Greenhouse horticultural yekurima engineering technologyRakabudiswa na 17: 30 musi waGumiguru 14, 2022 muBeijing

Nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwepasi rese, kuda kwevanhu kuti chikafu chiri kuwedzera zuva nezuva, uye zvakapfuura zvinodiwa zvinoiswa pamberi pekudya chikafu uye kuchengeteka. Kukudziridza yakakwirira-good uye yakakwirira-emhando yezvirimwa zvakakosha nzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko ekudya. Nekudaro, nzira yechinyakare inobereka inotora nguva yakareba yekukudziridza mhando dzakanaka, dzinogumira kufambira mberi kwekubereka. Zvirimwa zvegore zvegore, zvinogona kutora 10 ~ makore gumi nemashanu kubva kumubereki wekutanga kuyambuka mukugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana siyana. Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti zvikurumidze kufambira mberi kwekubereka kwezvirimwa, zvinokurumidzira kuti ubatsire kugona uye kupfupisa nguva yechizvarwa.

Kukurumidza kubereka kunoreva kuwedzera huwandu hwekukura kwezvirimwa, zvichikura kuyerera uye kubereka kutenderera, uye kupfupisa kutenderera kwemamiriro ezvinhu epakatirwidzo munzvimbo yakadzora nzvimbo yekuwedzera. Fekitari yekudyara inzvimbo yekurima inokwanisa kuwana yakakwira-zvakanaka cripment kugadzirwa kuburikidza nekunyanyisa-chaiyo mamiriro ekunze mukutonga mune zvivakwa, uye inzvimbo yakakodzera yekukurumidza kubereka. Mamiriro ekunze ekudyara akadai sechiedza, tembiricha, humidity uye co2 kusangana mufekitori kwakadzorwa, uye hazvina kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze ekunze. Pasi pemamiriro ekunze akatodzikiswa, iyo yakanyanya kujeka, nguva yechiedza uye tembiricha inogona kukurudzira maitiro akasiyana siyana ezvirimwa, kunyanya photosynthesis uye kuyerera, nekupfupisa nguva yechiyero chekukura kwegopi. Kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvechidyarwa tekinoroji kudzora kukura kwezvirimwa uye kukura, kukohwa michero isati yasvika, chero bedzi mitezo mishoma nekugona kwechibereko kunogona kusangana nezvinodiwa.

Photaperiod, iyo huru yezvenzvimbo yechinhu ichikanganisa kurima kwekupedzisira kutenderera

Kutenderera kwechiedza kunoreva kushandurwa kwenguva yechiedza uye nguva yerima pazuva. Kutenderera kwechiedza chikamu chakakosha chinobata kukura, kukura, kuyerera uye kubereka kwezvirimwa. Nekunzwa shanduko yekufamba kwenguva, zvirimwa zvinogona kuchinja kubva pakukura kwemasango kuti zvibereke uye kubereka kuyerera uye kubereka. Akasiyana ezvirimwa marudzi uye genotypes ane mhinduro dzakasiyana dzepfungwa kune shanduko yePoliperiod. Zvikuru zvezuva Zvirimwa zvisina kwazvakarerekera, zvisinei nePhosiperiod, zvichatumbuka, senge mupunga, chibage uye cucumber. Zvirimwa zvipfupi-zvezuva, zvakadai sekotoni, soya uye mallet, inoda Photospiod yakaderera pane iyo inopatsanurwa kwezuva kusvika pakutumbuka. Pasi pemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze e 8H mwenje uye makumi matatu Pasi pekurapa kwegumi nematanhatu mazuva), Baudin (mazuva 26) uye Lockyer (25 mazuva).

Pasi pemamiriro ekunze ekuwedzera, nguva yekukura inogona kupfupiswa nekushandisa tsika yehumbu kuti uwane manyorerwo, uye wozozvidza kwemaawa gumi nematanhatu, uye zvizvarwa 8 zvinogona kugadzirwa gore rega rega. Nguva yekukura yePea yakapfupikiswa kubva pamazuva gumi nematanhatu mumazuva enzvimbo kusvika pamakumi matanhatu emazuva muAngupic Greenhouse ne 16h Chiedza. Nekuenderera mberi nekuwedzera iyo photoperiod kusvika 20h uye kuisanganisa ne12 ° C / 16 ° C (zuva / nguva yekukura), mwero wekumusoro, uye chiyero chekumusoro, uye chiyero chekumusoro, uye chiyero chekumusoro, uye chiyero chekumusoro, uye chiyero chekumusoro, uye chiyero chekumusoro, uye chiyero chekumusoro, uye chiyero chembeu, uye chiyero chembeu chekuratidzira ndeye 97.8%. Pasi pemamiriro ekudzora nharaunda, mushure memazuva makumi maviri ekurapa kweThemeriod kurapwa, zvinotora mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu kubva pakudzvara kuenda kuyerera, uye nguva yese yekukura ndeye mazuva makumi matanhatu nemashanu, ayo akapfupika pane izvo mumazuva emunda anopfuura mazuva makumi matatu. Pasi pemamiriro ekunyepedzera greenhouse ne25h shomioppiod, iyo nguva yekuyerera yegorosi, bhari, chibharo uye chickpea chakapfupikiswa ne22, 64, mazuva makumi matatu nemashanu paavhareji, zvichiteerana. Kusanganiswa nekukohwa kwekutanga kwembeu, mitengo yechiEtengo yembeu dzekukohwa dzekukohwa dzinogona kusvika 92%, 98%, 89% uye 94% paavhareji, izvo zvinogona kuzadzisa izvo zvinodiwa pakubereka. Marudzi anokurumidza anogona kuenderera mberi achigadzira marudzi matanhatu (gorosi) uye 7 mazera (gorosi). Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu 22-awa yePhostaod, iyo nguva yekuyerera yakaderedzwa nemazuva gumi nematatu, uye mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri mushure memakumbo mashanu anoshanda anogona kuvimbiswa, uye zvizvarwa zvishanu zvinogona kuramba zvichienderera pasi gore rega rega. Muchigaro chegirini yegirini neyakaivhenekerwa nemaawa 22, nguva yekukura yakapfupiswa kusvika pamazuva 115, uye vanogona kubereka mazera 3--4 gore. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu emaawa makumi maviri nemana ekurega kuvhenekerwa mudenga regirini, kutenderera kwepepe kuri kuderedzwa kubva pamazuva gumi nemashanu kusvika pamazuva makumi masere nemashanu, uye zvinogona kuparadzirwa kwezvizvarwa 4 mugore rimwe.

Mhando yechiedza

Chiedza chinoita chakakosha mukukura uye kukura kwezvirimwa. Chiedza chinogona kudzora kuyerera nekukanganisa akawanda mafoto. Iyo chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku (r) kune bhuruu mwenje (b) yakakosha kwazvo kuti zvirimwa zvinorema. Iyo tsvuku mwenje wavelength ye600 ~ 700nm ine iyo yekukora peak yeChlorophyll ye660nm, iyo inogona kukurudzira zvinobudirira Photosynt. Iyo yebhuruu mwenje wavelength ye400 ~ 500nm ichakanganisa chirimwa Phototropism, kuvhura stomatal nekukura kwembeu. Mune gorosi, chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku kuenda kune yebhuruu mwenje ndeche 1, iyo inogona kuyerera kuyerera pakutanga. Pasi pemhando yechiedza che r: b = 4: 1, nguva yekukura yepakati uye yakapfuura-kugona kusimbisa masoji yakapfupiswa kubva pamazuva zana nemakumi matanhatu, uye biomass yehutachiona , izvo zvinogona kugutsa imwe mhodzi imwe padhirowa, uye avhareji mwero wechibereko zvembeu dzisina kusimba dzaive 81.7%. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu gumi ekuvhenekerwa uye bhuruu inowedzera, zvirimwa zveSollent zvakapfupika uye zvakasimba, zvakabikwa mazuva makumi maviri nematatu mushure memazuva manomwe, uye aigona kubereka mazera mazana manomwe ezviuru.

Iyo chiyero chechiedza chitsvuku kusvika kune red tsvuku tsvuku (fr) inokanganisawo kuyerera kwezvirimwa. Photosensitive pigment zvirimo mumhando mbiri: Far Red Chiedza Kubvisa (PFR) uye Tsvuku mwenje wekunyora (pr). Pane yakaderera r: Fr ratio, photosensitive pigment inoshandurwa kubva kuPFR to PF, iyo inotungamira kumabvazuva yezvirimwa kwenguva refu. Kushandisa LED Mwenje kuti utorewe yakakodzera R: ). Kana r: fr yakakura kupfuura 3.1, iyo nguva yekuyerera yeLentils inononoka. Kuderedza r: fr kusvika 1.9 inogona kuwana yakanakisa kuyerera mhedzisiro, uye inogona kutumbuka pazuva 31 mushure mekudyara. Mhedzisiro yechiedza chitsvuku pane inoyerera inhibition inodururwa ne photosensive pigment pr. Zvidzidzo zvakataurwa kuti r: fri yakakwira kupfuura 35, iyo nguva yekuyerera yezvirimwa zvishanu zvemagetsi (pea, chickpea, bhegi rakakura, lntil naLenti) richanonoka. Mune mamwe genotypes yeamaranth uye mupunga, mwenje uri kure-matsvuku anoshandiswa kufambisa kuyerera nemazuva gumi uye mazuva makumi maviri zvichiteerana.

Fettilizer co₂

CO₂ndiyo main carbon sosi ye photosynthesis. High Concentration Co₂inogona kazhinji kusimudzira kukura uye kubereka kweC3 zvinyorwa, nepo low concentration co₂Inogona kuderedza kukura uye kubereka goho riripi nekuda kwekukanganiswa kabhoni. Semuenzaniso, iyo photosynthetic kushanda kweC3 zvidyarwa, senge mupunga negorosi, zvinowedzera nekuwedzera kwe co₂Chikamu, chinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwe biomass uye kutanga kuyerera. Kuti uzive nezve zvakanaka zvinokanganisa co₂Kuwedzera kwekuwedzera, kungave kuri madikanwa kuti uwedzere mvura uye zvinowanikwa zvisina kunaka. Naizvozvo, pasi pemamiriro ekudyara asina muganho, hydroponics inogona kuburitsa zvizere kugona kwekukura kwezvirimwa. Low co₂kusvinuka kunonoka kuyerera nguva yeArabidsis thaliana, nepo yakakwira co₂Kushamwaridzana kwakakurudzira nguva yekuyerera kwemupunga, yakapfupikiswa nguva yekukura yemupunga kusvika kumwedzi mitatu, uye yakaparadzanisa mazera mana pagore. Nekuwedzera co₂kusvika ku785.7μMOL / MOL MUDZIMAI Bhokisi, Kutenderera kweSoybean Variety 'Enrei' yakave yakapfupiswa kusvika pamazuva makumi manomwe, uye inogona kubereka mazera mashanu mugore rimwe. Kana iyo co₂Kuwedzeredza kwakawedzera kusvika ku550μmol / mol, kuyerera kweCajanus Cajan kwakanonoka kwe8 ~ mazuva, uye nguva yemichero uye nguva yekufananidza yakanonoka kwemazuva 9. Cajanus Cajan akaunganidza insoluble shuwa ku high co₂kusvinura, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa chiratidzo chekushambadzira kwezvirimwa uye kunonoka kuyerera. Mukuwedzera, mune yekukura kamuri neakawedzera co₂, nhamba uye mhando yemaruva eSoybean anowedzera, iyo inokodzera kuita hybridization, uye huwandu hwayo hybridization hwakakwirira zvakanyanya kupfuura izvo zveSobeans zvakakura mumunda.

Tarisiro yeramangwana

Kurima kwazvino kwekurima kunogona kukurumidza kuita maitiro ezvirimwa kubereka nenzira yeimwe nzira yekuberekesa uye nzvimbo yekubereka. Nekudaro, kune zvimwe zvikanganiso munzira idzi, zvakadai sekuda kwenzira dzenzvimbo, dzevashandi dzevashandi uye mamiriro ezvinhu zvisikwa zvisikwa, izvo zvisingagone kuvimbisa kubereka chizvarwa chekubudiriro. Kuberekerwa kwechikepe kunoitwa nemamiriro ekunze emamiriro ekunze, uye nguva yekuwedzera kwechizvarwa inogumira. Nekudaro, molecular mahrker kubereka kungosimudza sarudzo uye kutsunga kwekuberekera chinangwa. Parizvino, tekinoroji yekubhururuka yakaiswa kuGramineae, Lebinosae, mwero maroyi uye zvimwe zvirimwa. Nekudaro, chirimwa fekitori ichikurumidza kubereka chizvarwa chinobvisa zvizere mamiriro emamiriro ekunze, uye anogona kutungamira nzvimbo yekukura maererano nezvinodiwa zvekukura kwechirimwa nekukura. Kusanganisa chirimwa fekitari yekubhururuka inobereka, molecular mucherechedzo zvinoberekerwa, nguva inodiwa kuti ugone kuderedzwa. yakasarudzwa kupfupisa nguva inodiwa kuti uwane hunhu hwakanaka uye kufumisa mazera.

Iko kusiiwa kwekushandiswa kwekurima nekukurumidza tekinoroji mufekitori ndeyekuti mamiriro ezvinhu epakatipoteredzwa anodiwa nekukura kwezvakarimwa zvakasiyana, uye zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti uwane mamiriro ezvinhu epakatipoteredzwa ekukurumidza kwezvirimwa zvechinangwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwemutengo wepamusoro wekuvaka fekitori yekuvaka uye kushanda, zvakaoma kuita yakakura yekuyirwa yekubereka, iyo inowanzoita kuti mhodzi yemberi, iyo inogona kudzikisira kuongororwa kwemunda wekutevera. Nekuvandudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuvandudzwa kwemidziyo yemidhinha uye tekinoroji, kuvaka uye mari yekuvhiya yefekitori inoderedzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuenderera mberi nekuwedzera kukurumidza tekinoroji uye kupfupikisa kutenderera kwekubereka nekuyamwisa fekitari yechidyarwa nekukurumidza tekinoroji nedzimwe nzira dzekubereka.

Kupera

Ruzivo rwakataurwa

Liu Kaizhe, Liu Houcheng. Kutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwefekitori yechidyarwa nekukurumidza tekinoroji [j]. Zvekurima Engjinari, 2022,42 (22): 46-49.