Kwekutanga Kwakabva: Houcheng Liu.Mamiriro ekuvandudza uye maitiro e LED plant lighting industry [J] .Journal of Illumination Engineering,2018,29(04):8-9.
Chinyorwa Kunobva: Material Kamwe Deep

Chiedza ndicho chinhu chakakosha chezvakatipoteredza chekukura nekukura kwechirimwa.Chiedza hachingopi simba rekukura kwechirimwa kuburikidza nephotosynthesis, asiwo chinhu chakakosha chekudzora kukura nekukura kwechirimwa.Artificial light supplement kana full artificial light irradiation inogona kusimudzira kukura kwechirimwa, kuwedzera goho, kunatsiridza chimiro chechigadzirwa, ruvara, kuwedzera basa rekuita, uye kuderedza kuitika kwezvirwere uye zvipembenene.Nhasi, ini ndichagovana newe mamiriro ekusimudzira uye maitiro eindasitiri yekuvhenekesa zvidyarwa.
Artificial light source tekinoroji inowedzera uye yakanyanya kushandiswa mumunda wekuvhenekesa chirimwa.LED ine akawanda mabhenefiti akadai seyakanyanya mwenje kunyatsoshanda, yakaderera kupisa chizvarwa, diki saizi, hupenyu hurefu uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvakanaka.Iine mabhenefiti ari pachena mumunda wekukura mwenje.Indasitiri yekukura yekuvhenekesa ichatora zvishoma nezvishoma zvigadziriso zvemwenje zve LED zvekurima chirimwa.

A. Mamiriro ekusimudzira e LED kukura indasitiri yekuvhenekesa 

1.LED package yekukura mwenje

Mumunda wekukura mwenje we LED kurongedza, kune akawanda marudzi emidziyo yekurongedza, uye hapana yakabatana kuyerwa uye yekuongorora standard system.Naizvozvo, zvichienzaniswa nezvigadzirwa zvemumba, vagadziri vekunze vanonyanya kutarisisa kune yakakwirira-simba, cob uye module madhairekitori, vachifunga nezve chena mwenje mutsara wekukura mwenje, tichifunga nezvekukura kwechirimwa hunhu uye nharaunda yekuvhenekesa kwevanhu, vane hukuru hwehunyanzvi hwakanakira mukuvimbika, mwenje. kunyatsoshanda, photosynthetic radiation maitiro ezvidyarwa zvakasiyana mukukura kwakasiyana, kusanganisira akasiyana-siyana epamusoro-simba, epakati simba uye akaderera-simba zvidyarwa zvezvakasiyana hukuru zvigadzirwa, kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekukura, dzinotarisira kuwana. chinangwa chekuwedzera kukura kwezvirimwa uye kuchengetedza simba.

Huwandu hukuru hwema core patents echip epitaxial wafers achiri mumaoko emakambani ekutanga anotungamira senge Nichia yekuJapan neAmerican Career.Vagadziri vepamba chip vachiri kushaya zvigadzirwa zvine patent ine kukwikwidza kwemusika.Panguva imwecheteyo, makambani mazhinji ari kugadzirawo matekinoroji matsva mumunda wekukura mwenje wekurongedza machipisi.Semuenzaniso, Osram yakaonda firimu chip tekinoroji inogonesa machipisi kurongedzerwa padhuze pamwe chete kugadzira yakakura-nzvimbo yekuvhenekesa nzvimbo.Kubva pane tekinoroji iyi, yakakwira-inoshanda yekuvhenekesa ye LED ine wavelength ye660nm inogona kuderedza 40% yekushandiswa kwesimba munzvimbo yekurima.

2. Kura chiedza chekuvhenekera nemidziyo
Chimiro chekuvhenekera kwezvirimwa zvakanyanya kuoma uye zvakasiyana.Zvidyarwa zvakasiyana zvine misiyano mikuru mune inodiwa spectra mumhando dzakasiyana dzekukura uye kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekukura.Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa zvakasiyana izvi, parizvino kune zvinotevera zvirongwa muindastiri: ①Multiple monochromatic light combination schemes.Iwo matatu anonyanya kushanda maspectra echirimwa photosynthesis anonyanya kutaridzika ane nhongonya pa450nm uye 660nm, iyo 730nm bhendi yekukwevera chirimwa kutumbuka, pamwe nechiedza chegirini che525nm uye ultraviolet bhendi iri pasi pe380nm.Sanganisa aya marudzi ezviratidziro zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvezvirimwa kuti ugadzire iyo yakanyanya kukodzera spectrum.②Yakazara spectrum chirongwa kuti uwane kufukidzwa kwakazara kwechirimwa chinodiwa spectrum.Rudzi urwu rwemhando inoenderana neSUNLIKE chip inomiririrwa neSeoul Semiconductor uye Samsung inogona kunge isiri iyo yakanyanya kushanda, asi yakakodzera kune ese zvirimwa, uye mutengo wakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura iwo wemonochromatic mwenje musanganiswa mhinduro.③Shandisa yakazara-yakazara chena mwenje sechinhu chikuru, pamwe ne660nm dzvuku mwenje semusanganiswa chirongwa chekuvandudza kushanda kweiyo spectrum.Ichi chirongwa chakanyanya hupfumi uye chinoshanda.

Chidyarwa chinokura mwenje wemonochromatic mwenje we LED machipi (iyo huru wavelengths i450nm, 660nm, 730nm) machira ekutakura akafukidzwa nemakambani mazhinji epamba neekunze, nepo zvigadzirwa zvemumba zvakanyanya siyana uye zvine zvimwe zvakatemwa, uye zvigadzirwa zvevagadziri vekunze zvakamisikidzwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, maererano nephotosynthetic photon flux , Kushanda kwechiedza, nezvimwewo, kuchine mukaha mukuru pakati pevagadziri vekuputira vekumba nekunze.Kune mwenje wekudyara monochromatic light packaging zvishandiso, mukuwedzera kune zvigadzirwa zvine main wavelength mabhendi e450nm, 660nm, uye 730nm, vagadziri vazhinji vari kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva mune mamwe mabhendi ewavelength kuti vaone kufukidzwa kwakazara kwemifananidzo-synthetically active radiation (PAR) wavelength (450-730nm).

Monochromatic LED chirimwa kukura mwenje haina kukodzera kukura kwezvirimwa zvese.Naizvozvo, zvakanakira zveazere-spectrum LEDs zvinoratidzwa.Iyo yakazara spectrum inofanira kutanga yawana kufukidzwa kuzere kweiyo yakazara spectrum yechiedza chinooneka (400-700nm), uye kuwedzera kushanda kweaya mabhendi maviri: bhuruu-girinhi mwenje (470-510nm), yakadzika dzvuku mwenje (660-700nm).Shandisa yakajairwa yebhuruu LED kana ultraviolet LED chip ine phosphor kuwana "yakazara" spectrum, uye yayo photosynthetic kunyatsoita ine yayo yakakwirira uye yakaderera.Vazhinji vagadziri vekuvhenekesa mwenje chena ye LED yekurongedza zvishandiso vanoshandisa Blue chip + phosphors kuwana yakazara spectrum.Pamusoro peiyo yekurongedza modhi yechiedza chemonochromatic uye mwenje webhuruu kana ultraviolet chip pamwe nephosphor kuona mwenje chena, chirimwa chemwenje yekurongedza michina inewo inoumbwa yekurongedza modhi inoshandisa maviri kana anopfuura wavelength machipisi, senge tsvuku gumi yebhuruu / ultraviolet, RGB, RGBW .Iyi yekurongedza modhi ine mabhenefiti makuru mukudzima.

Panyaya yezvakatetepa-wavelength zvigadzirwa zveLED, vatengesi vazhinji vekurongedza vanogona kupa vatengi zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvewavelength mu365-740nm bhendi.Nezve chirimwa chekuvhenekesa chiratidziro chakashandurwa nephosphors, vazhinji vanogadzira zvekurongedza vane akasiyana siyana ekuti vatengi vasarudze kubva.Kuenzaniswa ne2016, chiyero chekukura kwekutengesa muna 2017 chakawana kuwedzera kukuru.Pakati pavo, chiyero chekukura kwe660nm LED chiedza sosi inoiswa mu20% -50%, uye chiyero chekukura kwekutengesa kwephosphor-yakashandurwa chirimwa LED mwenje sosi inosvika 50% -200%, ndiko kuti, kutengesa kwe phosphor-yakashandurwa chirimwa. LED mwenje masosi ari kukura nekukurumidza.

Makambani ese ekurongedza anogona kupa 0.2-0.9 W uye 1-3 W zvakajairika zvigadzirwa zvekurongedza.Aya masosi emwenje anobvumira vagadziri vemwenje kuve nekuchinjika kwakanaka mukugadzira mwenje.Uye zvakare, vamwe vagadziri vanopawo epamusoro magetsi akasanganiswa ekurongedza zvigadzirwa.Parizvino, inopfuura 80% yekutakura kwevazhinji vanogadzira ndeye 0.2-0.9 W kana 1-3 W. Pakati pavo, kutakura kwemakambani anotungamira epasi rese ekurongedza akaiswa mu1-3 W, nepo kutumirwa kwediki nepakati-. makambani ekurongedza akakura akaiswa mu 0.2-0.9 W.

3.Minda yekushandiswa kwechirimwa inokura mwenje

Kubva kumunda wekushandisa, zvigadziriso zvemwenje zvinokura zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukuvhenekesa greenhouse, mafekitori ezvekuvhenekesa ekudyara, mafekitori emiti yekudyara, mwenje wekurima wekunze, miriwo yemumba nekudyara maruva, uye tsvagiridzo yemurabhoritari.

①Muma solar greenhouses uye akawanda-span greenhouses, chikamu chechiedza chekugadzira chekuwedzera mwenje chichiri chakadzikira, uye marambi esimbi halide uye high pressure sodium mwenje ndizvo zvikuru.Mwero wekupinda kwe LED kukura masisitimu emwenje wakadzikira, asi mwero wekukura unotanga kukurumidza sezvo mutengo unodonha.Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti vashandisi vane ruzivo rwenguva refu rwekushandisa mwenje wesimbi halide uye high-pressure sodium mwenje, uye kushandiswa kwesimbi halide marambi uye yakakwirira-kudzvanywa mwenje yesodium inogona kupa inenge 6% kusvika 8% yesimba rekupisa kweiyo. greenhouse uchidzivirira kutsva kune zvirimwa.Iyo LED yekukura mwenje sisitimu haina kupa yakananga uye inoshanda mirairo uye tsigiro yedata, iyo yakanonoka kushandiswa kwayo masikati uye akawanda-span greenhouses.Parizvino, zvikumbiro zvekuratidzira zvidiki zvichiri tsigiro.Sezvo LED iri inotonhora mwenje sosi, inogona kunge iri padyo necanopy yezvirimwa, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwekushisa.Mumasikati uye akawanda-span greenhouses, LED kukura mwenje inowanzoshandiswa mukurima kwepakati-chirimwa.

②Kushanda kwemunda wekurima kunze.Kupinda uye kushandiswa kwekuvhenekesa kwechirimwa mukurima kwenzvimbo kwave kunonoka, ukuwo kushandiswa kwe LED plant mwenje masisitimu (photoperiod control) yezvirimwa zvekunze zvemazuva-refu zvine kukosha kwehupfumi hwepamusoro (senge dhiragoni muchero) yakawana budiriro nekukurumidza.

③Mafekitari ekudyara.Parizvino, iyo inokurumidza uye inonyanya kushandiswa mwenje sisitimu yekudyara ndiyo yese-yakagadzirwa chiedza chirimwa fekitori, iyo yakakamurwa kuita yepakati-yakawanda-layer uye yakagoverwa inofambiswa mafekitori ezvirimwa nechikamu.Kuvandudzwa kwemafekitari ekugadzira chiedza chemwenje muChina kunokurumidza zvikuru.Iyo huru yekudyara dhizaini yepakati-yakawanda-yekugadzira mwenje fekitori haisi yechinyakare makambani ekurima, asi makambani mazhinji ari kuita semiconductor uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi, seZhongke San'an, Foxconn, Panasonic Suzhou, Jingdong, uye zvakare. COFCO neXi Cui nemamwe makambani matsva ezvekurima emazuva ano.Mumafekitari akaparadzirwa uye anofambiswa ezvirimwa, midziyo yekutumira (midziyo mitsva kana kuvakwazve kwemidziyo yakashandiswa) ichiri kushandiswa seyakajairwa vatakuri.Masisitimu ekuvhenekesa kwechirimwa ezvidyarwa zvese zvekugadzira anonyanya kushandisa mutsara kana flat-panel array mwenje masisitimu, uye huwandu hwemhando dzakasimwa dzinoramba dzichiwedzera.Yakasiyana-siyana yekuedza mwenje formula LED mwenje masosi atanga kushandiswa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kushandiswa.Zvigadzirwa zviri pamusika zvinonyanya miriwo yemashizha egirinhi.

④Kudyara zvirimwa zvemumba.LED inogona kushandiswa mudzimba dzekudyara mwenje mwenje, imba yekudyara marekeni, yemumba yekurima miriwo michina, nezvimwe.

⑤Kurimwa kwemiti yemishonga.Kurimwa kwemiti yemishonga kunosanganisira zvirimwa zvakaita seAnoectochilus uye Lithospermum.Zvigadzirwa mumisika iyi zvine kukosha kwehupfumi hwepamusoro uye parizvino iindasitiri ine mamwe magetsi ekudyara.Pamusoro pezvo, kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kwekurima cannabis muNorth America uye zvikamu zveEurope kwakasimudzira kushandiswa kwe LED kukura mwenje mumunda wekurima cannabis.

⑥Maruva emwenje.Sechishandiso chakakosha chekugadzirisa nguva yekutumbuka kwemaruva muindasitiri yebindu remaruva, kushandiswa kwekutanga kweMaruva mwenje aive mwenje weincandescent, achiteverwa nemwenje unochengetedza magetsi efluorescent.Nekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri e LED, mamwe maLED-mhando yemaruva emwenje zvigadziriso zvishoma nezvishoma akatsiva mwenje wechinyakare.

⑦ Kudyara tsika yenyama.Traditional tissue culture light sources kunyanya machena efluorescent mwenje, ane yakaderera luminous kushanda uye hombe kupisa chizvarwa.Ma LED anonyanya kukodzera kushanda zvakanaka, kudzoreka uye compact plant tissue culture nekuda kwemaitiro avo akatanhamara akadai sekushomeka kwemagetsi, kuderera kwekupisa uye hupenyu hurefu.Parizvino, machena e LED machubhu ari kutsiva mwenje machena efluorescent zvishoma nezvishoma.

4. Kugoverwa kwenharaunda kwemakambani ekuvhenekera kwekukura

Maererano nenhamba, kune parizvino anopfuura mazana matatu ekukura makambani ekuvhenekesa munyika yangu, uye kukura makambani ekuvhenekesa munzvimbo yePearl River Delta account kune anopfuura 50%, uye ivo vatove pachinzvimbo chikuru.Kura makambani ekuvhenekesa muYangtze River Delta account inosvika makumi matatu muzana, uye ichiri nzvimbo yakakosha yekugadzira yekukura zvigadzirwa zvemwenje.Makambani emarambi echinyakare anonyanya kugoverwa muYangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta neBohai Rim, iyo Yangtze River Delta inoita 53%, uye Pearl River Delta neBohai Rim account ye24% uye 22% zvakateerana. .Nzvimbo huru dzekugovera dzeVagadziri vemwenje dze LED iPearl River Delta (62%), Yangtze River Delta (20%) uye Bohai Rim (12%).

B. Kuvandudza maitiro e LED kukura mwenje indasitiri

1. Nyanzvi

LED kukura mwenje ine hunhu hwekuchinjika spectrum uye kusimba kwechiedza, kudzika kwakazara kupisa chizvarwa, uye kuita kwakanaka kusapinda mvura, saka yakakodzera kukura mwenje munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.Panguva imwecheteyo, shanduko munharaunda yechisikigo uye kutsvaga kwevanhu kwemhando yechikafu kwakasimudzira kusimudzira kwakasimba kwenzvimbo yekurima uye kukura mafekitori, uye zvakatungamira iyo LED kukura indasitiri yekuvhenekesa kuita nguva yekukurumidza kusimudzira.Mune ramangwana, LED inokura mwenje ichaita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza kugadzirwa kwekurima, kuvandudza kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu, nekuvandudza mhando yemichero nemiriwo.Iyo LED mwenje sosi yekukura mwenje inoenderera mberi nekuvandudza zvishoma nezvishoma indasitiri uye kufamba mune yakanangwa nzira.

2. Kubudirira kwepamusoro

Kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwechiedza uye kushandiswa kwesimba ndiyo kiyi yekudzikisa zvakanyanya mari yekushandisa yekuvhenekesa chirimwa.Kushandiswa kwema LED kutsiva marambi echinyakare uye kukwenenzverwa nekugadziridzwa kwenzvimbo yechiedza zvichienderana nechiedza chefomula zvinodiwa zvezvirimwa kubva padanho rekudyara kusvika padanho rekukohwa ndiwo maitiro asingadzivisike ekurima kwakanatswa mune ramangwana.Panyaya yekuvandudza goho, inogona kurimwa mumatanho uye matunhu akasanganiswa neyakajeka formula maererano nekukura kwezvirimwa kuti zvivandudze kugadzirwa kwegoho padanho rega rega.Panyaya yekuvandudza mhando, mutemo wekudya uye mwenje mwenje unogona kushandiswa kuwedzera izvo zvinovaka muviri uye zvimwe zvehutano-hutano zvinoshanda zvinongedzo.

Maererano nefungidziro, pari zvino kudiwa kwenyika kwembeu dzemuriwo i680 bhiriyoni, ukuwo huwandu hwemadzinde emufekitari huri pasi pegumi muzana.Indasitiri yekudyara ine yakakwira zvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza.Nguva yekugadzira kazhinji yechando neyechirimo.Chiedza chechisikigo hachina simba uye chiedza chekuwedzera chinodiwa.Plant kukura mwenje ine yakawedzera kupinza uye kubuda uye yakakwirira dhigirii yekugamuchira yekupinda.LED ine mabhenefiti akasiyana, nekuti michero nemiriwo (matomatisi, magaka, mavise, nezvimwewo) zvinoda kubatanidzwa, uye iyo chaiyo spectrum yechiedza chekuwedzera pasi pemamiriro ehumidity yakakwirira inogona kukurudzira kuporeswa kwembeu dzakabatanidzwa.Greenhouse miriwo yekudyara mwenje wekuwedzera unogona kugadzirisa kushomeka kwechiedza chechisikigo, kuvandudza chirimwa photosynthetic kunyatsoita, kukurudzira kutumbuka uye fruiting, kuwedzera goho, uye kunatsiridza mhando yechigadzirwa.LED kukura mwenje ine yakafara application tarisiro mumichero yemiriwo uye kugadzirwa kwegreenhouse.

3. Akangwara

Plant kukura mwenje ine kudiwa kwakasimba kwechaiyo-nguva kutonga kwechiedza chemhando uye huwandu hwechiedza.Nekuvandudzwa kwehungwaru yekudzora tekinoroji uye nekushandiswa kweInternet yezvinhu, akasiyana monochromatic spectrums uye akangwara ekudzora masisitimu anogona kuona nguva yekutonga, mwenje kudzora, uye zvinoenderana nekukura kwezvirimwa, kugadziridzwa nenguva kwechiedza chemhando uye kubuda kwechiedza. inosungirwa kuve iyo huru maitiro mune ramangwana kusimudzira kwechirimwa kukura kwemwenje tekinoroji.