Zhang Zhiping Greenhouse Horticulture Agricultural Engineering Technology 2022-08-26 17:20 Posted in Beijing

China yakagadzira hurongwa hwekudzivirira kwegirinhi nekudzora uye zero-kukura kwemishonga yezvipembenene, uye matekinoroji matsva anoshandisa zvipembenene phototaxis kudzora zvipembenene zvekurima akakurudzirwa zvakanyanya nekushandiswa.

Nheyo dze spectral pest control tekinoroji

Kudzora kwezvipembenene nemaitiro ekuona kunobva pahunhu hwemafiziyori eboka rezvipembenene.Zvipembenene zvakawanda zvine huzhinji hunoonekwa hwewavelength, chimwe chikamu chakanyanya mubhandi reUVA risingaoneki, uye chimwe chikamu chiri muchikamu chechiedza chinooneka.Muchikamu chisingaoneki, nokuti chiri kunze kwechiedza chinooneka uye photosynthesis, zvinoreva kuti kupindira kwekutsvakurudza muchikamu ichi chebhendi hakuzovi nemigumisiro pabasa uye kudyara photosynthesis.Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti nekuvhara chikamu ichi chebhandi, inogona kugadzira mapofu ezvipembenene, kuderedza basa ravo, kudzivirira zvirimwa kubva kune zvipembenene uye kuderedza kutapurirwa kwehutachiona.Muchikamu ichi chebhendi yechiedza chinooneka, zvinokwanisika kusimbisa chikamu ichi chebhandi munzvimbo iri kure nezvirimwa kuti zvivhiringidze kutungamirirwa kwekuita kwezvipembenene kudzivirira zvirimwa kubva pakuputika.

Zvipembenene zvakajairika munzvimbo

Zvipembenene zvakajairika munzvimbo yekudyara zvinosanganisira thrips, aphid, whiteflies, uye leafminers, nezvimwe.

thrips infestation

kubatwa neaphid

kubatwa neflyfly

Leafminer infestation

Mhinduro dze spectral kudzora kwezvipembenene zvenzvimbo uye zvirwere

Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti zvipembenene zvataurwa pamusoro apa zvine mararamiro akafanana.Zviitwa, kubhururuka uye kutsvaga kwechikafu kwezvipembenene izvi zvinotsamira pakufamba kwekuona mune rimwe bhendi, senge hove uye whiteflies muultraviolet mwenje (wavelength ingangoita 360 nm) uye girinhi kune yero (520 ~ 540 nm) ine nhengo dzinogamuchira.Kupindira nezvikwata zviviri izvi zvinokanganisa basa rezvipembenene uye zvinoderedza kubereka kwayo.Iyo thrips zvakare ine inooneka senitivity mune inooneka chiedza chikamu che400-500 nm bhendi.

Chiedza chine ruvara rusina kukwana chinogona kuita kuti zvipembenene zvimhare, zvoita kuti pave nemamiriro akanaka ekukwezva nekubata tumbuyu.Pamusoro pezvo, dhigirii repamusoro rekuratidzira kwezuva (kupfuura 25% yemwaranzi yemwenje) inogonawo kudzivirira zvipembenene kubva pakunamatira optical properties.Zvakadai sekusimba, wavelength uye kusiyanisa kwemavara, zvakare zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya dhigirii rekupindura kwezvipembenene.Zvimwe zvipembenene zvine ma spectrum maviri anooneka, zvinoti UV uye yero-yegirini chiedza, uye mamwe ane matatu anooneka spectrums, anoti UV, blue light uye yellow-green light.

mabhendi ekuvheneka anooneka etwupukanana

Mukuwedzera, zvipembenene zvinokuvadza zvinogona kukanganiswa ne phototaxis yavo yakaipa.Nekudzidza mararamiro ezvipembenene, mhinduro mbiri dzekudzivirira zvipembenene dzinogona kugamuchirwa.Imwe ndeye kushandura greenhouse environment mu inobstructable spectral range, kuitira kuti spectrum yezvipembenene zvinoshingaira zviri mu greenhouse, zvakadai se ultraviolet light range, zvideredze kusvika pakadzika zvakanyanya, kugadzira "upofu" kune tupukanana mubhandi iri;chechipiri, yenguva isingavharike, kuratidzira kana kupararira kwechiedza chemavara chezvimwe zvinogamuchirwa mu greenhouse zvinogona kuwedzerwa, nokudaro zvichivhiringidza kutaridzika kwekubhururuka uye kumhara kwezvipembenene.

UV blocking nzira

Iyo UV inovharira nzira ndeyekuwedzera UV inovharira maajenti kune greenhouse firimu uye zvipembenene mambure, kunyatsovharisa iwo main wavelength mabhandi anonzwira kune zvipembenene muchiedza kupinda mugreenhouse.Nokudaro kuvharidzira basa rezvipembenene, kuderedza kubereka kwezvipembenene uye kuderedza kutapurirana kwezvipembenene nezvirwere pakati pezvirimwa mu greenhouse.

Spectrum insect net

Mambure makumi mashanu (high mesh density) mambure anodzivirira zvipembenene haakwanise kumisa tupukanana nehukuru hwemambure.Pane zvinopesana, mesh inowedzerwa uye kufefetera kwakanaka, asi zvipembenene hazvigone kudzorwa.

iyo yekudzivirira mhedzisiro ye-high-density insect net

Spectral mambure ezvipembenene anovharira mabhendi akajeka ezvipembenene nekuwedzera mabhendi e-anti-ultraviolet kune zvigadzirwa.Nekuti haisi kungovimba nemesh density kudzora tumbuyu, zvinogoneka zvakare kushandisa yakaderera mesh yekudzora mambure kuti uwane iri nani kudzora tumbuyu.Kureva kuti, nepo ichivimbisa kufefetera kwakanaka, inowanawo kutonga kwakanaka kwezvipembenene.Naizvozvo, kupokana pakati pemhepo yekufefetera uye kutonga kwezvipembenene munzvimbo yekudyara kunogadziriswa zvakare, uye zvese zvinoshanda zvinodiwa zvinogona kuzadzikiswa uye chiyero chehukama chave kuwanikwa..

Kubva paratidziro yebhendi rekuona pasi pe50-mesh spectral control mambure, zvinogona kuoneka kuti UV bhendi (bhendi rezvipembenene) rakanyura zvakanyanya, uye kuratidza kuri pasi pe10%.Munzvimbo yegreenhouse ventilation windows ane mambure ezvipembenene akadaro, kuona kwezvipembenene kunenge kusinganzwisisike mubhandi iri.

mepu yekuratidzira ye spectral insect net's spectral band (50 mesh)

mambure ezvipembenene ane mavara akasiyana

Kuti uone kushanda kwekudzivirira kweiyo spectral-proof mambure, vaongorori vakaita bvunzo dzakakodzera, kureva, mubindu rekugadzira madomasi, 50-mesh yakajairika mambure-uchapupu, 50-mesh spectral-proof net, 40- mesh zvakajairika tupembenene -proof net, uye 40-mesh spectral-proof net yakasarudzwa.Mambure ezvipembenene ane maitiro akasiyana uye mambure akasiyana-siyana akashandiswa kuenzanisa mararamiro ekupona kwewhiteflies nemathrips.Pakuverenga kwega kwega, nhamba yenhunzi chena pasi pe50-mesh spectrum control net yaiva shoma, uye nhamba yenhunzi chena pasi pemambure e40-mesh akajairika ndiyo yakakura.Zvinogona kuoneka zvakajeka kuti pasi pemambure akafanana emambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene, nhamba yenhunzi chena pasi pemambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene ishoma pane iri pasi pemambure akajairika.Pasi peiyo mesh manhamba, huwandu hwemathrips pasi pe spectral-proof-proof net ishoma pane iri pasi peyakajairika mambure ekudzivirira tumbuyu, uye kunyangwe huwandu hwemathrips pasi pe40-mesh spectral-proof net ishoma pane iri pasi. mambure e50-mesh akajairwa kudzivirira zvipembenene.Kazhinji, iyo spectral-proof mambure inogona kuramba iine simba rekudzivirira tupukanana pane yakakwirira-mesh yakajairwa mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene uku uchiona mhepo iri nani.

kudzivirira kwemambure akasiyana-siyana anodzivirira zvipembenene uye mambure akajairika ekudzivirira zvipembenene

Panguva imwecheteyo, vaongorori vakaitawo kumwe kuedza, ndiko kuti, kushandisa 50-mesh yakajairika mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene, 50-mesh spectral mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene, uye 68-mesh mambure akajairwa ekudzivirira zvipembenene kuenzanisa huwandu hwemathrips mu. greenhouse yekugadzira tomato.Sezvakaratidzwa nemufananidzo wechigumi, iwowo mambure akajairika ekudzivirira zvipembenene, 68-mesh, nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo mesh density, mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene akakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura aya makumi mashanu-mambure akajairwa-ekudzivirira mambure.Asi iwo mambure e50-mesh low-mesh spectral-proof net ane mathrips mashoma pane high-mesh 68-mesh akajairika mambure-proof net.

kuenzanisa nhamba ye thrips pasi pemambure ezvipembenene zvakasiyana

Pamusoro pezvo, paunenge uchiyedza mambure makumi mashanu akajairwa tumbuyu uye mambure makumi mana ekuona zvipembenene-net ane maitiro maviri akasiyana uye mamesh densities akasiyana, kana tichienzanisa huwandu hwemathrips pabhodhi rinonamira munzvimbo yekugadzira leek, vaongorori. vakawana kuti kunyangwe nemambure akaderera, huwandu hwemambure anotaridzika zvakare ane hunyanzvi hwekudzivirira tupukanana kupfuura epamusoro-mambure akajairwa ekudzivirira tumbuyu.

kuenzanisa nhamba yethrip pasi pemambure akasiyana ekudzivirira zvipembenene mukugadzira

iyo chaiyo kuenzanisa kwezvipembenene-zvipupuriro zvezvipembenene zvemesh imwechete nemaitiro akasiyana

 Firimu inodzinga zvipembenene zveSpectral

Yakajairwa greenhouse yekuvhara firimu inotora chikamu cheUV mwenje wave, chiri zvakare chikonzero chikuru kukurumidza kuchembera kwefirimu.Izvo zvinowedzera zvinovharira UVA bhendi rinonzwa rezvipembenene zvinowedzerwa kune greenhouse inovhara firimu kuburikidza neyakasiyana tekinoroji, uye pasi pemamiriro ekuona kuti yakajairika sevhisi hupenyu hwemufirimu haukanganiswe, inogadzirwa kuita firimu rine zvipembenene-uchapupu. properties.

mhedzisiro yeUV-inovharira firimu uye akajairwa firimu pawhitefly, thrips, uye aphid huwandu

Nekuwedzera kwekudyara nguva, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti nhamba yezvipembenene pasi pefirimu yakajairwa inowedzera zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo iri pasi peUV inovhara firimu.Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kushandiswa kwemhando iyi yemufirimu kunoda kuti varimi vatarise zvakanyanya kune yekupinda & kubuda uye kuvhurika kwemhepo pavanenge vachishanda mugreenhouse yemazuva ese, zvikasadaro kushandiswa kweiyo firimu kuchaderedzwa.Nekuda kwekutonga kunoshanda kwezvipembenene neiyo UV inovharira firimu, kushandiswa kwemishonga nevarimi kunoderedzwa.Mukudyara kwe eustoma munzvimbo, ine UV inovharira firimu, ingave iyo nhamba yemashizha emashizha, thrips, whiteflies kana huwandu hwemishonga inoshandiswa, ishoma pane iyo yefirimu yakajairwa.

Kuenzanisa kwemhedzisiro yeUV inovharira firimu uye yakajairika firimu

kuenzanisa kwekushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene mugreenhouse uchishandisa UV inovharira firimu & yakajairika firimu

Chiedza-ruvara kupindira / kuteya nzira

Colour tropism ndiyo yekudzivirira hunhu hwezvipembenene zvinoonekwa nhengo kune mavara akasiyana.Nekushandisa kunzwisiswa kwezvipembenene kune mamwe mavara ane mavara anooneka kuti avhiringe gwara rakanangwa rezvipembenene, nokudaro kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwezvipembenene pazvirimwa uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwemishonga.

Kukanganiswa kwekuratidzira kwefirimu

Mukugadzirwa, rutivi rweyero rwefirimu yero-brown yakatarisana kumusoro, uye zvipembenene zvakaita seaphid uye whiteflies zvinomhara pafirimu muhuwandu hukuru nekuda kwephototaxis.Panguva imwecheteyo, kupisa kwepamusoro kwefirimu kwakakwira zvakanyanya muzhizha, zvekuti huwandu hukuru hwezvipembenene hunonamatira pamusoro pefirimu hunouraiwa, nokudaro kuderedza kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nezvirimwa netwumbuyu twusina hukama nezvirimwa. .Sirivha-grey firimu rinoshandisa iyo yakaipa tropism yeaphid, thrips, nezvimwewo kuisa chiedza.Kuvhara cucumber uye sitirobheri kudyara greenhouse nesirivheri-grey firimu kunogona kunyatso kuderedza kukuvadza kwezvipembenene zvakadaro.

kushandisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemafirimu

inoshanda mhedzisiro yeyero-brown firimu munzvimbo yekugadzira madomasi

Iko kupindira kwekuratidzira kwemavara e sunshade net

Kuvhara sunshade mambure emavara akasiyana pamusoro pegreenhouse kunogona kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwezvirimwa nekushandisa mwenje wemavara ezvipembenene.Huwandu hwenhunzi dzakasara mumambure yeyero hwaive hwakanyanya kudarika hwemumbure mutsvuku, mambure eblue nemambure matema.Huwandu hwenhunzi mugreenhouse hwakafukidzwa neyellow net hwaive hushoma pane hwemambure eblack newhite net.

kuongororwa kwemamiriro ekudzivirira zvipembenene nemambure ezuva ane mavara akasiyana

Reflection kukanganiswa kwealuminium foil inotaridza sunshade net

Iyo aluminium foil inoratidzira mambure akaiswa padivi pakakwirira yegreenhouse, uye huwandu hwenhunzi chena hwakadzikiswa zvakanyanya.Zvichienzaniswa neakajairika mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene, huwandu hwemathrips hwakaderedzwa kubva pa17.1 misoro / m.²kusvika 4.0 misoro/m².

kushandiswa kwealuminium foil reflective net

Sticky Board

Mukugadzirwa, mabhodhi eyero anoshandiswa kuteya nekuuraya hove newhitefly.Mukuwedzera, thrips inonzwa kune bhuruu uye ine yakasimba yebhuruu-taxi.Mukugadzira, mapuranga ebhuruu anogona kushandiswa kuteya nekuuraya thrips, nezvimwewo, zvichibva pane dzidziso yezvipembenene ruvara-matekisi mukugadzira.Pakati pavo, ribhoni ine bullseye kana muenzaniso inonyanya kukwezva kukwezva zvipembenene.

tepi inonamira ine bullseye kana pateni

Citation information

Zhang Zhiping.Kushandiswa kweSpectral Pest Control Technology muNzvimbo [J].Agricultural Engineering Technology, 42(19): 17-22.