon, UK, yakavambwa muna 2009. Yaiva imwe yepakutanga vertical farm startups. Yakashandisa VertiCrop kurima muriwo wemashizha. Makore mashanu gare gare, nekuda kwekusakwana kwakatevera mari, hurongwa hwakapindawo munhoroondo. Kambani yekutevera yaive Valcent, yakazove Alterrus, uye yakatanga kumisa nzira yekudyara padenga remba muCanada, iyo yakazoguma yava kubhuroka.