Zvekuita: Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuputika kuchiramba kuchiramba kuchiramba Iri pepa rinosuma chimiro cheQo, matambudziko aripo uye zvinyorwa zvekuvandudza zvehunyanzvi fekitimu tekinoroji uye zvigadzirwa zveindasitiri, uye inotarisira kufambiro yekuvandudza uye tarisiro yemifekereke mune ramangwana.

1. Yazvino mamiriro ehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza mafekitori ezvirimwa muChina uye kunze kwenyika

1.1 Iyo mamiriro quo ye yekudzidzira technology kusimudzira

Kubva muzana ramakore rechi21, kutsvagisa kwemafekitori emapaki kunonyanya kutarisisa pakuvandudzwa kwechiedza, kusikwa kwemidziyo mizhinji-madiki-matatu-emhando yemidziyo, uye kutsvagurudza nekuvandudza uye kutonga kwehungwaru manejimendi uye kudzora. Muzana ramakore rechi21, hunyanzvi hwekurima hunorwiswa hwakafambira mberi, kupa kukosha kwakakosha kwehunyanzvi hwekushandisa kweiyo LED Energy-inochengetedza mwenje mufekitori. Chibay University muJapan yakagadzira huwandu hwenhaka mukukwira zvakakwirira zvinyorwa, simba rekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze, uye maitiro ekurima. Wagingention University muNetherlands inoshandisa Semunharaunda Yemamiriro ekunze uye Dynamical Optimization Tekiniki yekukudziridza midziyo yehurongwa hwemafekitori ekushandisa, izvo zvinodzora zvakanyanya mari yekushandisa uye zvinovandudza zvakanyanya kubereka kwebasa revashandi.

Mumakore achangopfuura, ma factors ezvipimwa zvishoma nezvishoma akaziva kuti Memi-autoria automitiki ekugadzira kubva mukudyara, kusimudza kwemhou, kutapurirana, uye kukohwa. Japan, iyo Netherlands, uye United States ndeye kumberi, ine mwero wakakura wekuita, automation, uye ungwaru, uye urikukura munzira yekukuvara uye isina kuvhurika kushanda.

1.2 Technology Development Status muChina

1,2

Yakakosha tsvuku uye yebhuruu yakatungamira matsime emwenje yekugadzirwa kwemarudzi akasiyana ezvirimwa mumapfekendisiti zvirimwa zvakagadzirwa imwe mushure meimwe. Simba rinobva pamakumi matatu kusvika ku300 W, uye iyo Irradiation Chiedza Chiedza chisvika makumi masere kusvika 500 Kuchengetedza simba uye kujaira kune izvo zvinodiwa pakukura kwechirimwa nekuvhenekera. Panyaya yechiedza sosi inopisa yekukanganisa manejimendi, iyo yekushambadzira yekusagadzikana kwechiedza sosi yechiedza, iyo inoderedza chiedza chechiedza chechiedza uye chinovimbisa hupenyu hwechiedza chechiedza. Uye zvakare, nzira yekudzora kupisa kweiyo LED LEEN SUROWE Socal Solution Solution kana kutenderera kwemvura kunofungidzirwa. Panyaya yechiedza sosi yekuisa maneja kuwana. Parizvino, kushanduka kwesimba kwekushandisa kwechiedza chechiedza chechiedza chechiedza chinogona kukonzeresa kwe50% kusvika makumi matanhatu muzana ekushandisa simba rezvirimwa. Kunyangwe HEDE inogona kuchengetedza 50% simba kana ichienzaniswa nemarambi eFluescent, pachine mukana uye kukosha kwekutsvaga pane kuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kuderedza.

1.2.2 Multi-layer matatu-dimensional kuridza tekinoroji uye michina

Iyo cayer gap yezvikamu zvakawanda-zvevatatu-dimensional kurimwa Kune zvakawanda zvidzidzo pakugadzirwa kwezasi kwemubhedha wekurima. Mabhangi okusimudzwa akagadzirirwa kuburitsa kuyerera kwemhirizhonga, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kudyara midzi kuti iite zvinovaka muviri mumhinduro yemutoo nenzira yakajeka uye kuwedzera kusungwa kweiyo yakanyungudika oksijeni. Kushandisa colonization bhodhi, kune nzira mbiri dze colonization, ndiko kuti, iwo mapurasitiki colonization makapu ehukuru hwakasiyana kana chipanje chekapuro colonization colonization mode. System yekuvhuvhuta yekurima yakaonekwa, uye bhodhi yekudyara uye zvidyarwa pazviri zvinokonzerwa nemaoko kubva kune imwe mugumo kusvika kune imwe, ichizivisa nzira yekugadzira yekudyara kwemubhedha wekurima uye kukohwa kune imwe mugumo. Parizvino, akasiyana-siyana-matatu emhando dzakawanda-dzimba dzevhu ndabuda. Iyo tekinoroji inotaurwa yakawedzera kukurumidza.

1.2.3 Zvinovaka pasi Solution Converation Technology uye Zvishandiso

Mushure mekugadziriswa kwemutengesi kwashandiswa kwenguva yakati, zvinodikanwa kuti uwedzere mvura uye zvemaminerari zvinhu. Kazhinji, huwandu hwemhinduro dzichangobva kugadzirwa noutriant dziva uye huwandu hweiyo acid-base solution dzakatemerwa nekuyera EC uye PH. Hombe dzakateedzana kana mudzi-flowfoliation mumhinduro yemutengo unofanirwa kubviswa nefaira. Root inoburitsa mumhedzisiro yemugumo inogona kubviswa neThotocatalyTialTt maitiro kuti udzivise zvipingamupinyi mu hydroponics, asi kune dzimwe njodzi mukuwanika kwemutengo.

1.2.4 Tekinoro yepamusoro yekudzora uye michina

Iko kuchena kwemhepo kweiyo nzvimbo yekugadzira ndechimwe chezvakakosha zviratidzo zvemhepo mhando yefekitori yedhara. Iko kuchena kwemhepo (zviratidzo zvekumiswa zvidimbu uye zvakagadziriswa mabhakitiriya) munzvimbo yekugadzira yefekitori yedynamoc pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anofanirwa kudzorwa kusvika padanho pamusoro pezviuru zvemakumi mashanu. Kudakadza Kwekuvaraidza, Kuuya Kwevashandi Vashandi Kugeza Kurapa, uye Mhepo Dunhu Rinotenderera Mhepo Kucheneswa System (Mhepo Filtration System) zvese zvinochengetedza zvakakosha. Tembiricha uye humidity, co2 kusungwa uye nemhepo yekufambisa velocity yemweya munzvimbo yekugadzira ndeimwe yakakosha mamiriro ekutonga kwemweya. Sekureva kwemishumo, kumisikidza michina yakadai semhepo inosanganisa mabhokisi, mhepo masheti uye humbozha, co2 yekumhanyisa nzvimbo yekugadzira, kuti uwane yakakwira spatial kusaenzana uye kusangana chirimwa zvinodiwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Tembiricha, humidity uye co2 Concentration Control System uye iyo matsva emhepo system yakabatanidzwa mune kutenderera kwemhepo yemhepo. Masisitimu matatu anofanira kugovera iyo mhepo duct, mhepo inclet uye inobuda mumhepo, uye ipa simba kuburikidza ne fan yekuziva kutenderera kwemhepo, kusvinudzwa uye nekuwarira, uye kugadzirisa uye kufanana kwemhando yemhepo. Iyo inovimbisa kuti kugadzirwa kwekugadzira muchirimwa kwefekitori kwakasununguka zvipembenene nezvirwere, uye pasina pesticeide application inodiwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kufanana kwekushisa, humbozha, mweya wekupfeka uye co2 kusunganidzwa kwemamiriro ekunze eCocopy kunovimbiswa kuzadzisa zvido zvekukura kwechirimwa.

2. Standard mamiriro ezvirimwa fekitori indasitiri

2.1 Status quo yeiyo yekune dzimwe nyika fekitori fekitori

MuJapan, kutsvagisa uye kusimudzira uye kusindimara kwefekitori yechiedza chechiedza chingadzikama, uye ivo vari padanho rinotungamira. Muna 2010, hurumende yechiJapan yakatanga mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu emakumi mashanu yekutsigira tekinoroji kutsvagisa uye nekuvandudza uye kuratidzira kwemaindasitiri. Masangano masere anosanganisira chiba yunivhesiti uye Japan chirimwa zvovharire fekitori yekutsvaga kusangana. Japan ramangwana kambani inotora uye yakashanda iyo yekutanga mainamo ekuratidzira chirongwa chefekitori yechidyarwa neyekubuda kwezuva nezuva zvidyarwa zvezuva nezuva. Muna 2012, mutengo wekugadzira wefekitori yechidyarwa yaive 700 Yen / kg. Muna 2014, fekitari yemazuva ano yedhorobha muTaga Castle, Kuva nePasi Pokutanga Kutaurwa Pasi Factory Fekitori ine zviga zvezuva nezuva zvidyarwa zvezuva nezuva. Kubvira 2016, zvakatungamira mafekitori emadhadha akapinda munzira yekukurumidza yekushambadzira muJapan, uye kuputsa-kunyange mabhizinesi anowana akapfuura mumwe. Muna 2018, yakakura-kambani mafekitori ekugadzira kwezuva nezuva ekugadzira kwemakumi mashanu kusvika ezviuru zvemadhora zviuru zana zvakaonekwa mushure meimwe, uye mafekitori epasi rose aive achikura akakura, hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza. Panguva imwecheteyo, Tokyo magetsi magetsi, okinawa emagetsi simba uye mimwe minda yakatanga kuisa mari mufekitori dzezvirimwa. Muna 2020, musika wekugovera lettuce yakagadzirwa nemafekitori echiJapan anozoverengera kweanenge gumi muzana yeiyo Lettuce Soko. Pakati peanopfuura 250 yekunyora-mhando zvidhori mafekitori aripo, 20% vari mune yekurasikirwa-kugadzira chikamu-kunyange padanho rekutakura, zvinosanganisira kurimwa zvidyarwa zvakadai lettuce, herbs, uye mbeu.

Iyo Netherlands iri mutungamiri wenyika chaiyo mumunda weiyo yakasanganiswa tekinoroji yeiyo solar yekesi yeSylar, ine mwero wakanyanya Zvigadzirwa kuMiddle East, Africa, China nedzimwe nyika. American Aerofarms Farm iri muNewark, New Jersey, USA, ine nharaunda ye6500 m2. Izvo zvinonyanya kukura miriwo nezvinonhuwira, uye zvinobuda ndeche 900 t / gore.

Vertical Kurima muAerofams

Iyo Vertical Yekurima chirimwa fekitori yekambani yakawanda muUnited States EATTS TINOGONESA LINELINE UYE KUDZIDZWA RINONZI NEZVINHU ZVINOGONA 6 M. Zvirimwa zvinokura kubva kumativi evarimi. Kuvimba nekudiridza kukuru kwekudiridza, iyi nzira yekudyara haidi zvekuwedzera mbopa uye ndeyekuwedzera mari-inoshanda kupfuura kurima kwemaitiro. Zvakawanda zvinotaura nezvepurazi rake kugadzirwa ne303 nguva iyo yakabuda purazi remagariro tichishandisa chete 1% yemvura.

Vertical Kurima zvirimwa fekitari, kakawanda kambani

2.2 Status Stature Scory Factory Industry muChina

Muna 2009, iyo yekutanga yekugadzira zvirimwa muChina neChinese Control control sekushanduka kwakavakirwa uye kuiswa kushanda muangchun ekurima leppo park park. Iyo nzvimbo yekuvaka ndeye 200 m2, uye zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvakadai sekutyisa tembiricha, chiedza, chiedza, CO2 uye zvinovaka muviri

Muna 2010, fekitari yeTonga inovakwa muBeijing. Chimiro chikuru chinotora imwe-layer yakareruka simbi chimiro nenzvimbo yekuvaka yegumi nemaviri ye1289 m2. Iyo yakaumbwa sedare rekutakura ndege, rinomiririra kuchinjika zvekurima vachitungamira mukuisa chikepe kune tekinoroji yeudiki zvakanyanya kwekurima kwemazuva ano. Iyo otomatiki midziyo yemamwe mashandiro emamiri yemiriwo zvigadzirwa yakagadzirwa, iyo yakavandudza iyo yekugadzira otomatiki mwero uye kunyatsogadzirwa kwefekitori yedhara. Iyo inodyara fekitari inogamuchira pasi sosi yekupisa pombi pombi system uye solar chizvarwa system, iyo iri nani inogadzirisa dambudziko remari yekuvhiya yekubhadhara kwefekitori yechidyarwa.

Mukati uye kunze Maonero eT T T T T T T Tombhou Stop Fekitori

Muna 2013, makambani mazhinji ekurima tekinoroji akagadzwa muYangling Agricultural High-tech kuratidzira zone, Shaanxi Province. Zvizhinji zvezvirongwa zvefekitori zvekuvakwa uye kushanda zvinowanikwa mune ekurima kwepamusoro-tech kuratidzira mapaki, izvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa kuratidzira kwakakurumbira kwesainzi uye kusununguka. Nekuda kwekushanda kwavo zvisingaite, zvakaoma kune aya maFacita Science kuti akwanise kubereka kwakakwirira uye nekubudirira kwakanyanya kunodiwa neyekurumbira, uye zvichava zvakaomera kuti vave chimiro chikuru pakurarama mune ramangwana.

Muna 2015, chikuru cheMuiti yeChild China muChina yakabatira pamwe neInstitute of bottute yeBotany yeChinese Chikoro cheChinese cheChinese tangatanga kuiswa kwekambani yechidyarwa. Yakayambuka kubva kuOptoelectronic Indasitiri ku "Photofiological" indasitiri ye "indasitiri yechiChinesera, Factory yayo yakazvipira kuita maindapu ekudyara muindapu mune Photobiology, iyo inobatanidza nyanzvi yesainzi, kugadzirwa, kuratidzira uye mamwe mabasa, nemamwe mashandiro emamiriyoni emamiriyoni eYuan. Muna June 2016, iyi zvirimwa fekitari nechivako-chitoro chekuvhara nzvimbo ye3,000 M2 uye nzvimbo yekurima yeanopfuura zviuru gumi m2 yakapera uye yakaiswa mukushanda. Muna May 2017, chiyero chezuva nezuva chichava chibharo chimwe chete chidimbu chemashizha, chakaenzana nemazana mashanu emakumi mairi letttuce zvidyarwa pazuva.

Maonero eiyi kambani

3. Zvinetso uye zvevanoverengera vakatarisana nekuvandudzwa kwemafekitori ezvirimwa

3.1 Matambudziko

3.1.1 Yakanyanya Kuvaka Mutengo

Mafekitori ezviyo anoda kubereka zvirimwa munzvimbo yakavharwa. Naizvozvo, zvakafanira kuvaka mapurojekiti ekutsigira uye zvishandiso zvinosanganisira zvivakwa zvekugadzirisa, mhepo mamiriro ekugadzirisa, magetsi ekunyora masisitimu, akawandisa kugadzirisa, uye system yekudzora makomputa. Mutengo wekuvaka wakakwirira.

3.1.2 Kukwikwidza Kunoita Mari

Zvizhinji zvezvinyorwa zvemwenje zvinodikanwa nefekitori dzinouya kubva kuTest mwenje, dzinodya magetsi akawanda iwe uchirwadzisa kuwirirana kunoenderana nezvirimwa zvakasiyana. Zvishandiso zvakadai sekuratidzira kwemhepo, mhepo, uye mapapu emvura mune yekugadzira mafekitori ezvipimwa anotora magetsi, saka magetsi emari mari yakakura. Sekureva kwehuwandu, pakati pemitengo yekugadzira yemifekitori dzinopedza, magetsi anoverengeka account ye29%

Kupwanya-pasi kwekugadzirwa kwemutengo wefekitori yechidyara

3.1.3 Low Light ye automation

Iyo parizvino inguva yekudyara yechidyarwa ine mwero wakaderera we automation, uye maitiro akadai sekudarika, kutapurirana, kudyara kwemunda, uye kukohwa kuchiri kuda mashandiro ebasa, zvichikonzera mari yakasununguka.

3.1.4 marudzi mashoma emarimwa anogona kukudziridzwa

Parizvino, mhando dzezvirimwa dzakakodzera mafekitori ezvipimwa zvakanyatsogumira, kunyanya zvakasvibira mashizha emabhonzo anokura nekukurumidza, anobvuma nyore nyore mwenje, uye uve neyakaderera canopy. Kureba-chiyero kudyara hakugone kuitwa kuti zviitwe zvekudyara zvinodiwa zvekudyara (senge zvirimwa izvo zvinoda kuvezwa, nezvimwewo).

3.2 Kuivaka Strategy

Tichifunga nezvematambudziko akatarisana neyechidhara fekitori yefekitori, zvinodikanwa kuti atsvage kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana senge tekinoroji uye kushanda. Mukupindura kumatambudziko aripo, zviyero zviri seanotevera.

. Iko kuvandudzwa kwemanejimendi anehungwaru uye kudzora system kunobatsira kuti uwane manejimendi akanyorova uye akazonatsorodzwidzwa mafekitori emidziyo, ayo anogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yebasa uye chengetedza basa rekushanda.

. Kukura kwekuwedzera-kugona kwekunyora nzvimbo uye michina, kusimbisa kwechigadzirwa chechiedza uye nemidziyo, etc., kuvandudza huwandu hwezvemafekitori dzenjodzi, inokodzera kusvika pakuzadziswa kwegore rose.

. .

.

4. Kubudirira maitiro uye tarisiro yefekitori yechidyarwa

4.1 Technology Development Trend

4.1.1 Yakazara-process Intelletalogation

Zvichienderana neyemuchina-art Fusionm uye kurasikirwa kwekudzivirira kwechirimwa-robhoti system, yakakwira yekudyara-inoparadza nzvimbo yakarongedzwa kumusoro uye yakawanda-modal yakawanda-mhandara-muchina maitiro ekudzivirira, uye isina kunyorwa, inoshanda uye isingabudirire kudyara yakadzika-yakakwira marara mafekitori -Intelligent robhoti uye kutsigira michina yakadai se Kudyara-kukohwa-kurongedza kunofanira kusikwa, saka kuziva kushanda kwakasarudzika kweiyo yese maitiro.

4.1.2 Gadzira Production Kudzora Sner

Zvichienderana nemhinduro yemhinduro yekukura kwezvirimwa uye kukura kwechiedza radiation, tembiricha, comment concentration yekugadzirisa mari, uye ec, mwero wechiyero chemamiriro ekunze chinofanira kuvakwa. Muenzaniso wekutaurisa core unofanirwa kusimbiswa kune simba rekuongorora kuti leafy miriwo yehupenyu ruzivo uye zvigadzirwa zvemamiriro ekunze. Iyo Online Dynamic Kuzivikanwa Kuongororwa uye maitiro ekudzora mamiriro enzvimbo yemagariro anofanirawo kusimbiswa. Muchina-machina anobatana nehurongwa hwekuita sarudzo

4.1.3 yakaderera carbon kugadzirwa uye kuchengetedza simba

Kugadzira Simba reMavheseri Sisiti Inoshandisa Renewable Eserce Source Syd Solar uye mhepo yekupedzisa Simba kutapurirana uye kudzora simba rekushandisa kuti uwane simba rekutarisira manejimendi. Kubata uye kushandisa rebusing CO2 emissions kubatsira kurapa kugadzirwa.

4.1.3 Yakakwirira kukosha kweiyo premium mhando

Zviitiko zvinowanikwa zvinofanirwa kutorwa kuti urege kutorwa kwakakura kwakakura-mhando dzekudyara dzekurima, kuongorora kwehunyanzvi hwekurima, kusarudzika kwehunyanzvi, kwakasiyana-siyana uye kuumba kurimwa kwehunyanzvi.

4.2 Indasitiri Yekuvandudza Tarisiro

Mafekitori ezvidyarwa anogona kubvisa matambudziko ezviwanikwa uye zvakatipoteredza, ziva kugadzirwa kwekurima kwekurima, uye kukwezva chizvarwa chitsva chevashandi kuita mukurima kwekurima. Iyo yakakosha tekinoroji ruzivo uye maundifiresi ezviyo zveChinese zveChinese chiri kuita mutungamiri wenyika. Nekunyorwa kwekushandiswa kweLEL LED sosi, Digitization, automation, uye matekinoroji akangwara mumunda mafekitari, mafekitori anokwevera mari yakawanda, uye kushandiswa kweine simba, uye zvigadzirwa zvitsva, uye zvishandiso zvitsva, uye zvishandiso zvitsva, uye zvishandiso zvitsva. Nenzira iyi, kuunganidzwa kwakadzama kwehunyanzvi ruzivo uye zvivakwa uye zvishandiso zvinogona kuzadzikiswa, huwandu hwezvivakwa uye zvishandiso zvinogona kuvandudzwa, kuderedzwa kwehurongwa hwekushandisa uye mari yekushandisa kuburikidza neinenge ichishanda kuburikidza neicho kuenderera mberi, uye zvishoma nezvishoma Kurimwa kwemakeke akasarudzika, mafekitori ezvekungwara anozoisa munguva yendarama yekuvandudza.

Sekureva kwemusika wekutsvagisa mishumo, iyo Global Vertical Market Skisheni Musi 2020 ingangoita US $ 2.9 madhora, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti kusvika 2025, Global Vertical Verturity Market Saizi inosvika US $ 30 Billion. Mune pfupiso, mafekitori ezvipimwa ane upfu hwakakura tarisiro uye nzvimbo yekuvandudza nzvimbo.

Munyori: Zenghan Zhou, Weidong, nezvimwe

Ruzivo rweCitation:Mamiriro azvino uye tarisiro yezvirimwa fekitori yekusimudzira [j]. Zvekurima enginoring technology, 2022, 42 (1): 18-23.By Zengchan Zhou, Wei Dong, Xiugang Li, Et Al.