Greenhouse horticultural yekurima engineering tekinoroji 2022-12-02 17:30 yakaburitswa muBeijing
Kugadzira magreenhouse ezuva munzvimbo dzisina kurimwa dzakaita serenje, Gobi nevhu rejecha kwakanyatso kugadzirisa kusawirirana pakati pechikafu nemiriwo zvinokwikwidza ivhu.Icho chimwe chezvinhu zvinogadzirisa zvakatipoteredza zvekukura nekuvandudzwa kwezvirimwa zvekushisa, izvo zvinowanzotarisa kubudirira kana kukundikana kwekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvegreenhouse.Naizvozvo, kukudziridza magreenhouse ezuva munzvimbo dzisina kurimwa, tinofanira kutanga tagadzirisa dambudziko rekushisa kwezvakatipoteredza regreenhouses.Munyaya ino, tembiricha kudzora nzira anoshandiswa vasiri kurimwa nyika greenhouses mumakore achangopfuura muchidimbu, uye matambudziko aripo uye kukura nhungamiro tembiricha uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza munyika vasiri kurimwa solar greenhouses vanoongororwa uye muchidimbu.
China ine vanhu vakawanda uye zviwanikwa zvevhu zvishoma.Zvinopfuura makumi masere neshanu muzana ezviwanikwa zvevhu hazvisirimwa zviwanikwa zvevhu, izvo zvinonyanya kutariswa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina.Gwaro No.1 reCentral Committee muna 2022 rakaratidza kuti kusimudzirwa kwekurima kwenzvimbo kunofanirwa kukurumidzirwa, uye nechikonzero chekuchengetedza nharaunda, ivhu risingashandiswe uye dongo rinofanirwa kuongororwa kusimudzira zvekurima.Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina kwakapfuma mugwenga, Gobi, marara uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvepasi zvisina kurimwa uye mwenje wechisikigo uye zviwanikwa zvekupisa, izvo zvakakodzerwa nekusimudzira nzvimbo yekurima.Naizvozvo, kusimudzirwa nekushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvevhu zvisina kurimwa kugadzira magreenhouse asina kurimwa zvine humbowo hwakakura hwekuita kuti nyika ive nechikafu uye kuderedza kusawirirana kwekushandiswa kwevhu.
Parizvino, isingarimwe solar greenhouse ndiyo nzira huru yekusimudzira kurima kwepamusoro-soro munzvimbo isina kurimwa.Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina, mutsauko wetembiricha pakati pemasikati nehusiku wakakura, uye tembiricha yehusiku munguva yechando yakadzikira, izvo zvinowanzotungamira kune chiitiko chekuti tembiricha yemukati yakadzikira pane tembiricha inodiwa pakukura nekukura. zvirimwa.Tembiricha ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvezvakatipoteredza pakukura nekukura kwembesa.Kunyanya kuderera tembiricha kunonotsa kudzika kwe physiological uye biochemical kuita kwezvirimwa uye kunonotsa kukura kwavo nekukura.Kana tembiricha yakadzikira kupfuura muganhu unogona kutakura zvirimwa, zvinototungamira mukukuvadzwa kwechando.Naizvozvo, zvinonyanya kukosha kuve nechokwadi chekushisa kunodiwa pakukura kwakajairika uye kukura kwezvirimwa.Kuti uchengetedze tembiricha yakakodzera ye solar greenhouse, haisi chiyero chimwe chete chinogona kugadziriswa.Inoda kuvimbiswa kubva kune zvikamu zvekugadzira greenhouse, kuvaka, kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, mutemo uye kutonga kwezuva nezuva.Nokudaro, chinyorwa ichi chichapfupisa chimiro chekutsvakurudza uye kufambira mberi kwekutonga kwekushisa kwevasina kurima greenhouses muChina mumakore achangopfuura kubva kune zvikamu zvekugadzira greenhouse uye kuvaka, kuchengetedza kupisa uye matanho ekudziya uye kutonga kwezvakatipoteredza, kuitira kuti ipe hurongwa hwakarongeka hwe dhizaini ine musoro uye manejimendi ezvisina kurima greenhouses.
Greenhouse chimiro uye zvinhu
Iyo inopisa nharaunda yegreenhouse inonyanya kuenderana nekutapurirana, kuvharira uye kuchengetedza kugona kwegreenhouse kune solar radiation, iyo ine hukama neyakajeka dhizaini yegreenhouse orientation, chimiro uye zvinhu zvechiedza-chinotumira pamusoro, chimiro uye zvinhu zvemadziro uye kumashure denga, Nheyo yekudzivirira, saizi yegreenhouse, maitiro ehusiku ekudzivirira uye zvinhu zvedenga remba, nezvimwewo, uye zvakare zvine chekuita nekuti kuvaka uye kuvaka kwegreenhouse kunogona kuve nechokwadi chekuzadzikiswa kwezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.
Chiedza chekufambisa simba chedenga repamberi
Simba guru mugreenhouse rinobva kuzuva.Kuwedzera mwenje wekutakura mwenje wedenga remba kunobatsira kuti greenhouse iwane kupisa kwakawanda, uye zvakare hwaro hwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekushisa nharaunda yegreenhouse munguva yechando.Parizvino, pane nzira nhatu huru dzekuwedzera mwenje wekutapurirana simba uye chiedza chekugamuchira nguva yedenga repamberi regreenhouse.
01 dhizaini inonzwisisika greenhouse kutaridzika uye azimuth
Iko kutaridzika kwegreenhouse kunokanganisa kuvhenekera kwegreenhouse uye kupisa kwekuchengetedza simba regreenhouse.Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti uwedzere kupisa kwekuchengetedza mugreenhouse, kutariswa kweasina kurima greenhouses kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina kwakatarisana nekumaodzanyemba.Kune azimuth chaiyo yegreenhouse, pakusarudza kumaodzanyemba kusvika kumabvazuva, zvinobatsira "kubata zuva", uye kutonhora kwemukati kunokwira nokukurumidza mangwanani;Kana kumaodzanyemba kusvika kumadokero kwasarudzwa, zvinobatsira kuti greenhouse ishandise chiedza chemasikati.Maodzanyemba kutungamira ndiko kuwirirana pakati pemamiriro maviri ari pamusoro apa.Maererano neruzivo rwe geophysics, pasi rinotenderera 360 ° pazuva, uye azimuth yezuva inofamba inenge 1 ° maminitsi mana oga oga.Nokudaro, nguva imwe neimwe iyo azimuth yegreenhouse inosiyana ne1 °, nguva yezuva rakananga ichasiyana nemaminitsi mana, kureva, azimuth yegreenhouse inobata nguva iyo greenhouse inoona chiedza mangwanani uye manheru.
Kana maawa echiedza mangwanani nemasikati akaenzana, uye kumabvazuva kana kumadokero ari pakona imwe chete, greenhouse ichawana maawa akafanana echiedza.Zvisinei, kunharaunda iri kuchamhembe kwe37° north latitude, tembiricha inodzikira mangwanani, uye nguva yekufukidzwa kwejira yanonoka, ukuwo tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya masikati nemanheru, saka zvakakodzera kunonoka nguva yekubuda. kuvhara thermal insulation quilt.Nokudaro, nzvimbo idzi dzinofanira kusarudza kumaodzanyemba kusvika kumadokero uye kushandisa zvizere chiedza chemasikati.Kune nzvimbo dzine 30 ° ~ 35 ° kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, nekuda kwemamiriro emwenje ari nani mangwanani, nguva yekuchengetedza kupisa uye kufukidzwa kwekuvhara inogonawo kufambiswa mberi.Naizvozvo, nzvimbo idzi dzinofanira kusarudza kumaodzanyemba-ne-kumabvazuva kutungamira kuyedza mamwe mangwanani ezuva nemwaranzi yegreenhouse.Nekudaro, munzvimbo ye35 ° ~ 37 ° yekuchamhembe latitude, pane musiyano mudiki mumwaranzi yezuva mangwanani nemasikati, saka zviri nani kusarudza nekuda kwekumaodzanyemba.Kunyangwe iri maodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kana maodzanyemba-maodzanyemba-maodzanyemba, deviation angle inowanzoita 5° ~8°, uye yakakwira haifaniri kudarika 10°.Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina kuri muhupamhi hwe37°~50°north latitude, saka azimuth angle yegreenhouse inowanzobva kumaodzanyemba kuenda kumadokero.Tichifunga izvi, greenhouse yezuva yakagadzirwa naZhang Jingshe nezvimwewo munzvimbo yeTaiyuan yakasarudza kutariswa kwe5 ° kumadokero kwekumaodzanyemba, greenhouse yezuva yakavakwa naChang Meimei nezvimwewo muGobi nharaunda yeHexi Corridor yatora maitiro. ye5 ° kusvika 10 ° kumadokero kwekumaodzanyemba, uye chiedza chezuva chegreenhouse chakavakwa naMa Zhigui nezvimwewo kuchamhembe kweXinjiang chakagamuchira kutaridzika kwe8 ° kumadokero kwekumaodzanyemba.
02 Dhizaina inonzwisisika pamberi pedenga chimiro uye inorerekera kona
Chimiro uye kurerekera kwedenga remberi zvinosarudza kona yechiitiko chemwaranzi yezuva.Iyo idiki yekona yechiitiko, inokura iyo transmittance.Sun Juren anotenda kuti chimiro chedenga remberi chinonyanya kutsanangurwa nereshiyo yehurefu hwenzvimbo huru yekuvhenekesa uye kumashure kwemateru.Yakareba kumberi kutsetseka uye kupfupi kuseri kutsetseka kunobatsira pakuvheneka uye kuchengetedza kupisa kwedenga repamberi.Chen Wei-Qian nevamwe vanofunga kuti denga guru rekuvhenekera resolar greenhouse rinoshandiswa munzvimbo yeGobi rinotora denderedzwa arc ine radius ye4.5m, iyo inogona kunyatso kurwisa kutonhora.Zhang Jingshe, nezvimwewo vanofunga kuti zvakanyanya kufanira kushandisa semi-denderedzwa arch padenga rekutanga regreenhouse munzvimbo dzealpine uye dzakakwirira.Kana iri yekona yekona yedenga remba, maererano nemwenje wekufambisa hunhu hwefirimu repurasitiki, kana kona yechiitiko iri 0 ~ 40 °, kutaridzika kwedenga remberi kune chiedza chezuva kudiki, uye kana ichipfuura 40 °, iyo reflectivity inowedzera zvakanyanya.Nokudaro, 40 ° inotorwa seyakanyanya chiitiko chekona kuti iverenge iyo inclination angle yedenga repamberi, kuitira kuti kunyange munguva yechando solstice, mhepo yezuva inogona kupinda mu greenhouse kusvika pamwero mukuru.Naizvozvo, pakugadzira solar greenhouse inokodzera nzvimbo dzisina kurimwa muWuhai, Inner Mongolia, He Bin nevamwe vakaverenga kona yekurerekera yedenga remberi neine chiitiko angle ye40 °, uye vakafunga kuti chero yaive yakakura kupfuura makumi matatu. °, inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuvhenekera kwegreenhouse uye kuchengetedza kupisa.Zhang Caihong nevamwe vanofunga kuti pakuvaka dzimba dzegirinhi munzvimbo dzisina kurimwa dzeXinjiang, kona yekurerekera kwedenga remba kumaodzanyemba kweXinjiang i31 °, nepo kuchamhembe kweXinjiang iri 32 ° ~ 33.5 °.
03 Sarudza zvinhu zvinovhara zvinoonekera zvakakodzera.
Kuwedzera kune pesvedzero yekunze kwezuva nemwaranzi mamiriro, zvinhu uye chiedza kutapurirana maitiro egreenhouse firimu zvakare zvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa chiedza uye kupisa nharaunda yegreenhouse.Parizvino, kufambiswa kwechiedza kwemafirimu epurasitiki akadai sePE, PVC, EVA uye PO kwakasiyana nekuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana uye ukobvu hwefirimu.Kazhinji kutaura, kufambiswa kwechiedza kwemafirimu akashandiswa kwemakore 1-3 kunogona kuvimbiswa kuve pamusoro pe88% pane yese, iyo inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvezvirimwa zvemwenje uye tembiricha.Uye zvakare, kunze kwekufambiswa kwechiedza mugreenhouse, kugoverwa kwenzvimbo yechiedza mugreenhouse zvakare chinhu icho vanhu vanobhadhara zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya.Naizvozvo, mumakore achangopfuura, mwenje wekutapurirana unovhara zvinhu nemwenje wakawedzerwa wekuparadzira wakazivikanwa zvakanyanya neindasitiri, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine simba rezuva nemwaranzi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina.Kushandiswa kwefirimu rechiedza rakakwenenzverwa kwakaderedza shading pamusoro nepasi pedenga rechirimwa, kwakawedzera mwenje pakati nepakati pechikamu chechirimwa, kwakavandudza mafotosynthetic echirimwa chose, uye kwakaratidza kuita kwakanaka kwekusimudzira. kukura uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa.
Inonzwisisika dhizaini yegreenhouse saizi
Kureba kwegreenhouse kwakarebesa kana kupfupika, izvo zvinokanganisa kudzora tembiricha yemukati.Kana kureba kwegreenhouse kuri kupfupika, zuva risati rabuda uye zuva ranyura, nzvimbo ine shaded neEast and west gables yakakura, isingaenderane nekudziya kwegreenhouse, uye nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hushoma, inokanganisa ivhu remukati uye madziro. kutorwa uye kusunungurwa kwekupisa.Kana kureba kwakakurisa, zvinonetsa kudzora tembiricha yemukati, uye zvinokanganisa kusimba kweiyo greenhouse chimiro uye kumisikidzwa kwekupisa kuchengetedza quilt rolling mechanism.Kureba uye kureba kwegreenhouse kunokanganisa zvakananga kupenya kwedenga remba, ukuru hwenzvimbo yegreenhouse uye chiyero chekudzivirira.Kana nguva uye kureba kwegreenhouse zvakagadziriswa, kuwedzera kukwirira kwegreenhouse kunogona kuwedzera kona yekuvhenekera kwedenga repamberi kubva pakuona kwenzvimbo yechiedza, iyo inobatsira kutenderera kwechiedza;Kubva pakuona kwemamiriro ekupisa, kureba kwemadziro kunowedzera, uye nzvimbo yekuchengetedza kupisa kwemadziro ekumashure inowedzera, iyo inobatsira pakuchengetedza kupisa uye kusunungurwa kwekupisa kwemashure emadziro.Uyezve, nzvimbo yacho yakakura, chiyero chekupisa chinowedzerawo, uye nzvimbo yekupisa yegreenhouse yakanyanya kugadzikana.Ehe, kuwedzera kukwirira kwegreenhouse kuchawedzera mutengo wegreenhouse, inoda kutariswa kwakazara.Naizvozvo, kana tichigadzira greenhouse, tinofanira kusarudza kureba, kureba uye kureba zvinoenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo.Semuenzaniso, Zhang Caihong nevamwe vanofunga kuti kuchamhembe kweXinjiang, kureba kwegreenhouse i50 ~ 80m, kureba kuri 7m uye kureba kwegreenhouse kuri 3.9m, nepo kumaodzanyemba Xinjiang, kureba kwegreenhouse i50 ~ 80m, iyo span is 8m uye kureba kwegreenhouse i3.6 ~ 4.0m;Inofungidzirwawo kuti span yegreenhouse haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe7m, uye kana iyo span iri 8m, iyo yekupisa kuchengetedza maitiro ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka.Pamusoro pezvo, Chen Weiqian nevamwe vanofunga kuti kureba, kureba uye kureba kwesolar greenhouse kunofanirwa kuve 80m, 8 ~ 10m uye 3.8 ~ 4.2m zvakateerana kana ichivakwa munzvimbo yeGobi yeJiuquan, Gansu.
Kuvandudza kuchengetedza kwekupisa uye kukwanisa kwekudzivirira kwemadziro
Masikati, rusvingo runounganidza kupisa nokutora mwaranzi yezuva uye kupisa kweimwe mhepo yemukati.Husiku, kana tembiricha yemukati yakadzikira pane tembiricha yemudhuri, madziro anongoburitsa kupisa kupisa kupisa greenhouse.Sezvo huru kupisa kupisa muviri wegreenhouse, rusvingo runogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mukati mehusiku tembiricha nharaunda nekuvandudza kwayo kupisa kwekuchengetedza.Panguva imwecheteyo, basa rekudzivirira rinopisa remadziro ndiro hwaro hwekugadzikana kwegreenhouse thermal environment.Parizvino, kune nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuvandudza kupisa kwekuchengetedza uye kugona kwekudzivirira kwemadziro.
01 dhizaini inonzwisisika madziro chimiro
Basa remadziro rinonyanya kusanganisira kupisa kwekuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza kupisa, uye panguva imwechete, mazhinji emadziro egreenhouse anoshandawo senhengo dzinotakura kutsigira denga remba.Kubva pakuona kwekuwana nzvimbo yakanaka yekupisa, chigadziro chemadziro chinonzwisisika chinofanira kunge chine simba rakakwana rekuchengetedza kupisa mukati memukati uye kukwana kwakakwana kwekuchengetedza kupisa kwekunze kwekunze, nekuderedza zvisingakoshi mabhiriji anotonhora.Mukutsvaga kwekuchengetera kupisa kwemadziro uye kuvharisa, Bao Encai nevamwe vakagadzira madziro ejecha akaomeswa passive kupisa ekuchengetedza muWuhai gwenga, Inner Mongolia.Chidhinha cheporous chaishandiswa sechidzitiro chekudzivirira kunze uye jecha rakaomeswa raishandiswa sechitubu chekuchengetedza kupisa mukati.Muedzo wakaratidza kuti tembiricha yemukati inogona kusvika 13.7 ℃ mumazuva ezuva.Ma Yuehong nezvimwewo vakagadzira goko regorosi chivharo chivharo chivharo madziro kuchamhembe kweXinjiang, umo quicklime inozadzwa mumabhuraki edhaka sechidzitiro chekuchengetera kupisa uye mabhegi eslag akaturikidzana kunze sechidzitiro chekudzivirira.Mudhuri webhuroko wakagadzirwa naZhao Peng, zvichingodaro munzvimbo yeGobi mudunhu reGansu, inoshandisa 100mm gobvu benzene bhodhi sevhavha kunze uye jecha uye zvidhinha zvisina mhango sedhiri rekuchengetedza kupisa mukati.Muedzo unoratidza kuti avhareji tembiricha munguva yechando iri pamusoro pe10 ℃ usiku, uye Chai Regeneration, nezvimwewo vanoshandisawo jecha nematombo sechidzitiro chekudzivirira uye kupisa kwekuchengetedza kwemadziro munzvimbo yeGobi mudunhu reGansu.Panyaya yekudzikisa mabhiriji anotonhora, Yan Junyue nezvimwewo akagadzira chiedza uye chakareruka chakaunganidzwa kumashure kwemadziro, izvo zvisina kungovandudza kupisa kwemadziro emadziro, asi zvakare akavandudza chisimbiso pfuma yemadziro nekunamatira polystyrene board kunze kweshure. wall;Wu Letian etc. akaisa akasimbisa kongiri mhete danda pamusoro nheyo greenhouse rusvingo, uye akashandisa trapezoidal zvidhinha stamping chete pamusoro mhete danda kutsigira shure denga, izvo kugadzirisa dambudziko kuti makatsemuka uye nheyo subsidence zviri nyore kuitika greenhouses muna Hotian, Xinjiang, nekudaro inokanganisa kupisa kwekupisa kwegreenhouses.
02 Sarudza kwakakodzera kuchengetera kupisa uye zvinhu zvekudzivirira.
Kupisa kwekuchengetedza uye kukanganisa kwemadziro emadziro kunobva pakutanga pakusarudza kwezvinhu.Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwegwenga, Gobi, nyika ine jecha nedzimwe nzvimbo, maererano nemamiriro enzvimbo, vatsvakurudzi vakatora zvinhu zvemunharaunda uye vakaedza neushingi kugadzira marudzi akawanda akasiyana-siyana emadziro emashure emagetsi ezuva.Semuenzaniso, apo Zhang Guosen nevamwe vakavaka dzimba dzegirinhi muminda yejecha nematombo muGansu, jecha nematombo zvakashandiswa sekuchengetedza kupisa uye madziro ekudzivirira;Zvinoenderana nehunhu hweGobi uye renje kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina, Zhao Peng akagadzira rudzi rwemadziro emadziro ane matombo ejecha uye mhango semidziyo.Muedzo unoratidza kuti avhareji yemukati mehusiku tembiricha iri pamusoro pe10 ℃.Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvinhu zvekuvakisa zvakaita sezvidhinha nevhu mudunhu reGobi kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina, Zhou Changji nevamwe vakawana kuti magreenhouse eko anowanzo shandisa hurungudo semudhuri pakuongorora dzimba dzezuva munzvimbo yeGobi yeKizilsu Kirgiz, Xinjiang.Tichifunga nezvekushanda kwekupisa uye simba remagetsi ehurungudo, greenhouse yakavakwa nehurungudo ine kuita kwakanaka maererano nekuchengetedza kupisa, kuchengetedza kupisa uye kutakura mutoro.Saizvozvo, Zhang Yong, etc. zvakare shandisa hurungudo sechinhu chikuru chemadziro, uye akagadzira yakazvimirira kupisa ekuchengetedza hurungudo kuseri kwemadziro muShanxi nedzimwe nzvimbo.Muedzo unoratidza kuti kupisa kwekuchengetedza mhedzisiro yakanaka.Zhang etc. yakagadzira rudzi rwemadziro ejecha maererano nemaitiro ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweGobi nzvimbo, iyo inogona kusimudza kupisa kwemukati ne2.5 ℃.Mukuwedzera, Ma Yuehong nevamwe vakaedza kupisa kwekuchengetedza kwevhavha-yakazara jecha rusvingo, rusvingo rwekuvhara uye rusvingo rwezvidhinha muHotian, Xinjiang.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti iyo block-yakazadzwa jecha madziro aive nehukuru hukuru hwekuchengetedza kupisa.Mukuwedzera, kuitira kuti uvandudze kupisa kwekuchengetedza kushanda kwemadziro, vatsvakurudzi vanoshingaira kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvekuchengetedza kupisa uye matekinoroji.Semuyenzaniso, Bao Encai akakurudzira chikamu chekuchinja chekurapa agent zvinhu, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa kupisa kwekuchengetedza kwemadziro ekuseri kwesolar greenhouse kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenzvimbo dzisina kurimwa.Sekuongorora kwezvinhu zvemunharaunda, uswa, slag, benzene board uye mashanga zvinoshandiswawo semadziro emadziro, asi zvinhu izvi zvinowanzova nebasa rekuchengetedza kupisa uye hapana simba rekuchengetedza kupisa.Kazhinji kutaura, madziro akazadzwa nematombo uye zvidhinha ane yakanaka yekuchengetera kupisa uye simba rekudzivirira.
03 Wedzera zvakafanira ukobvu hwemadziro
Kazhinji, kupisa kwekushisa indekisi yakakosha yekuyera kupisa kwekushisa kwemadziro kuita kwemadziro, uye chinhu chinokanganisa kupisa kwekupisa ndiko ukobvu hwechinyorwa chemukati kunze kwekupisa kwekushisa kwezvinhu.Naizvozvo, pahwaro hwekusarudza kwakakodzera kupisa kwemafuta ekudzivirira zvinhu, zvakafanira kuwedzera ukobvu hwemadziro kunogona kuwedzera kushivirira kwese kwemadziro uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekupisa kuburikidza nemadziro, nekudaro kuwedzera kupisa kwekupisa uye kupisa kwekuchengetedza kwemadziro uye. greenhouse yose.Semuenzaniso, muGansu nedzimwe nzvimbo, avhareji ukobvu hwesaga madziro muZhangye Guta i2.6m, nepo iyo yedhaka masonry wall muJiuquan City iri 3.7m.Iko kukora kwemadziro, kunowedzera kuvharidzira kwayo kupisa uye kugona kwekuchengetedza kupisa.Nekudaro, madziro akakora akawandisa achawedzera kugara pasi uye mutengo wekuvaka greenhouse.Nokudaro, kubva pakuona kwekuvandudza simba rekudzivirira kwekushisa, tinofanirawo kupa zvakakosha pakusarudza zvinhu zvakakwirira zvekupisa zvinopisa zvine low thermal conductivity, zvakadai se polystyrene, polyurethane nezvimwe zvinhu, uye tozowedzera kukora zvakakodzera.
Zvinonzwisisika dhizaini reshure redenga
Nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwedenga remashure, kunyanya kufunga hakusi kukonzera kukanganiswa kwe shading uye kuvandudza simba rekudzivirira kupisa.Kuti kuderedze pesvedzero ye shading padenga rekumashure, kugadzika kwekona yaro yekurerekera kunonyanya kuenderana nekuti denga rekumashure rinogona kugamuchira zuva rakananga masikati kana zvirimwa zvinodyarwa uye zvinogadzirwa.Nokudaro, kona yekukwirira kwedenga rekumashure inowanzosarudzwa kuti ive nani pane yemunharaunda solar altitude angle yechando solstice ye7 ° ~ 8 °.Semuyenzaniso, Zhang Caihong nevamwe vanofunga kuti pakuvaka magreenhouse ezuva muGobi nenzvimbo dzine saline-alkali land muXinjiang, kureba kwedenga rekuseri kunosvika 1.6m, saka kona yedenga rekumashure i40° kumaodzanyemba Xinjiang uye 45° kuchamhembe Xinjiang.Chen Wei-Qian nevamwe vanofunga kuti denga rekumashure resolar greenhouse munzvimbo yeJiuquan Gobi rinofanira kurerekera ku40 °.Nekupisa kwekupisa kwedenga rekumashure, iyo yekupisa yekuvharisa simba inofanirwa kuve yakavimbiswa kunyanya mukusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvinopisa zvekupisa, iyo inodiwa ukobvu dhizaini uye inonzwisisika lap joint yemafuta ekudzivirira zvinhu panguva yekuvaka.
Deredza kupisa kwevhu kurasikirwa
Munguva yeusiku hwechando, nokuti kutonhora kwevhu remukati kwakakwirira kudarika ivhu rekunze, kupisa kwevhu remukati kuchaendeswa kune kunze nekupisa conduction, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwekupisa kwegreenhouse.Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuderedza kupisa kwevhu.
01 kuvhara kwevhu
Ivhu rinonyura zvakanaka, kudzivirira chando chevhu, uye kushandisa ivhu kuchengetedza kupisa.Somuenzaniso, "1448 zvinhu zvitatu-mumwe-muviri" solar greenhouse yakagadzirwa neChai Regeneration uye imwe nyika isina kurima muHexi Corridor yakavakwa nekuchera 1m pasi, inobudirira kudzivisa ivhu rechando;Zvinoenderana nenyaya yekuti kudzika kwevhu rakaomeswa nechando munzvimbo yeTurpan i 0.8m, Wang Huamin nevamwe vakakurudzira kuchera 0.8m kuvandudza kupisa kwekupisa kwegreenhouse.Apo Zhang Guosen, nezvimwewo akavaka madziro ekumashure e-double-arch-double-film digging solar greenhouse panzvimbo isingarimeke, kudzika kwekuchera kwaiva 1m.Kuedza kwakaratidza kuti tembiricha yakadzikira husiku yakawedzera ne2 ~ 3 ℃ kana ichienzaniswa neyechinyakare yechipiri-chizvarwa chesolar greenhouse.
02 nheyo inotonhora yekudzivirira
Nzira huru ndeyekuchera mugero unotonhora-uchapupu padivi penheyo chikamu chedenga remba, kuzadza zvinhu zvinopisa zvekudzivirira, kana kuramba uchiviga zvinhu zvinopisa zvekudzivirira pasi pevhu pamwe nechikamu chemadziro enheyo, izvo zvese zvinovavarira kudzikisa kurasikirwa kwekupisa kunokonzerwa ne kupisa kupisa kuburikidza nevhu pamuganhu chikamu chegreenhouse.Zvinhu zvinopisa zvekupisa zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvinoenderana nemamiriro enzvimbo kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina, uye zvinogona kuwanikwa munharaunda, senge uswa, slag, rock wool, polystyrene board, uswa hwechibage, mupfudze webhiza, mashizha akadonha, huswa hwakaputsika, sawdust, sora, sadza, etc.
03 mulch firimu
Nekuvhara firimu yepurasitiki, chiedza chezuva chinogona kusvika kune ivhu kuburikidza nefirimu yepurasitiki masikati, uye ivhu rinotora kupisa kwezuva uye rinopisa.Uyezve, iyo firimu yepurasitiki inogona kuvharidzira iyo yakareba-wave nemwaranzi inoratidzwa nevhu, nokudaro kuderedza mwaranzi kurasikirwa kwevhu uye kuwedzera kupisa kwekuchengetera ivhu.Husiku, firimu repurasitiki rinogona kutadzisa convective kupisa kuchinjanisa pakati pevhu nemhepo yemukati, nokudaro kuderedza kupisa kwevhu.Panguva imwecheteyo, firimu repurasitiki rinogonawo kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekupisa kunokonzerwa nekubuda kwemvura yevhu.Wei Wenxiang akafukidza greenhouse nefirimu repurasitiki muQinghai Plateau, uye kuyedza kwakaratidza kuti tembiricha yepasi inogona kusimudzwa neinosvika 1 ℃.
Simbisa iyo thermal insulation performance yedenga remberi
Denga repamberi regreenhouse ndiyo inonyanya kupisa kupisa kwepasi, uye iyo yakarasika kupisa inoverengera inopfuura 75% yehuwandu hwekupisa kurasikirwa mugreenhouse.Nokudaro, kusimbisa simba rekudzivirira kupisa kwedenga repamberi regreenhouse rinogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kuburikidza nedenga repamberi uye kuvandudza mamiriro ekupisa kwechando echando.Parizvino, pane matanho matatu makuru ekuvandudza iyo thermal insulation kugona kwedenga repamberi.
01 Multi-layer transparent covering inogamuchirwa.
Zvimiro, kushandisa kaviri-layer firimu kana matatu-layer firimu seyakajeka-inotapurirana pamusoro pegreenhouse inogona zvinobudirira kuvandudza thermal insulation performance yegreenhouse.Semuenzaniso, Zhang Guosen nevamwe vakagadzira kaviri-arch kaviri-firimu digging type solar greenhouse munzvimbo yeGobi yeJiuquan City.Kunze kwedenga remba yegreenhouse yakagadzirwa neEVA firimu, uye mukati meiyo greenhouse inogadzirwa nePVC drip-free anti-aging film.Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kana zvichienzaniswa neyechipiri-chizvarwa chezuva greenhouse, iyo thermal insulation effect inoshamisa, uye tembiricha yakaderera usiku inokwira ne2 ~ 3 ℃ paavhareji.Saizvozvo, Zhang Jingshe, etc. zvakare akagadzira solar greenhouse ine kaviri firimu inofukidza mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo yakakwira latitude uye nzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakanyanya, izvo zvakavandudza zvakanyanya kupisa kwekupisa kwegreenhouse.Kuenzaniswa neyekudzora greenhouse, tembiricha yehusiku yakawedzera ne3 ℃.Pamusoro pezvo, Wu Letian nevamwe vakaedza kushandisa akaturikidzana matatu e0.1mm gobvu EVA firimu padenga remba resolar greenhouse rakagadzirwa munzvimbo yerenje reHetian, Xinjiang.Multi-layer film inogona kunyatso kudzikisa kupisa kwekupisa kwedenga remba, asi nekuda kwekuti chiedza chekufambisa chefirimu-chepamusoro chinenge 90%, firimu re-multi-layer rinozotungamirira mukudzikiswa kwechiedza chekufambisa.Naizvozvo, kana uchisarudza akawanda-layer light transmittance covering, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise zvakafanira mamiriro ekuvhenekesa uye mwenje zvinodiwa zvegreenhouses.
02 Simbisa kudzivirira kwehusiku kwedenga remba
Firimu repurasitiki rinoshandiswa padenga remba kuti riwedzere kufambiswa kwechiedza mukati mezuva, uye inova nzvimbo isina kusimba mugreenhouse yese usiku.Naizvozvo, kuvhara kunze kwedenga remba negobvu rinosanganiswa nemafuta ekudzivirira quilt ndiyo inodiwa yekupisa yekupisa chiyero che solar greenhouses.Semuyenzaniso, mudunhu reQinghai alpine, Liu Yanjie nevamwe vaishandisa machira emashanga nemapepa ekraft sematairi ekudzivirira anopisa ekuedza.Mhedzisiro yemuyedzo yakaratidza kuti tembiricha yakaderera yemukati mugreenhouse husiku inogona kusvika pamusoro pe7.7 ℃.Uyezve, Wei Wenxiang anotenda kuti kupisa kwekupisa kwegreenhouse kunogona kudzikiswa neanopfuura 90% nekushandisa machira maviri euswa kana kraft bepa kunze kwemaketeni euswa ekudzivirira kupisa munzvimbo ino.Pamusoro pezvo, Zou Ping, nezvimwewo zvakashandiswa zvakadzokororwa faibha inoshongedzerwa yainzwa kupisa kwekushisa kwezuva munzvimbo yeGobi yeXinjiang, uye Chang Meimei, nezvimwewo. vakashandisa kupisa kwesangweji sandwich donje remafuta ekudzivirira quilt mugreenhouse yezuva mudunhu reGobi. Hexi Corridor.Parizvino, kune akawanda marudzi emafuta ekudzivirira anopisa anoshandiswa mu solar greenhouses, asi mazhinji acho anogadzirwa neanoshongedzwa anonzwa, glue-yakapfapfaidzwa donje, pearl donje, nezvimwewo, ine isingapinde mvura kana anti-kuchembera pamusoro peturu pamativi ese.Zvinoenderana neiyo yekupisa yekumisa mashandiro eiyo thermal insulation quilt, kuti ivandudze mashandiro ayo ekudzivirira kupisa, isu tinofanirwa kutanga nekuvandudza kushivirira kwayo uye kudzikisa kupisa kwayo kuchinjisa coefficient, uye matanho makuru ndeekudzikisa kupisa kwekupisa kwezvinhu, kuwedzera kukora kwe. zvinyorwa zvezvinhu kana kuwedzera nhamba yezvikamu zvezvinhu, etc. Naizvozvo, panguva ino, iyo yakakosha zvinhu zvekupisa kwekupisa quilt ine high thermal insulation performance inowanzogadzirwa ne-multilayer composite zvinhu.Zvinoenderana nebvunzo, iyo yekupisa yekupisa coefficient ye thermal insulation quilt ine yakakwira yekupisa insulation performance parizvino inogona kusvika 0.5W/(m2 ℃), iyo inopa vimbiso iri nani yekupisa kwekupisa kwegreenhouse munzvimbo dzinotonhora munguva yechando.Ehe, nzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero ine mhepo uye ine guruva, uye ultraviolet mwaranzi ine simba, saka iyo yekupisa yekuvharisa pamusoro pedhiri inofanirwa kuve yakanaka yekurwisa kuchembera.
03 Wedzera keteni remukati rekudzivirira kupisa.
Kunyangwe denga remberi regreenhouse yezuva rakafukidzwa nekunze kwekupisa kupisa quilt usiku, sekunge zvimwe zvimiro zvegreenhouse yese zvine chekuita, denga repamberi richiri nzvimbo isina kusimba yegreenhouse yese husiku.Naizvozvo, boka repurojekiti ye "Structure and Construction Technology yeGreenhouse muNorthwest Non-arable Land" yakagadzira yakapfava yemukati thermal insulation roll-up system (Mufananidzo 1), iyo chimiro chine chidzitiro chemukati chekudzivirira kupisa kwemukati pamberi petsoka uye. chidzitiro chemukati chinofambiswa chemukati chekudzivirira munzvimbo yepamusoro.Iyo yekumusoro inotakurika yekupisa yekudzivirira keteni inovhurwa uye yapetwa kumadziro ekuseri kwegreenhouse mukati mezuva, iyo isingakanganise kuvhenekera kwegreenhouse;Iyo yakagadziriswa thermal insulation quilt pazasi inoita basa rekuisa chisimbiso usiku.Iyo yemukati insulation dhizaini yakashambidzika uye iri nyore kushanda, uye inogona zvakare kutamba basa remumvuri uye kutonhora muzhizha.
Active warming technology
Nekuda kwekushisa kwakadzika munguva yechando kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina, kana tikangovimba nekuchengetedza kupisa uye kuchengetedzwa kwekupisa mumagreenhouses, isu hatigone kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa 'overwintering kugadzirwa mune imwe kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze, saka mamwe anoshingaira ekudziya matanho ari zvakare. kunetseka.
Solar simba rekuchengetedza uye kupisa kuburitsa system
Icho chikonzero chakakosha kuti rusvingo rune mabasa ekuchengetedza kupisa, kuchengetedza kupisa uye kutakura mutoro, izvo zvinotungamirira kumutengo wepamusoro wekuvaka uye pasi pekushandiswa kwepasi kwemhepo ye solar greenhouses.Naizvozvo, kurerutsa uye kuungana kwe solar greenhouses kunosungirwa kuve yakakosha nzira yekusimudzira mune ramangwana.Pakati pavo, kurerutsa basa remadziro ndiko kusunungura kupisa kwekuchengetedza uye kusunungura basa remadziro, kuitira kuti madziro ekumashure atakure chete basa rekuchengetedza kupisa, inova nzira inoshanda yekurerutsa kukura.Semuenzaniso, Fang Hui's active heat storage and release system (Mufananidzo 2) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzisina kurima dzakadai seGansu, Ningxia neXinjiang.mudziyo wayo wekuunganidza kupisa wakaturikwa pamadziro ekuchamhembe.Masikati, kupisa kunounganidzwa nemudziyo wekuunganidza kupisa kunochengetwa mumuviri wekuchengetedza kupisa kuburikidza nekutenderera kwenzvimbo yekuchengetedza kupisa, uye usiku, kupisa kunosunungurwa uye kunopisa nekutenderera kwepakati yekuchengetedza kupisa, nokudaro kuona kupisa kupisa munguva uye nzvimbo.Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti tembiricha shoma mugreenhouse inogona kusimudzwa ne3 ~ 5 ℃ nekushandisa mudziyo uyu.Wang Zhiwei etc. akaisa pamberi mvura chidzitiro kudziyisa hurongwa nokuda solar greenhouse kumaodzanyemba Xinjiang gwenga nzvimbo, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera tembiricha girinihausi ne2.1℃ usiku.
Mukuwedzera, Bao Encai nezvimwewo yakagadzira inoshingaira yekuchengetera kupisa kutenderera system yekumusoro kwemadziro.Masikati, kuburikidza nekutenderera kweaxial mafeni, mhepo inopisa yemukati inoyerera ichipinda nemugero rekutamisa kupisa rakamisikidzwa mumadziro ekuchamhembe, uye tembiricha yekupisa inotsinhanisa kupisa neyakagadzika yekupisa mukati memadziro, iyo inovandudza zvakanyanya simba rekuchengetedza kupisa. rusvingo.Mukuwedzera, iyo solar phase-kuchinja kupisa kwekuchengetedza system yakagadzirwa naYan Yantao etc. inochengetedza kupisa muchikamu-kuchinja zvinhu kuburikidza nevateresi vezuva masikati, uyezve inobvisa kupisa mumhepo yemukati kuburikidza nekutenderera kwemhepo usiku, iyo inogona kuwedzera avhareji tembiricha ne2.0 ℃ usiku.Iwo ari pamusoro pesimba rekushandisa tekinoroji uye michina ine hunhu hwehupfumi, kuchengetedza simba uye yakaderera kabhoni.Mushure mekugadzirisa nekuvandudza, vanofanirwa kuve netarisiro yakanaka yekushandisa munzvimbo dzine simba rezuva rakawanda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina.
Mamwe ebetsero tekinoroji dzekudziya
01 biomass simba kupisa
Mibhedha, mashanga, ndove yemombe, ndove yehwai netsvina yehuku zvinosanganiswa nebhaibheri bacteria zvovigwa muvhu mugreenhouse.Kupisa kwakawanda kunogadzirwa panguva yekuvirisa, uye akawanda anobatsira anobatsira, organic matter uye CO2 inogadzirwa panguva yekuvirisa.Matambudziko anobatsira anogona kudzivisa uye kuuraya utachiona hwakasiyana-siyana, uye inogona kuderedza kuitika kwezvirwere zvegreenhouse uye zvipembenene;Organic matter inogona kuita fetereza yezvirimwa;Iyo CO2 inogadzirwa inogona kusimudzira photosynthesis yezvirimwa.Semuyenzaniso, Wei Wenxiang akaviga mafetiraiza anopisa akaita semupfudze webhiza, mupfudze wemombe uye mupfudze wemakwai muvhu remukati mune solar greenhouse muQinghai Plateau, iyo yakasimudza zvakanyanya tembiricha yepasi.Munzvimbo yesolar greenhouse munzvimbo yegwenga yeGansu, Zhou Zhilong akashandisa mashanga uye organic fetereza kuvirisa pakati pezvirimwa.Muedzo wakaratidza kuti tembiricha yegreenhouse inogona kuwedzerwa ne2 ~ 3 ℃.
02 kupisa kwemarasha
Kune chitofu chekugadzira, heater yemvura inochengetedza simba uye kudziyisa.Semuenzaniso, mushure mekuongorora muQinghai Plateau, Wei Wenxiang akawana kuti kupisa kwechoto kwekugadzira kwainyanya kushandiswa munharaunda.Iyi nzira yekudziya ine mabhenefiti ekukurumidza kupisa uye pachena kupisa maitiro.Zvisinei, magasi anokuvadza akadai seSO2, CO neH2S achabudiswa mukupisa marasha, saka zvakakosha kuita basa rakanaka rekubudisa magasi anokuvadza.
03 kupisa kwemagetsi
Shandisa waya yekudziya yemagetsi kupisa denga repamberi regreenhouse, kana kushandisa hita yemagetsi.Mhedzisiro yekupisa inoshamisa, kushandiswa kwakachengeteka, hapana zvinosvibisa zvinogadzirwa mugreenhouse, uye midziyo yekudziya iri nyore kudzora.Chen Weiqian nevamwe vanofunga kuti dambudziko rekukuvara kwechando munguva yechando munzvimbo yeJiuquan rinotadzisa kuvandudzwa kwekurima kweGobi, uye magetsi ekudziya anogona kushandiswa kupisa greenhouse.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemhando yepamusoro yemagetsi emagetsi zviwanikwa, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakakwira uye mutengo wakakwira.Zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvishandiswe senzira yenguva pfupi yekudziya kwechimbichimbi mukutonhora kwakanyanya.
Matanho ekutarisira zvakatipoteredza
Mukugadzira uye kushandiswa kwegreenhouse, iyo yakazara midziyo uye yakajairwa kushanda haigone kunyatso kuona kuti nzvimbo yayo yekupisa inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.Muchokwadi, kushandiswa uye manejimendi emidziyo inowanzoita basa rakakosha mukuumbwa uye kuchengetedza kwenzvimbo yekupisa, iyo inonyanya kukosha iyo ndeyekutarisira kwezuva nezuva kweiyo thermal insulation quilt uye vent.
Kutungamira kweiyo thermal insulation quilt
Thermal insulation quilt ndiyo kiyi yekuvharisa kwehusiku kupisa kwedenga remba, saka zvakakosha zvakanyanya kunatsiridza manejimendi ayo ezuva nezuva uye kugadzirisa, kunyanya matambudziko anotevera anofanirwa kutariswa kune: ①Sarudza yakakodzera kuvhura uye nguva yekuvhara yekupisa yekuvharisa quilt. .Iyo yekuvhura uye yekuvhara nguva yekupisa yekupisa quilt haingokanganisa nguva yekuvhenekesa yegreenhouse, asiwo inokanganisa nzira yekupisa mugreenhouse.Kuvhura nekuvhara iyo thermal insulation quilt yakakurumidza kana kunonoka hazvikodzeri kuunganidzwa kwekupisa.Mangwanani, kana chivharo chikafukidzwa kare, tembiricha yemukati inodonha zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudzikira kwekunze kwekunze uye chiedza chisina simba.Pane zvinopesana, kana nguva yekufukunura quilt yakanonoka, nguva yekugamuchira chiedza mu greenhouse ichapfupiswa, uye kutonhora kwemukati kunowedzera nguva ichanonoka.Mumasikati, kana iyo inopisa inopisa quilt yakadzimwa kare, nguva yekupinda mukati ichapfupiswa, uye kuchengetwa kwekupisa kwevhu remukati nemadziro kuchaderedzwa.Pane zvinopesana, kana kuchengetedzwa kwekupisa kwakadzimwa kunonoka, kupisa kwekushisa kwegreenhouse kuchawedzerwa nekuda kwekushisa kwekunze kwekunze uye chiedza chisina simba.Naizvozvo, kazhinji kutaura, kana chivharo chekudzivirira chikabatidzwa mangwanani, zvinokurudzirwa kuti tembiricha ikwire mushure mekudonha kwe1 ~ 2 ℃, nepo kana chivharo chekudzivirira chikadzimwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuti tembiricha ikwire. mushure me1 ~ 2 ℃ kudonha.② Paunenge uchivhara quilt yekupisa yekupisa, teerera kuti utarise kana iyo yekupisa yekudzivirira inovhara matenga ese epamberi zvakasimba, uye gadzirisa iwo nenguva kana paine gaka.③ Mushure mekunge thermal insulation quilt yanyatsoiswa pasi, tarisa kuti chikamu chezasi chave chakaumbwa, kuitira kudzivirira kupisa kwekuchengetedza kusasimudzwa nemhepo husiku.④ Tarisa uye chengetedza iyo yekupisa yekuvharisa quilt munguva, kunyanya kana iyo yekupisa yekuvharisa quilt yakuvadzwa, gadzirisa kana kuitsiva nenguva.⑤ Chenjerera kumamiriro ekunze nenguva.Kana kuine mvura kana chando, vhara iyo thermal insulation quilt nenguva uye bvisa sinou nenguva.
Kutarisira mavheti
Chinangwa chekufefetera munguva yechando ndechekugadzirisa tembiricha yemhepo kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya masikati masikati;Chechipiri ndechokubvisa unyoro hwemukati, kuderedza hunyoro hwemhepo mugreenhouse uye kudzora tupukanana nezvirwere;Chechitatu kuwedzera indoor CO2 concentration uye kukurudzira kukura kwezvirimwa.Zvisinei, kupinza mhepo nekuchengetedza kupisa kunopesana.Kana kufefetedza kusingatarisirwi zvakanaka, zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko ekupisa.Naizvozvo, riini uye kwenguva yakareba sei kuvhura mavheti anoda kugadziridzwa zvine simba zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze egreenhouse chero nguva.Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenzvimbo dzisina kurima, manejimendi e greenhouse vents anonyanya kukamurwa kuva nzira mbiri: manual operation uye nyore mechanical ventilation.Nekudaro, iyo nguva yekuvhura uye yekufemesa nguva yemavhenji inonyanya kuenderana nekutonga kwevanhu, saka zvinogona kuitika kuti mavhavha anovhurwa nekukurumidza kana kunonoka.Kugadzirisa matambudziko ari pamusoro, Yin Yilei etc. yakagadzira denga rakangwara rekufefetedza mudziyo, rinogona kuona nguva yekuvhura uye yekuvhura nekuvhara saizi yemakomba ekufefetedza zvinoenderana nekushanduka kwenzvimbo yemukati.Nekudzika kwetsvakiridzo pamutemo wekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza uye kudiwa kwezvirimwa, pamwe nekufarirwa uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji nemidziyo yakadai sekuona kwezvakatipoteredza, kuunganidzwa kweruzivo, kuongorora uye kutonga, otomatiki yekutonga kwemhepo mumasolar greenhouses kunofanirwa kunge kuri. yakakosha nzira yebudiriro mune ramangwana.
Mamwe matanho ekutarisira
Mukuita kwekushandisa akasiyana siyana emafirimu akadururwa, simba ravo rekufambisa mwenje richadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kukurumidza kupera simba hakunei chete neavo emuviri zvimiro, asi zvakare zvine chekuita nenharaunda yakapoteredza uye manejimendi panguva yekushandiswa.Mukushandiswa kwekushandiswa, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chinokonzera kuderera kwekushanda kwekufambisa chiedza ndiko kusvibiswa kwepamusoro pefirimu.Nokudaro, zvakakosha zvikuru kuita kuchenesa uye kuchenesa nguva dzose kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumira.Mukuwedzera, iyo yakavharirwa chimiro chegreenhouse inofanira kuongororwa nguva dzose.Kana paine kudonhedza mumadziro nedenga repamberi, inofanirwa kugadziriswa nenguva kuitira kudzivirira greenhouse kukanganiswa nemhepo inotonhora inopinda.
Matambudziko aripo uye gwara rebudiriro
Vatsvakurudzi vakaongorora uye vakadzidza kuchengetedza kupisa uye kuchengetedza teknolojia, kutarisira teknolojia uye nzira dzekudziya dze greenhouses kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenzvimbo dzisina kurimwa kwemakore akawanda, iyo yakanyatsoona kuti overwintering kugadzirwa kwemiriwo, yakavandudza zvikuru kukwanisa kwegreenhouse kudzivisa kukuvara kwakadzika-tembiricha. , uye chaizvoizvo akaziva overwintering kugadzirwa miriwo.Yakaita mupiro wenhoroondo mukuderedza kupokana pakati pechikafu nemiriwo inokwikwidza kuwana ivhu muChina.Nekudaro, kuchine matambudziko anotevera mune tembiricha vimbiso tekinoroji kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweChina.
MaGreenhouse marudzi anofanira kuvandudzwa
Parizvino, mhando dzegreenhouses dzichiri dzakajairika dzakavakwa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi20 uye kutanga kwezana rino ramakore, ine chimiro chakareruka, dhizaini isina musoro, kusakwanisa kuchengetedza greenhouse yekupisa nharaunda uye kuramba njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, uye kushaikwa kwekumisikidza.Naizvozvo, mune ramangwana dhizaini dhizaini, chimiro uye kurerekera kwedenga remberi, azimuth angle yegreenhouse, kureba kwemadziro ekumashure, kudzika kwakadzika kwegreenhouse, nezvimwe zvinofanirwa kuve zvakamisikidzwa nekubatanidza zvizere nzvimbo yenzvimbo. uye maitiro emamiriro ekunze.Panguva imwecheteyo, chirimwa chimwe chete chinogona kudyarwa mugreenhouse kusvika pazvinobvira, kuitira kuti kuenzanisa kwegreenhouse kuitwe zvinoenderana nechiedza uye tembiricha zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa zvakadyarwa.
Greenhouse scale idiki.
Kana iyo greenhouse scale iri diki zvakanyanya, zvinokanganisa kugadzikana kweiyo greenhouse thermal nharaunda uye kuvandudzwa kwemichina.Nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwemutengo wevashandi, kusimudzira mechanization igwara rakakosha mune ramangwana.Naizvozvo, mune ramangwana, isu tinofanira kuzvigadzika padanho rebudiriro yenzvimbo, tichifunga zvinodiwa zvekuvandudzwa kwemishini, kugadzira zvine hungwaru nzvimbo yemukati uye marongerwo egreenhouses, kukurumidza kutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwemidziyo yekurima yakakodzera nzvimbo dzenzvimbo, uye kunatsiridza mwero wemashini wekugadzira greenhouse.Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvezvirimwa uye maitiro ekurima, iyo yakakodzera michina inofanirwa kuenderana nezviyero, uye iyo yakabatanidzwa yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, hunyanzvi uye kufarirwa kwemhepo yekufefetera, kudzikisa humidity, kuchengetedza kupisa uye kupisa michina inofanirwa kusimudzirwa.
Hukobvu hwemadziro akaita sejecha uye maburi maburi huchiri kukora.
Kana rusvingo rwakanyanya kukora, kunyange zvazvo kushandiswa kwekudzivirira kwakanaka, kunoderedza kushandiswa kwevhu, kuwedzera mari uye kuoma kwekuvaka.Naizvozvo, mune ramangwana budiriro, kune rumwe rutivi, ukobvu hwemadziro hunogona kugadziriswa nesainzi maererano nemamiriro ekunze ekunze;Ukuwo, tinofanira kusimudzira chiedza uye nyore kukura shure rusvingo, kuitira kuti shure rusvingo girinihausi chete anochengeta basa rokuchengetedza kupisa, kushandisa vaunganidzi vezuva uye zvimwe midziyo kutsiva kupisa okuchengetera uye kusunungurwa rusvingo. .Vateresi veSolar vane hunhu hwekuunganidza kupisa kwakanyanya, simba rakasimba rekuunganidza, simba rekuchengetedza, yakaderera kabhoni uye zvichingodaro, uye vazhinji vavo vanogona kuona inoshanda mutemo uye kutonga, uye vanogona kuita yakanangwa exothermic kupisa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze zvinodiwa greenhouse. usiku, nepamusoro-soro yekushandiswa kwekupisa.
Special thermal insulation quilt inoda kugadzirwa.
Denga repamberi ndiro mutumbi mukuru wekupisa kupisa mugreenhouse, uye kupisa kwekushisa kwekushisa kweiyo thermal insulation quilt kunobata zvakananga nharaunda yekupisa yemukati.Parizvino, tembiricha yegreenhouse mune dzimwe nzvimbo haina kunaka, pamwe nekuti iyo tembiricha yekuvharisa yakatetepa, uye kupisa kwekushisa kwekushandisa kwezvinhu hakuna kukwana.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yekupisa yekuvharisa quilt ichine mamwe matambudziko, senge kusasimba kwemvura uye kugona skiing, kuchembera kuri nyore kwepasi uye core zvinhu, etc. Naizvozvo, mune ramangwana, yakakodzera thermal insulation zvinhu zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa nesainzi zvinoenderana nenharaunda. hunhu hwemamiriro ekunze uye zvinodiwa, uye yakakosha yekupisa yekuvharisa quilt zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera kushandiswa kwenzvimbo uye mukurumbira zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa nekuvandudzwa.
END
Mashoko akataurwa
Luo Ganliang, Cheng Jieyu, Wang Pingzhi, nezvimwewoAgricultural Engineering Technology, 2022,42(28):12-20.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-09-2023