Greenhouse horticultural yekurima engineering tekinorojiYakadhindwa pa17: 30 muna Gumiguru 14, 2022 muBeijing

Nekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kwehuwandu hwepasirese, kudiwa kwevanhu kwechikafu kuri kuwedzera zuva nezuva, uye zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvinoiswa pamberi pekudya kunovaka muviri uye kuchengeteka.Kurima mbesa dzine goho repamusoro uye dzemhando yepamusoro inzira yakakosha yekugadzirisa matambudziko echikafu.Zvakadaro, nzira yechinyakare yekuberekesa inotora nguva yakareba kurima mhando dzemhando yepamusoro, izvo zvinoganhurira kufambira mberi kwekubereka.Pazvirimwa zvepagore zvekuzvitakura, zvinogona kutora makore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu kubva pakutanga mubereki kuyambuka kusvika pakugadzirwa kwemhando itsva.Naizvozvo, kuitira kukurumidza kufambira mberi kwekuberekesa zvirimwa, zvinokurumidza kuvandudza kuberekana kwakanaka uye kupfupisa nguva yechizvarwa.

Kukurumidza kubereka kunoreva kuwedzera kukura kwembesa, kukurumidza kutumbuka uye kubereka michero, uye kupfupisa kutenderera kwekubereka nekudzora mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza mukamuri yekukura yakavharika yakazara.Fekitori yekudyara inzira yekurima inokwanisa kuwana kugadzirwa kwembesa kwepamusoro-soro kuburikidza nekutonga kwemhoteredzo kwepamusoro-soro muzvivakwa, uye inzvimbo yakanaka yekuberekesa nekukurumidza.Mamiriro ekunze ekudyara akadai sechiedza, tembiricha, humidity uye CO2 concentration mufekitori inodzoreka, uye haina kana kukanganiswa nekunze kwekunze.Pasi pemamiriro ekunze akadzorwa, kusimba kwechiedza chakanakisa, nguva yechiedza uye tembiricha zvinogona kumhanyisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana ezvirimwa, kunyanya photosynthesis uye kutumbuka, nokudaro kupfupisa nguva yechizvarwa chekukura kwezvirimwa.Kushandisa tekinoroji yefekitari yezvirimwa kudzora kukura nekukura kwembesa, kukohwa michero pachine nguva, chero bedzi mhodzi shoma dzine kugona kumera dzichikwanisa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakuberekesa.

Photoperiod, iyo huru yezvakatipoteredza inokanganisa kutenderera kwechirimwa

Kutenderera kwechiedza (light cycle) kunoreva kuchinjana kwenguva yechiedza uye nguva yerima muzuva.Kutenderera kwechiedza chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kukura, kukura, maruva uye fruiting yezvirimwa.Nekuona shanduko yechiedza, zvirimwa zvinogona kushanduka kubva pakukura kwezvinomera kusvika pakukura kwekubereka uye kutumbuka kwakakwana uye kubereka michero.Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa uye genotypes dzine mhinduro dzakasiyana dzemuviri kune shanduko yephotoperiod.Miti yakareba-yezuva, kana nguva yezuva ichipfuura iyo yakakosha kupenya kwezuva, nguva yekutumbuka inowanzokwidziridzwa nekuwedzerwa kwephotoperiod, senge oats, gorosi nebhari.Zvidyarwa zvisina kwazvakarerekera, zvisinei nephotoperiod, zvichatumbuka, zvakaita semupunga, chibage uye cucumber.Zvidyarwa zvemazuva mapfupi, zvakaita sedonje, soyabhinzi nemapfunde, zvinoda photoperiod yakadzikira pane yakakosha kureba kwezuva kuti itumbuke.Pasi pemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo ye8h chiedza uye 30 ℃ yakakwirira tembiricha, nguva yekutumbuka yeamaranth inopfuura mazuva makumi mana pamberi peiyo munharaunda yemunda.Pasi pekurapwa kwe16/8 h light cycle (chiedza / rima), ese manomwe ebhari genotypes akatumbuka mangwanani: Franklin (36 mazuva), Gairdner (35 mazuva), Gimmett (33 mazuva), Commander (30 mazuva), Fleet (29) mazuva), Baudin (mazuva makumi maviri nematanhatu) uye Lockyer (mazuva makumi maviri nemashanu).

Pasi pemamiriro ekunze, nguva yekukura kwegorosi inogona kupfupiswa nekushandisa embryo tsika kuwana madzinde, uyezve irradiation kwemaawa gumi nematanhatu, uye 8 zvizvarwa zvinogona kugadzirwa gore rega.Nguva yekukura kwepea yakapfupikiswa kubva pamazuva 143 munzvimbo yemunda kusvika kumazuva makumi matanhatu nemanomwe mukugadzira greenhouse ine 16h chiedza.Nekuwedzera kurebesa photoperiod kusvika 20h nekuisanganisa ne21°C/16°C (masikati/usiku), nguva yekukura kwepea inogona kupfupikiswa kusvika kumazuva 68, uye chiyero chekuisa mbeu i97.8%.Pasi pemamiriro enzvimbo inodzorwa, mushure memaawa makumi maviri ekurapwa kwephotoperiod, zvinotora mazuva makumi matatu kubva pakudyara kusvika pakutumbuka, uye nguva yese yekukura ndeye 62-71 mazuva, ipfupi pane iyo mumamiriro emunda neanopfuura mazuva makumi matatu.Pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira greenhouse ine 22h photoperiod, nguva yekutumbuka kwegorosi, bhari, chibharo uye chickpea inopfupiswa ne22, 64, 73 uye 33 mazuva paavhareji, zvichiteerana.Kusanganiswa negoho rekutanga kwembeu, kumera kwembeu dzegoho rekutanga kunogona kusvika pa92%, 98%, 89% ne94% paavhareji, zvichiteerana, izvo zvinokwanisa kuzadzikisa zvinodiwa pakupfuya.Mhando dzinokurumidza dzinogona kuramba dzichibereka 6 zvizvarwa (gorosi) uye 7 zvizvarwa (gorosi).Pasi pemamiriro emaawa makumi maviri nemaviri photoperiod, nguva yekutumbuka yeoat yakaderedzwa nemazuva gumi nerimwe, uye mazuva makumi maviri nerimwe mushure mekutumbuka, zvingangoita 5 mbeu dzinoshanda dzinogona kuvimbiswa, uye zvizvarwa zvishanu zvinogona kuramba zvichiparadzirwa gore negore.Mune yekugadzira greenhouse ine 22-awa kuvhenekera, nguva yekukura kwelentil inopfupikiswa kusvika mazuva 115, uye vanogona kubereka kwe3-4 zvizvarwa pagore.Pasi pemamiriro emaawa makumi maviri nemana anoramba achivhenekera mukugadzira greenhouse, kukura kwenzungu kunoderedzwa kubva pamazuva 145 kusvika kumazuva makumi masere nemapfumbamwe, uye inogona kuparadzirwa kuzvizvarwa zvina mugore rimwe.

Chiedza chemhando

Chiedza chinoita basa rinokosha mukukura nekukura kwezvirimwa.Chiedza chinogona kudzora kutumbuka nekubata akawanda maphotoreceptors.Huyero hwemwenje dzvuku (R) kune mwenje weblue (B) hwakakosha zvikuru pakutumbuka kwembesa.The red light wavelength ye600 ~ 700nm ine peak yekunyudza ye chlorophyll ye660nm, inogona kusimudzira zvinobudirira photosynthesis.Iyo yebhuruu mwenje wavelength ye400 ~ 500nm ichakanganisa chirimwa phototropism, stomatal kuvhurwa uye kukura kwembeu.Mugorosi, reshiyo yemwenje dzvuku kune mwenje weblue ingangoita 1, iyo inogona kuburitsa maruva nekukurumidza.Pasi pechiedza chemhando yeR:B=4:1, nguva yekukura kwembeu yesoya yepakati neinononoka kukura yakapfupikiswa kubva pamazuva 120 kusvika pamazuva makumi matanhatu nenhatu, uye kureba kwechirimwa nekudya kunovaka muviri zvakaderedzwa, asi goho rembeu harina kukanganiswa. , iyo yaigona kugutsa mhodzi imwe chete pachirimwa chimwe chete, uye avhareji yekumera kwembeu isati yakura yaive 81,7%.Pasi pemamiriro ekuvhenekera kwe10h uye kuwedzera kwechiedza chebhuruu, soya bhinzi dzakava pfupi uye dzakasimba, dzakatumbuka mazuva makumi maviri nematatu mushure mekudyara, dzakakura mukati memazuva makumi manomwe nenomwe, uye dzaikwanisa kubereka zvizvarwa zvishanu mugore rimwe.

Huyero hwemwenje dzvuku kusvika kure dzvuku mwenje (FR) inokanganisawo kutumbuka kwezvirimwa.Photosensitive pigment iripo mumhando mbiri: kure dzvuku kunyudzwa kwechiedza (Pfr) uye dzvuku kunyudzwa kwemwenje (Pr).Pane yakaderera R: FR ratio, photosensitive pigments inoshandurwa kubva kuPfr kuenda kuPr, izvo zvinotungamira mukutumbuka kwezvirimwa zvemazuva mazhinji.Kushandisa mwenje we LED kudzora yakakodzera R: FR (0.66 ~ 1.07) inogona kuwedzera kureba kwechirimwa, kukurudzira kutumbuka kwezvirimwa zvemazuva-refu (senge kubwinya kwemangwanani uye snapdragon), uye kurambidza kutumbuka kwezvirimwa zvemazuva mapfupi (senge marigold. )Kana R:FR yakakura kupfuura 3.1, nguva yekutumbuka kwerenzi inononoka.Kuderedza R:FR kusvika 1.9 inogona kuwana maruva emhando yepamusoro, uye inogona kutumbuka pazuva rechimakumi matatu nerimwe mushure mekudyara.Mhedzisiro yemwenje mutsvuku pamaruva inhibition inopindirana ne photosensitive pigment Pr.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kana R:FR yakakwira kupfuura 3.5, nguva yemaruva yemiti mishanu yeleguminous (pea, chickpea, broad bean, lentil uye lupin) ichanonoka.Mune mamwe genotypes eamaranth nemupunga, kure-kutsvuku mwenje kunoshandiswa kufambisira mberi maruva nemazuva gumi nemazuva makumi maviri zvichiteerana.

Fertilizer CO₂

CO₂ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kabhoni yephotosynthesis.High concentration CO₂inogona kazhinji kukurudzira kukura uye kubereka kweC3 gore negore, asi yakaderera concentration CO₂inogona kuderedza kukura uye kubereka goho nekuda kwekudzikamisa kabhoni.Semuenzaniso, iyo photosynthetic inoshanda yeC3 miti, yakadai semupunga uye gorosi, inowedzera nekuwedzera kweCO.₂mwero, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwebiomass uye kutanga maruva.Kuti uone maitiro akanaka eCO₂kuwedzera kwehuwandu, zvingave zvakakosha kukwidziridza mvura uye kuwanikwa kwekudya.Naizvozvo, pasi pemamiriro ekudyara kusingagumi, hydroponics inogona kuburitsa zvizere mukana wekukura wezvirimwa.Low CO₂kusungirirwa kwakanonoka nguva yekutumbuka kweArabidopsis thaliana, nepo CO yakakwira₂kusungirirwa kwakawedzera nguva yekutumbuka kwemupunga, kupfupisa nguva yekukura kwemupunga kusvika kumwedzi mitatu, uye kuparadzira zvizvarwa zvina pagore.Nekuwedzera CO₂kusvika 785.7μmol/mol mubhokisi rekukura rekugadzira, kuberekesa kwesoya bhinzi yakasiyana-siyana 'Enrei' yakapfupikiswa kusvika kumazuva makumi manomwe, uye inogona kubereka zvizvarwa zvishanu mugore rimwe.Panguva iyo CO₂concentration yakawedzera kusvika 550μmol/mol, kutumbuka kweCajanus cajan kwakanonoka kwemazuva 8 ~ 9, uye kuiswa kwemichero uye nguva yekuibva kwakanonokawo kwemazuva mapfumbamwe.Cajanus cajan yakaunganidza insoluble shuga pakakwirira CO₂concentration, iyo inogona kukanganisa kutapurirana kwechiratidzo chezvirimwa uye kunonoka kutumbuka.Mukuwedzera, muimba yekukura nekuwedzera CO₂, kuwanda uye kunaka kwemaruva esoya kunowedzera, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekusanganiswa, uye kusanganiswa kwayo kwakanyanya kudarika yesoya inorimwa mumunda.

Tarisiro yeramangwana

Kurima kwemazuva ano kunogona kukurumidzisa kuuchika mbesa neimwe nzira yekuuchika uye kuuchika.Zvakadaro, pane zvimwe zvinoshomeka munzira idzi, sezvinodikanwa zvenzvimbo, manejimendi evashandi anodhura uye kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvisingakwanisi kuvimbisa kubudirira kwembeu yekukohwa.Kuuchika kwenzvimbo kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze, uye nguva yekuwedzera chizvarwa ishoma.Nekudaro, kubereka kwemamorekuru kunomhanyisa kusarudzwa uye kutsunga kwemaitiro ekurera.Parizvino, tekinoroji yekukurumidza kubereka yakashandiswa kuGramineae, Leguminosae, Cruciferae nezvimwe zvirimwa.Nekudaro, fekitori yekudyara inokurumidza kubereka inobvisa zvachose pesvedzero yemamiriro ekunze, uye inogona kudzora nharaunda yekukura zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekukura kwechirimwa nekusimudzira.Kubatanidza fekitari yefekitari yekukurumidza kubereka tekinoroji nekuberekesa kwechinyakare, kubereka kwema molecular marker uye dzimwe nzira dzekuberekesa zvinobudirira, pasi pemamiriro ekukurumidza kubereka, nguva inodiwa yekuwana homozygous mitsara mushure mekusanganiswa inogona kuderedzwa, uye panguva imwe chete, zvizvarwa zvekutanga zvinogona yakasarudzwa kupfupisa nguva inodiwa kuti uwane hunhu hwakanaka uye zvizvarwa zvekubereka.

Iyo yakakosha yekumisikidza yekudyara nekukurumidza kubereka tekinoroji mumafekitori ndeyekuti mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza anodiwa mukukura nekusimudzira zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, uye zvinotora nguva yakareba kuwana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza ekukurumidza kuberekesa zvirimwa zvakanangwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekudhura kwekuvakwa kwefekitari yemiti uye kushanda, zvakaoma kuita kuedza kukuru kwekuwedzera kwekudyara, izvo zvinowanzotungamirira kugoho shoma rembeu, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kuongororwa kwemaitiro emunda wekutevera.Nekuvandudzwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuvandudzwa kwemidziyo yefekitori yekudyara uye tekinoroji, mutengo wekuvaka uye kushanda kwefekitori yekudyara unodzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma.Zvinogoneka kuwedzera optimize yekukurumidza kubereka tekinoroji uye kupfupisa kutenderera kwekubereka nekubatanidza zvinobudirira fekitori yekudyara nekukurumidza kuberekesa tekinoroji nedzimwe nzira dzekuberekesa.

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Mashoko akataurwa

Liu Kaizhe, Liu Houcheng.Kufambira mberi kwetsvakiridzo yefekitari yefekitori yekukurumidza kuberekesa tekinoroji [J].Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2022,42(22):46-49.