Munyori: Zhang Chaoqin. Chitubu: DIGITIMES

Kuwedzera kwevanhu nekukurumidza uye kufambira mberi kwekukura kwemaguta zvinotarisirwa kukurudzira nekusimudzira kukura kweindasitiri yekurima vertical farm. Mapurazi avertical anoonekwa seanokwanisa kugadzirisa mamwe ematambudziko ekugadzirwa kwechikafu, asi kunyangwe ichigona kuva mhinduro inoenderera mberi yekugadzira chikafu, nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti kuchine matambudziko.

Sekureva kwemishumo yakaitwa neFood Navigator neThe Guardian, pamwe neongororo dzakaitwa neSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose, huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose huchakura kubva pavanhu varipo parizvino vari mabhiriyoni 7.3 kusvika pavanhu vari mabhiriyoni 8.5 muna 2030, uye vanhu vari mabhiriyoni 9.7 muna 2050. FAO inofungidzira kuti kuti vanhu vasangane uye vadye chikafu muna 2050, kugadzirwa kwechikafu kuchawedzera ne70% zvichienzaniswa negore ra2007, uye panosvika gore ra2050 kugadzirwa kwechikafu pasi rose kunofanira kuwedzera kubva pamamiriyoni 2.1 ematani kusvika pamatani mabhiriyoni matatu. Nyama inofanira kupetwa kaviri, ichiwedzera kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni 470.

Kugadzirisa nekuwedzera ivhu rekurima kungasagadzirisa dambudziko iri mune dzimwe nyika. UK yakashandisa 72% yevhu rayo pakurima, asi ichiri kuda kutenga chikafu kubva kunze kwenyika. United Kingdom iri kuedzawo kushandisa dzimwe nzira dzekurima, dzakadai sekushandisa maturu emhepo akasara kubva kuHondo Yenyika II pakudyara greenhouse yakafanana. Richard Ballard, uyo akatanga chirongwa ichi, anorongawo kuwedzera huwandu hwekudyara muna 2019.

Kune rumwe rutivi, kushandiswa kwemvura chipingamupinyiwo pakugadzirwa kwechikafu. Zvichienderana nenhamba dzeOECD, inenge 70% yekushandiswa kwemvura ndeyemapurazi. Kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunowedzerawo matambudziko ekugadzirwa. Kukura kwemaguta kunodawo kuti hurongwa hwekugadzira chikafu hupe chikafu kuvanhu vari kukura nekukurumidza mumaguta vane vashandi vashoma vekumaruwa, ivhu diki uye mvura shoma. Nyaya idzi dziri kukurudzira kukura kwemapurazi akamira.
Hunhu hwemapurazi akamira pasi husingashandiswi zvakanaka huchaunza mikana yekubvumira kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa kupinda muguta, uye zvinogonawo kuva pedyo nevatengi vemumaguta. Kureba kubva papurazi kuenda kumutengi kunoderedzwa, zvichipfupisa huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa, uye vatengi vemumaguta vachanyanya kufarira zvekudya uye kuwana nyore nyore kugadzirwa kwezvekudya zvitsva. Kare, zvaive zvisiri nyore kuti vagari vemumaguta vawane chikafu chitsva chine hutano. Mapurazi akamira anogona kuvakwa zvakananga mukicheni kana mumashure mavo. Iri ndiro richava shoko rakakosha rinounzwa nekuvandudzwa kwemapurazi akamira pasi.

Pamusoro pezvo, kugamuchirwa kwemuenzaniso wekurima wakatenderera kuchava nemhedzisiro yakakura pakudyara kwetsika, uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yekurima yechinyakare yakadai semafetiraiza akagadzirwa, mishonga yezvipembenene nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kuchaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kune rumwe rutivi, kudiwa kwemasisitimu eHVAC uye masisitimu ekudzora kuchawedzera kuchengetedza mamiriro akanakisa ekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze uye mvura yerwizi. Kurima kwakatenderera kunowanzo shandisa mwenje chaiwo weLED kuti utevedzere chiedza chezuva nezvimwe zvishandiso kuti ugadzire magadzirirwo emukati kana ekunze.

Tsvagiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwemapurazi akamira zvinosanganisirawo "tekinoroji yakangwara" yambotaurwa yekutarisa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza uye kugadzirisa mashandisirwo emvura nezvicherwa. Tekinoroji yeInternet of Things (IoT) ichaitawo basa rakakosha. Inogona kushandiswa kunyora data rekukura kwezvirimwa. Kukohwa kwezvirimwa kuchateverwa uye kutariswa nemakombiyuta kana nharembozha kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Mapurazi akamira anogona kugadzira chikafu chakawanda asina ivhu nemvura yakawanda, uye ari kure nefetereza inokuvadza nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Zvisinei, masherufu akaunganidzwa mukamuri anoda simba rakawanda kupfuura kurima kwechinyakare. Kunyangwe paine mahwindo mukamuri, chiedza chekugadzira chinowanzo dikanwa nekuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero zvinodzvinyirira. Sisitimu yekudzora mamiriro ekunze inogona kupa nzvimbo yekurima yakanakisa, asi inodawo simba rakawanda.

Zvichienderana nenhamba dzinobva kuUK Department of Agriculture, lettuce inorimwa mugreenhouse, uye zvinofungidzirwa kuti simba rinosvika 250 kWh (kilowatt awa) rinodiwa pa square mita imwe neimwe yenzvimbo yekudyara gore rega rega. Zvichienderana netsvakiridzo yekudyidzana yeGerman DLR Research Center, purazi rakamira rine nzvimbo yekudyara yakakura zvakafanana rinoda kushandiswa kwesimba kunoshamisa kwe3,500 kWh pagore. Saka, nzira yekuvandudza kushandiswa kwesimba kunogamuchirika ichave nyaya yakakosha yekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji mune ramangwana remapurazi akamira.

Pamusoro pezvo, mapurazi akamira anowanzova nematambudziko emari yekudyara. Kana vemabhizinesi vemabhizinesi vabatana, mabhizinesi ekutengeserana anomira. Semuenzaniso, Paignton Zoo muDevon, UK, yakavambwa muna 2009. Yaive imwe yemakambani ekutanga ekurima akamira. Yakashandisa sisitimu yeVertiCrop kurima miriwo ine mashizha. Makore mashanu gare gare, nekuda kwekusakwana kwemari yakatevera, sisitimu iyi yakapindawo munhoroondo. Kambani inotevera yaive Valcent, iyo yakazova Alterrus, uye yakatanga kugadzira nzira yekudyara greenhouse padenga muCanada, iyo yakazopedzisira yaparara.